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Chiang WY, Yu HW, Wu MC, Huang YM, Chen YQ, Lin JW, Liu YW, You LR, Chiou A, Kuo JC. Matrix mechanics regulates muscle regeneration by modulating kinesin-1 activity. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122551. [PMID: 38593710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a prevalent muscle disease characterized by muscle mass and strength reduction, is associated with impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the influence of the biomechanical properties of sarcopenic skeletal muscle on the efficiency of the myogenic program remains unclear. Herein, we established a mouse model of sarcopenia and observed a reduction in stiffness within the sarcopenic skeletal muscle in vivo. To investigate whether the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle directly impact the myogenic program, we established an in vitro system to explore the intrinsic mechanism involving matrix stiffness control of myogenic differentiation. Our findings identify the microtubule motor protein, kinesin-1, as a mechano-transduction hub that senses and responds to matrix stiffness, crucial for myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Specifically, kinesin-1 activity is positively regulated by stiff matrices, facilitating its role in transporting mitochondria and enhancing translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell surface for glucose uptake. Conversely, the softer matrices significantly suppress kinesin-1 activity, leading to the accumulation of mitochondria around nuclei and hindering glucose uptake by inhibiting GLUT4 membrane translocation, consequently impairing myogenic differentiation. The insights gained from the in-vitro system highlight the mechano-transduction significance of kinesin-1 motor proteins in myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, our study confirms that enhancing kinesin-1 activity in the sarcopenic mouse model restores satellite cell expansion, myogenic differentiation, and muscle regeneration. Taken together, our findings provide a potential target for improving muscle regeneration in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Helen Wenshin Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Man Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan; Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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2
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Remsburg CM, Konrad KD, Song JL. RNA localization to the mitotic spindle is essential for early development and is regulated by kinesin-1 and dynein. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260528. [PMID: 36751992 PMCID: PMC10038151 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is a fundamental and highly regulated process that acts to faithfully segregate chromosomes into two identical daughter cells. Localization of gene transcripts involved in mitosis to the mitotic spindle might be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to ensure that mitosis occurs in a timely manner. We identified many RNA transcripts that encode proteins involved in mitosis localized at the mitotic spindles in dividing sea urchin embryos and mammalian cells. Disruption of microtubule polymerization, kinesin-1 or dynein results in lack of spindle localization of these transcripts in the sea urchin embryo. Furthermore, results indicate that the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) within the 3'UTR of the Aurora B transcript, a recognition sequence for CPEB, is essential for RNA localization to the mitotic spindle in the sea urchin embryo. Blocking this sequence results in arrested development during early cleavage stages, suggesting that RNA localization to the mitotic spindle might be a regulatory mechanism of cell division that is important for early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Remsburg
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kalin D. Konrad
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jia L. Song
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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3
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Xu A, Basant A, Schleich S, Newsome TP, Way M. Kinesin-1 transports morphologically distinct intracellular virions during vaccinia infection. J Cell Sci 2022; 136:276598. [PMID: 36093836 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular mature virus (IMV) are the first and most abundant infectious form of vaccinia virus to assemble during its replication cycle. IMV can undergo microtubule-based motility, but their directionality and the motor involved in their transport remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that IMV, like intracellular enveloped virus (IEV), the second form of vaccinia that is wrapped in Golgi-derived membrane, recruit kinesin-1 and undergo anterograde transport. In vitro reconstitution of virion transport in infected cell extracts reveals that IMV and IEV move toward microtubule plus-ends with respective velocities of 0.66 and 0.56 µm/s. Quantitative imaging establishes that IMV and IEV recruit an average of 139 and 320 kinesin-1 motor complexes respectively. In the absence of kinesin-1 there is a near-complete loss of in vitro motility and reduction in the intracellular spread of both types of virion. Our observations demonstrate that kinesin-1 transports two morphologically distinct forms of vaccinia. Reconstitution of vaccinia-based microtubule motility in vitro provides a new model to elucidate how motor number and regulation impacts transport of a bona fide kinesin-1 cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeus Xu
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Angika Basant
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sibylle Schleich
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Timothy P Newsome
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
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4
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Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of organelles driven by molecular motors underlies essential cellular processes. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, are one of the major cargoes of molecular motors. Efficient distribution of mitochondria ensures cellular fitness while defects in this process contribute to severe pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Reconstitution of the mitochondrial microtubule-based transport in vitro in a bottom-up approach provides a powerful tool to investigate the mitochondrial trafficking machinery in a controlled environment in the absence of complex intracellular interactions. In this chapter, we describe the procedures for achieving such reconstitution of mitochondrial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Puttrich
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Braun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Lansky
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic.
