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Bizarria R, de Castro Pietrobon T, Rodrigues A. Uncovering the Yeast Communities in Fungus-Growing Ant Colonies. Microb Ecol 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02099-1. [PMID: 35962280 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yeast-insect interactions are compelling models to study the evolution, ecology, and diversification of yeasts. Fungus-growing (attine) ants are prominent insects in the Neotropics that evolved an ancient fungiculture of basidiomycete fungi over 55-65 million years, supplying an environment for a hidden yeast diversity. Here we assessed the yeast diversity in the attine ant environment by thoroughly sampling fungus gardens across four out of five ant fungiculture systems: Acromyrmex coronatus and Mycetomoellerius tucumanus standing for leaf-cutting and higher-attine fungicultures, respectively; Apterostigma sp., Mycetophylax sp., and Mycocepurus goeldii as ants from the lower-attine fungiculture. Among the fungus gardens of all fungus-growing ants examined, we found taxonomically unique and diverse microbial yeast communities across the different fungicultures. Ascomycete yeasts were the core taxa in fungus garden samples, with Saccharomycetales as the most frequent order. The genera Aureobasidium, Candida, Papiliotrema, Starmerella, and Sugiyamaella had the highest incidence in fungus gardens. Despite the expected similarity within the same fungiculture system, colonies of the same ant species differed in community structure. Among Saccharomycotina yeasts, few were distinguishable as killer yeasts, with a classical inhibition pattern for the killer phenotype, differing from earlier observations in this environment, which should be further investigated. Yeast mycobiome in fungus gardens is distinct between colonies of the same fungiculture and each ant colony harbors a distinguished and unique yeast community. Fungus gardens of attine ants are emergent environments to study the diversity and ecology of yeasts associated with insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Bizarria
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane de Castro Pietrobon
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil.
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Junges DSB, Delabeneta MF, Rosseto LRB, Nascimento BL, Paris AP, Persel C, Loth EA, Simão RCG, Menolli RA, Paula CR, Gandra RF. Antibiotic Activity of Wickerhamomyces anomalus Mycocins on Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Ecol 2020; 80:278-285. [PMID: 32072187 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to mycocins produced by Wickerhamomyces anomalus and to verify the cytotoxicity of these compounds. Three culture supernatants of W. anomalus (WA40, WA45, and WA92), containing mycocins (WA40M1, WA45M2, and WA92M3), were tested on A. baumannii using broth microdilution methods, solid medium tests, and cytotoxicity tests in human erythrocytes and in Artemia saline Leach. W. anomalus was able to produce high antimicrobial mycocins, as even at high dilutions, they inhibited A. baumannii. In a solid medium, it was possible to observe the inhibition of A. baumannii, caused by the diffusion of mycocins between agar. Finally, the three supernatants were not cytotoxic when tested on human erythrocytes and Artemia salina. According to the evidence in this study, the mycocins of W. anomalus have been effective and could be used in the development of new antimicrobial substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele S B Junges
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Mateus F Delabeneta
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Lana Rubia B Rosseto
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Nascimento
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Paris
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Persel
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Loth
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Rita C G Simão
- Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Menolli
- Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Claudete R Paula
- Faculty of Odontology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo F Gandra
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil.
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Parafati L, Vitale A, Restuccia C, Cirvilleri G. Biocontrol ability and action mechanism of food-isolated yeast strains against Botrytis cinerea causing post-harvest bunch rot of table grape. Food Microbiol 2014; 47:85-92. [PMID: 25583341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Strains belonging to the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Aureobasidium pullulans, isolated from different food sources, were tested in vitro as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against the post-harvest pathogenic mold Botrytis cinerea. All yeast strains demonstrated antifungal activity at different levels depending on species and medium. Killer strains of W. anomalus and S. cerevisiae showed the highest biocontrol in vitro activity, as demonstrated by largest inhibition halos. The competition for iron and the ability to form biofilm and to colonize fruit wounds were hypothesized as the main action mechanisms for M. pulcherrima. The production of hydrolytic enzymes and the ability to colonize the wounds were the most important mechanisms for biocontrol activity in A. pullulans and W. anomalus, which also showed high ability to form biofilm. The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect on pathogen growth was observed for the species W. anomalus, S. cerevisiae and M. pulcherrima. Our study clearly indicates that multiple modes of action may explain as M. pulcherrima provide excellent control of postharvest botrytis bunch rot of grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Parafati
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Cirvilleri
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
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