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5
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Yuan J, Zhao Y, Bai Y, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Zou H, Bian J. Cadmium induces endosomal/lysosomal enlargement and blocks autophagy flux in rat hepatocytes by damaging microtubules. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 228:112993. [PMID: 34808507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes vacuolar degeneration in buffalo rat liver 3 A (BRL 3 A) cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between Cd-induced microtubule damage and intracellular vacuolar degeneration. Western blotting results showed that Cd damaged the microtubule network and downregulated the expression of microtubule-associated proteins-kinesin-1 heavy chain (KIF5B), γ-tubulin, and acetylated α-tubulin in BRL 3 A cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that Cd inhibited interactions between α-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) as well as KIF5B. Increasing Cd concentrations decreased the levels of the lipid kinase, PIKfyve, which regulates the activity of endosome-lysosome fission. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed vacuole-like organelles that were late endosomes and lysosomes. The PIKfyve inhibitor, YM201636, and the microtubule depolymerizer, nocodazole, aggravated Cd-induced endosome-lysosome enlargement. Knocking down the kif5b gene that encodes KIF5B intensified the enlargement of endosome-lysosomes and expression of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), Ras-related protein Rab-7a (RAB7), and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP2). Nocodazole, YM201636, and the knockdown of kif5b blocked autophagic flux. We concluded that Cd-induced damage to the microtubule network is the main reason for endosome-lysosome enlargement and autophagic flux blockage in BRL 3 A cells, and kinesin-1 plays a critical role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhao Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuni Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Guha S, Patil A, Muralidharan H, Baas PW. Mini-review: Microtubule sliding in neurons. Neurosci Lett 2021; 753:135867. [PMID: 33812935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule sliding is an underappreciated mechanism that contributes to the establishment, organization, preservation, and plasticity of neuronal microtubule arrays. Powered by molecular motor proteins and regulated in part by static crosslinker proteins, microtubule sliding is the movement of microtubules relative to other microtubules or to non-microtubule structures such as the actin cytoskeleton. In addition to other important functions, microtubule sliding significantly contributes to the establishment and maintenance of microtubule polarity patterns in different regions of the neuron. The purpose of this article is to review the state of knowledge on microtubule sliding in the neuron, with emphasis on its mechanistic underpinnings as well as its functional significance.
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7
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Xie P. A common ATP-dependent stepping model for kinesin-5 and kinesin-1: Mechanism of bi-directionality of kinesin-5. Biophys Chem 2021; 271:106548. [PMID: 33486269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-5 and kinesin-1 proteins are two families of kinesin superfamily molecular motors that can move processively on microtubules powered by ATP hydrolysis. Kinesin-1 is a unidirectional motor. By contrast, some yeast kinesin-5 motors are bidirectional and the directionality can be switched by changing the experimental conditions. Here, on the basis of a common chemomechanical coupling model, the dynamics of kinesin-1 and in particular the dynamics of kinesin-5 is studied theoretically, explaining the available experimental data. For example, the experimental data about different movement directions under different experimental conditions for kinesin-5 are explained well. The origin of why kinesin-1 can only make unidirectional movement and kinesin-5 can make bidirectional movements is revealed. The origin of mutations or deletions of several structural elements affecting the directionality of kinesin-5 is revealed. Moreover, some predicted results for kinesin-5 are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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8
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Qin J, Zhang H, Geng Y, Ji Q. How Kinesin-1 Utilize the Energy of Nucleotide: The Conformational Changes and Mechanochemical Coupling in the Unidirectional Motion of Kinesin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6977. [PMID: 32972035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1 is a typical motile molecular motor and the founding member of the kinesin family. The most significant feature in the unidirectional motion of kinesin-1 is its processivity. To realize the fast and processive movement on the microtubule lattice, kinesin-1 efficiently transforms the chemical energy of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis to the energy of mechanical movement. The chemical and mechanical cycle of kinesin-1 are coupled to avoid futile nucleotide hydrolysis. In this paper, the research on the mechanical pathway of energy transition and the regulating mechanism of the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin-1 is reviewed.
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9
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Jiang M, Paniagua AE, Volland S, Wang H, Balaji A, Li DG, Lopes VS, Burgess BL, Williams DS. Microtubule motor transport in the delivery of melanosomes to the actin-rich apical domain of the retinal pigment epithelium. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242214. [PMID: 32661088 PMCID: PMC7420818 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are motile, light-absorbing organelles that are present in pigment cells of the skin and eye. It has been proposed that melanosome localization, in both skin melanocytes and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), involves melanosome capture from microtubule motors by an unconventional myosin, which dynamically tethers the melanosomes to actin filaments. Recent studies with melanocytes have questioned this cooperative capture model. Here, we test the model in RPE cells by imaging melanosomes associated with labeled actin filaments and microtubules, and by investigating the roles of different motor proteins. We found that a deficiency in cytoplasmic dynein phenocopies the lack of myosin-7a, in that melanosomes undergo fewer of the slow myosin-7a-dependent movements and are absent from the RPE apical domain. These results indicate that microtubule-based motility is required for the delivery of melanosomes to the actin-rich apical domain and support a capture mechanism that involves both microtubule and actin motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antonio E Paniagua
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stefanie Volland
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adarsh Balaji
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David G Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vanda S Lopes
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Barry L Burgess
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David S Williams
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Alberdi L, Vergnes A, Manneville JB, Tembo DL, Fang Z, Zhao Y, Schroeder N, Dumont A, Lagier M, Bassereau P, Redondo-Morata L, Gorvel JP, Méresse S. Regulation of kinesin-1 activity by the Salmonella enterica effectors PipB2 and SifA. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/9/jcs239863. [PMID: 32409568 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. The formation of its replication niche, which is composed of a vacuole associated with a network of membrane tubules, depends on the secretion of a set of bacterial effector proteins whose activities deeply modify the functions of the eukaryotic host cell. By recruiting and regulating the activity of the kinesin-1 molecular motor, Salmonella effectors PipB2 and SifA play an essential role in the formation of the bacterial compartments. In particular, they allow the formation of tubules from the vacuole and their extension along the microtubule cytoskeleton, and thus promote membrane exchanges and nutrient supply. We have developed in vitro and in cellulo assays to better understand the specific role played by these two effectors in the recruitment and regulation of kinesin-1. Our results reveal a specific interaction between the two effectors and indicate that, contrary to what studies on infected cells suggested, interaction with PipB2 is sufficient to relieve the autoinhibition of kinesin-1. Finally, they suggest the involvement of other Salmonella effectors in the control of the activity of this molecular motor.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Manneville
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Ziyan Fang
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Yaya Zhao
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Nina Schroeder
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Dumont
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Margaux Lagier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, 1 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Mórotz GM, Glennon EB, Greig J, Lau DHW, Bhembre N, Mattedi F, Muschalik N, Noble W, Vagnoni A, Miller CCJ. Kinesin light chain-1 serine-460 phosphorylation is altered in Alzheimer's disease and regulates axonal transport and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:200. [PMID: 31806024 PMCID: PMC6896704 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to axonal transport is an early pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s disease. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key axonal transport cargo since disruption to APP transport promotes amyloidogenic processing of APP. Moreover, altered APP processing itself disrupts axonal transport. The mechanisms that regulate axonal transport of APP are therefore directly relevant to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. APP is transported anterogradely through axons on kinesin-1 motors and one route for this transport involves calsyntenin-1, a type-1 membrane spanning protein that acts as a direct ligand for kinesin-1 light chains (KLCs). Thus, loss of calsyntenin-1 disrupts APP axonal transport and promotes amyloidogenic processing of APP. Phosphorylation of KLC1 on serine-460 has been shown to reduce anterograde axonal transport of calsyntenin-1 by inhibiting the KLC1-calsyntenin-1 interaction. Here we demonstrate that in Alzheimer’s disease frontal cortex, KLC1 levels are reduced and the relative levels of KLC1 serine-460 phosphorylation are increased; these changes occur relatively early in the disease process. We also show that a KLC1 serine-460 phosphomimetic mutant inhibits axonal transport of APP in both mammalian neurons in culture and in Drosophila neurons in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that expression of the KLC1 serine-460 phosphomimetic mutant promotes amyloidogenic processing of APP. Together, these results suggest that increased KLC1 serine-460 phosphorylation contributes to Alzheimer’s disease.
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12
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Belsham HR, Friel CT. Identification of key residues that regulate the interaction of kinesins with microtubule ends. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:440-446. [PMID: 31574569 PMCID: PMC6899999 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinesins are molecular motors that use energy derived from ATP turnover to walk along microtubules, or when at the microtubule end, regulate growth or shrinkage. All kinesins that regulate microtubule dynamics have long residence times at microtubule ends, whereas those that only walk have short end‐residence times. Here, we identify key amino acids involved in end binding by showing that when critical residues from Kinesin‐13, which depolymerises microtubules, are introduced into Kinesin‐1, a walking kinesin with no effect on microtubule dynamics, the end‐residence time is increased up to several‐fold. This indicates that the interface between the kinesin motor domain and the microtubule is malleable and can be tuned to favour either lattice or end binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Belsham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire T Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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13
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Gan H, Xue W, Gao Y, Zhu G, Chan D, Cheah KSE, Huang J. KIF5B modulates central spindle organization in late-stage cytokinesis in chondrocytes. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:85. [PMID: 31636894 PMCID: PMC6794761 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The growth plate is a special region of the cartilage that drives longitudinal growth of long bones. Proliferating chondrocytes in the growth plate, arranged in columns, divide perpendicular to the long axis of the growth plate then intercalate to re-align with parental columns. Which molecular partners maintain growth plate columnar structures and chondrocyte cytokinesis has not been fully revealed. It is reported that kinesin family member 3A (KIF3A), a subunit of kinesin-2, plays an important role in maintaining columnar organization in growth plates via controlling primary cilia formation and cell proliferation. Result Here we identify kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B), the heavy chain of kinesin-1, a ubiquitously expressed motor protein for anterograde intracellular transport along the microtubule network, as a key modulator of cytokinesis in chondrocytes via maintenance of central spindle organization. We show that KIF5B is concentrated in the central spindle during cytokinesis in both primary chondrocytes and chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Conclusion The failure of cytokinesis in KIF5B null chondrocytes leads to incomplete cell rotation, disrupting proliferation and differentiation, and results in a disorganized growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Gan
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Xue
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Gao
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,2Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixia Zhu
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Danny Chan
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kathryn S E Cheah
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Huang
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,3Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 People's Republic of China
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14
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Ma YL, Li T, Jin YM, Geng YZ, Ji Q. Shaft Function of Kinesin-1's α4 Helix in the Processive Movement. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:345-354. [PMID: 31719918 PMCID: PMC6816713 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kinesin-1 motor is a molecular walking machine constructed with amino acids. The understanding of how those structural elements play their mechanical roles is the key to the understanding of kinesin-1 mechanism. METHODS Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the role of a helix structure, α4 (also called switch-II helix), of kinesin-1's motor domain in its processive movement along microtubule. RESULTS Through the analysis of the structure and the interactions between α4 and the surrounding residues in different nucleotide-binding states, we find that, mechanically, this helix functions as a shaft for kinesin-1's motor-domain rotation and, structurally, it is an amphipathic helix ensuring its shaft functioning. The hydrophobic side of α4 consists strictly of hydrophobic residues, making it behave like a lubricated surface in contact with the core β-sheet of kinesin-1's motor domain. The opposite hydrophilic side of α4 leans firmly against microtubule with charged residues locating at both ends to facilitate its positioning onto the intra-tubulin groove. CONCLUSIONS The special structural feature of α4 makes for an effective reduction of the conformational work in kinesin-1's force generation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Ma
- Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
| | - Tie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
| | - Yu-Mei Jin
- Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
| | - Yi-Zhao Geng
- Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
| | - Qing Ji
- Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401 China
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15
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Mórotz GM, Glennon EB, Gomez-Suaga P, Lau DHW, Robinson ED, Sedlák É, Vagnoni A, Noble W, Miller CCJ. LMTK2 binds to kinesin light chains to mediate anterograde axonal transport of cdk5/p35 and LMTK2 levels are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brains. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:73. [PMID: 31068217 PMCID: PMC6505310 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase-5 (cdk5)/p35 is a neuronal kinase that regulates key axonal and synaptic functions but the mechanisms by which it is transported to these locations are unknown. Lemur tyrosine kinase-2 (LMTK2) is a binding partner for p35 and here we show that LMTK2 also interacts with kinesin-1 light chains (KLC1/2). Binding to KLC1/2 involves a C-terminal tryptophan/aspartate (WD) motif in LMTK2 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains in KLC1/2, and this interaction facilitates axonal transport of LMTK2. Thus, siRNA loss of KLC1 or mutation of the WD motif disrupts axonal transport of LMTK2. We also show that LMTK2 facilitates the formation of a complex containing KLC1 and p35 and that siRNA loss of LMTK2 disrupts axonal transport of both p35 and cdk5. Finally, we show that LMTK2 levels are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brains. Damage to axonal transport and altered cdk5/p35 are pathogenic features of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, LMTK2 binds to KLC1 to direct axonal transport of p35 and its loss may contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor M Mórotz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Glennon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Patricia Gomez-Suaga
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Dawn H W Lau
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Eleanor D Robinson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Éva Sedlák
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Christopher C J Miller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK.
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Lee JY, Kim MJ, Thomas S, Oorschot V, Ramm G, Aui PM, Sekine Y, Deliyanti D, Wilkinson-Berka J, Niego B, Harvey AR, Theotokis P, McLean C, Strittmatter SM, Petratos S. Limiting Neuronal Nogo Receptor 1 Signaling during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Preserves Axonal Transport and Abrogates Inflammatory Demyelination. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5562-80. [PMID: 31061088 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1760-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified that ngr1 allele deletion limits the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by preserving axonal integrity. However, whether this favorable outcome observed in EAE is a consequence of an abrogated neuronal-specific pathophysiological mechanism, is yet to be defined. Here we show that, Cre-loxP-mediated neuron-specific deletion of ngr1 preserved axonal integrity, whereas its re-expression in ngr1-/- female mice potentiated EAE-axonopathy. As a corollary, myelin integrity was preserved under Cre deletion in ngr1flx/flx , retinal ganglion cell axons whereas, significant demyelination occurred in the ngr1-/- optic nerves following the re-introduction of NgR1. Moreover, Cre-loxP-mediated axon-specific deletion of ngr1 in ngr1flx/flx mice also demonstrated efficient anterograde transport of fluorescently-labeled ChTxβ in the optic nerves of EAE-induced mice. However, the anterograde transport of ChTxβ displayed accumulation in optic nerve degenerative axons of EAE-induced ngr1-/- mice, when NgR1 was reintroduced but was shown to be transported efficiently in the contralateral non- recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2-transduced optic nerves of these mutant mice. We further identified that the interaction between the axonal motor protein, Kinesin-1 and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) was unchanged upon Cre deletion of ngr1 Whereas, this Kinesin-1/CRMP2 association was reduced when NgR1 was re-expressed in the ngr1-/- optic nerves. Our data suggest that NgR1 governs axonal degeneration in the context of inflammatory-mediated demyelination through the phosphorylation of CRMP2 by stalling axonal vesicular transport. Moreover, axon-specific deletion of ngr1 preserves axonal transport mechanisms, blunting the induction of inflammatory demyelination and limiting the severity of EAE.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonly induced by aberrant immune-mediated destruction of the protective sheath of nerve fibers (known as myelin). However, it has been shown that MS lesions do not only consist of this disease pattern, exhibiting heterogeneity with continual destruction of axons. Here we investigate how neuronal NgR1 can drive inflammatory-mediated axonal degeneration and demyelination within the optic nerve by analyzing its downstream signaling events that govern axonal vesicular transport. We identify that abrogating the NgR1/pCRMP2 signaling cascade can maintain Kinesin-1-dependent anterograde axonal transport to limit inflammatory-mediated axonopathy and demyelination. The ability to differentiate between primary and secondary mechanisms of axonal degeneration may uncover therapeutic strategies to limit axonal damage and progressive MS.
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17
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Métivier M, Monroy BY, Gallaud E, Caous R, Pascal A, Richard-Parpaillon L, Guichet A, Ori-McKenney KM, Giet R. Dual control of Kinesin-1 recruitment to microtubules by Ensconsin in Drosophila neuroblasts and oocytes. Development 2019; 146:dev.171579. [PMID: 30936181 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila Ensconsin (also known as MAP7) controls spindle length, centrosome separation in brain neuroblasts (NBs) and asymmetric transport in oocytes. The control of spindle length by Ensconsin is Kinesin-1 independent but centrosome separation and oocyte transport require targeting of Kinesin-1 to microtubules by Ensconsin. However, the molecular mechanism used for this targeting remains unclear. Ensconsin contains a microtubule (MT)-binding domain (MBD) and a Kinesin-binding domain (KBD). Rescue experiments show that only full-length Ensconsin restores the spindle length phenotype. KBD expression rescues ensc centrosome separation defects in NBs, but not the fast oocyte streaming and the localization of Staufen and Gurken. Interestingly, the KBD can stimulate Kinesin-1 targeting to MTs in vivo and in vitro We propose that a KBD and Kinesin-1 complex is a minimal activation module that increases Kinesin-1 affinity for MTs. Addition of the MBD present in full-length Ensconsin allows this process to occur directly on the MT and triggers higher Kinesin-1 targeting. This dual regulation by Ensconsin is essential for optimal Kinesin-1 targeting to MTs in oocytes, but not in NBs, illustrating the importance of adapting Kinesin-1 recruitment to different biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Métivier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brigette Y Monroy
- University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Renaud Caous
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Aude Pascal
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Richard-Parpaillon
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Guichet
- Institut Jacques Monod-Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - Régis Giet
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
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18
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Szkop M, Kliszcz B, Kasprzak AA. A simple and reproducible protocol of glass surface silanization for TIRF microscopy imaging. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:119-123. [PMID: 29572128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple and reproducible protocol for the preparation of microscope glass slides for in vitro motility assays that use total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The developed method utilizes trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as a silanizing reagent, which in the presence of imidazole as a catalyst and under optimized conditions enables reproducible preparation of high-quality hydrophobic glass surfaces. This method presents a simplification and improvement in reproducibility over the commonly applied protocol utilizing dichlorodimethylsilane (DDS) as a silanizing agent. We demonstrate the applicability of the new method by performing the analysis of the interactions of a molecular motor, kinesin-1 with microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szkop
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur St. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kliszcz
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur St. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej A Kasprzak
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur St. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Wu YK, Umeshima H, Kurisu J, Kengaku M. Nesprins and opposing microtubule motors generate a point force that drives directional nuclear motion in migrating neurons. Development 2018. [PMID: 29519888 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear migration of newly born neurons is essential for cortex formation in the brain. The nucleus is translocated by actin and microtubules, yet the actual force generated by the interplay of these cytoskeletons remains elusive. High-resolution time-lapse observation of migrating murine cerebellar granule cells revealed that the nucleus actively rotates along the direction of its translocation, independently of centrosome motion. Pharmacological and molecular perturbation indicated that spin torque is primarily generated by microtubule motors through the LINC complex in the absence of actomyosin contractility. In contrast to the prevailing view that microtubules are uniformly oriented around the nucleus, we observed that the perinuclear microtubule arrays are of mixed polarity and both cytoplasmic dynein complex and kinesin-1 are required for nuclear rotation. Kinesin-1 can exert a point force on the nuclear envelope via association with nesprins, and loss of kinesin-1 causes failure in neuronal migration in vivo Thus, microtubules steer the nucleus and drive its rotation and translocation via a dynamic, focal interaction of nesprins with kinesin-1 and dynein, and this is necessary for neuronal migration during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Kure Wu
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Umeshima
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Kurisu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mineko Kengaku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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20
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Robinson CL, Evans RD, Briggs DA, Ramalho JS, Hume AN. Inefficient recruitment of kinesin-1 to melanosomes precludes it from facilitating their transport. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2056-2065. [PMID: 28490438 PMCID: PMC5482976 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.186064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules and F-actin, and their associated motor proteins, are considered to play complementary roles in long- and short-range organelle transport. However, there is growing appreciation that myosin/F-actin networks can drive long-range transport. In melanocytes, myosin-Va and kinesin-1 have both been proposed as long-range centrifugal transporters moving melanosomes into the peripheral dendrites. Here, we investigated the role of kinesin-1 heavy chain (Kif5b) and its suggested targeting factor Rab1a in transport. We performed confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation, but did not detect Kif5b or Rab1a on melanosomes. Meanwhile functional studies, using siRNA knockdown and dominant negative mutants, did not support a role for Kif5b or Rab1a in melanosome transport. To probe the potential of Kif5b to function in transport, we generated fusion proteins that target active Kif5b to melanosomes and tested their ability to rescue perinuclear clustering in myosin-Va-deficient cells. Expression of these chimeras, but not full-length Kif5b, dispersed melanosomes with similar efficiency to myosin-Va. Our data indicate that kinesin and microtubules can compensate for defects in myosin-Va and actin-based transport in mammals, but that endogenous Kif5b does not have an important role in transport of melanocytes due to its inefficient recruitment to melanosomes. Highlighted Article: We show that Kif5b can compensate for defects in myosin-Va-based transport in mammals, but that endogenous Kif5b plays a minimal role in transport in melanocytes due to inefficient recruitment to melanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard D Evans
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Deborah A Briggs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jose S Ramalho
- CEDOC Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alistair N Hume
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Sanger A, Yip YY, Randall TS, Pernigo S, Steiner RA, Dodding MP. SKIP controls lysosome positioning using a composite kinesin-1 heavy and light chain-binding domain. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1637-1651. [PMID: 28302907 PMCID: PMC5450233 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular interplay between cargo recognition and regulation of the activity of the kinesin-1 microtubule motor is not well understood. Using the lysosome adaptor SKIP (also known as PLEKHM2) as model cargo, we show that the kinesin heavy chains (KHCs), in addition to the kinesin light chains (KLCs), can recognize tryptophan-acidic-binding determinants on the cargo when presented in the context of an extended KHC-interacting domain. Mutational separation of KHC and KLC binding shows that both interactions are important for SKIP–kinesin-1 interaction in vitro and that KHC binding is important for lysosome transport in vivo. However, in the absence of KLCs, SKIP can only bind to KHC when autoinhibition is relieved, suggesting that the KLCs gate access to the KHCs. We propose a model whereby tryptophan-acidic cargo is first recognized by KLCs, resulting in destabilization of KHC autoinhibition. This primary event then makes accessible a second SKIP-binding site on the KHC C-terminal tail that is adjacent to the autoinhibitory IAK region. Thus, cargo recognition and concurrent activation of kinesin-1 proceed in hierarchical stepwise fashion driven by a dynamic network of inter- and intra-molecular interactions. Summary: The lysosomal kinesin-1 cargo adaptor SKIP is shown to interact with kinesin-1 via both its heavy and light chains. A new stepwise hierarchical model for kinesin-1 activation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneri Sanger
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Yan Y Yip
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Thomas S Randall
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stefano Pernigo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Roberto A Steiner
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark P Dodding
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Medina CS, Biris O, Falzone TL, Zhang X, Zimmerman AJ, Bearer EL. Hippocampal to basal forebrain transport of Mn 2+ is impaired by deletion of KLC1, a subunit of the conventional kinesin microtubule-based motor. Neuroimage 2017; 145:44-57. [PMID: 27751944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-based motors carry cargo back and forth between the synaptic region and the cell body. Defects in axonal transport result in peripheral neuropathies, some of which are caused by mutations in KIF5A, a gene encoding one of the heavy chain isoforms of conventional kinesin-1. Some mutations in KIF5A also cause severe central nervous system defects in humans. While transport dynamics in the peripheral nervous system have been well characterized experimentally, transport in the central nervous system is less experimentally accessible and until now not well described. Here we apply manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance (MEMRI) to study transport dynamics within the central nervous system, focusing on the hippocampal-forebrain circuit, and comparing kinesin-1 light chain 1 knock-out (KLC-KO) mice with age-matched wild-type littermates. We injected Mn2+ into CA3 of the posterior hippocampus and imaged axonal transport in vivo by capturing whole-brain 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI) in living mice at discrete time-points after injection. Precise placement of the injection site was monitored in both MR images and in histologic sections. Mn2+-induced intensity progressed along fiber tracts (fimbria and fornix) in both genotypes to the medial septal nuclei (MSN), correlating in location with the traditional histologic tract tracer, rhodamine dextran. Pairwise statistical parametric mapping (SPM) comparing intensities at successive time-points within genotype revealed Mn2+-enhanced MR signal as it proceeded from the injection site into the forebrain, the expected projection from CA3. By region of interest (ROI) analysis of the MSN, wide variation between individuals in each genotype was found. Despite this statistically significant intensity increases in the MSN at 6h post-injection was found in both genotypes, albeit less so in the KLC-KO. While the average accumulation at 6h was less in the KLC-KO, the difference between genotypes did not reach significance. Projections of SPM T-maps for each genotype onto the same grayscale image revealed differences in the anatomical location of significant voxels. Although KLC-KO mice had smaller brains than wild-type, the gross anatomy was normal with no apparent loss of septal cholinergic neurons. Hence anatomy alone does not explain the differences in SPM maps. We conclude that kinesin-1 defects may have only a minor effect on the rate and distribution of transported Mn2+ within the living brain. This impairment is less than expected for this abundant microtubule-based motor, yet such defects could still be functionally significant, resulting in cognitive/emotional dysfunction due to decreased replenishments of synaptic vesicles or mitochondria during synaptic activity. This study demonstrates the power of MEMRI to observe and measure vesicular transport dynamics in the central nervous system that may result from or lead to brain pathology.
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Morfini G, Schmidt N, Weissmann C, Pigino G, Kins S. Conventional kinesin: Biochemical heterogeneity and functional implications in health and disease. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:347-353. [PMID: 27339812 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking events powered by microtubule-based molecular motors facilitate the targeted delivery of selected molecular components to specific neuronal subdomains. Within this context, we provide a brief review of mechanisms underlying the execution of axonal transport (AT) by conventional kinesin, the most abundant kinesin-related motor protein in the mature nervous system. We emphasize the biochemical heterogeneity of this multi-subunit motor protein, further discussing its significance in light of recent discoveries revealing its regulation by various protein kinases. In addition, we raise issues relevant to the mode of conventional kinesin attachment to cargoes and examine recent evidence linking alterations in conventional kinesin phosphorylation to the pathogenesis of adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Carina Weissmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gustavo Pigino
- Instituto de Investigación Médica "Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra", INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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24
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Arora GK, Tran SL, Rizzo N, Jain A, Welte MA. Temporal control of bidirectional lipid-droplet motion in Drosophila depends on the ratio of kinesin-1 and its co-factor Halo. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1416-28. [PMID: 26906417 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During bidirectional transport, individual cargoes move continuously back and forth along microtubule tracks, yet the cargo population overall displays directed net transport. How such transport is controlled temporally is not well understood. We analyzed this issue for bidirectionally moving lipid droplets in Drosophila embryos, a system in which net transport direction is developmentally controlled. By quantifying how the droplet distribution changes as embryos develop, we characterize temporal transitions in net droplet transport and identify the crucial contribution of the previously identified, but poorly characterized, transacting regulator Halo. In particular, we find that Halo is transiently expressed; rising and falling Halo levels control the switches in global distribution. Rising Halo levels have to pass a threshold before net plus-end transport is initiated. This threshold level depends on the amount of the motor kinesin-1: the more kinesin-1 is present, the more Halo is needed before net plus-end transport commences. Because Halo and kinesin-1 are present in common protein complexes, we propose that Halo acts as a rate-limiting co-factor of kinesin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet K Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susan L Tran
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas Rizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric J Hoerndli
- a Center for Cell and Genome Science; Department of Biology; University of Utah ; Salt Lake City , UT USA
| | - Angy J Kallarackal
- a Center for Cell and Genome Science; Department of Biology; University of Utah ; Salt Lake City , UT USA
| | - Andres V Maricq
- a Center for Cell and Genome Science; Department of Biology; University of Utah ; Salt Lake City , UT USA
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26
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Sato T, Ishikawa M, Yoshihara T, Nakazato R, Higashida H, Asano M, Yoshioka K. Critical role of JSAP1 and JLP in axonal transport in the cerebellar Purkinje cells of mice. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2805-11. [PMID: 26320416 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
JNK/stress-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (JSAP1) and JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) are structurally related scaffolding proteins that are highly expressed in the brain. Here, we found that JSAP1 and JLP play functionally redundant and essential roles in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) survival. Mice containing PCs with deletions in both JSAP1 and JLP exhibited PC axonal dystrophy, followed by gradual, progressive neuronal loss. Kinesin-1 cargoes accumulated selectively in the swollen axons of Jsap1/Jlp-deficient PCs. In addition, autophagy inactivation in these mice markedly accelerated PC degeneration. These findings suggest that JSAP1 and JLP play critical roles in kinesin-1-dependent axonal transport, which prevents brain neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiharu Sato
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Momoe Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakazato
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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27
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Campbell PD, Heim AE, Smith MZ, Marlow FL. Kinesin-1 interacts with Bucky ball to form germ cells and is required to pattern the zebrafish body axis. Development 2015; 142:2996-3008. [PMID: 26253407 PMCID: PMC4582183 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In animals, specification of the primordial germ cells (PGCs), the stem cells of the germ line, is required to transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. Bucky ball (Buc) is essential for germ plasm (GP) assembly in oocytes, and its overexpression results in excess PGCs in zebrafish embryos. However, the mechanistic basis for the excess PGCs in response to Buc overexpression, and whether endogenous Buc functions during embryogenesis, are unknown. Here, we show that endogenous Buc, like GP and overexpressed Buc-GFP, accumulates at embryonic cleavage furrows. Furthermore, we show that the maternally expressed zebrafish Kinesin-1 Kif5Ba is a binding partner of Buc and that maternal kif5Ba (Mkif5Ba) plays an essential role in germline specification in vivo. Specifically, Mkif5Ba is required to recruit GP to cleavage furrows and thereby specifies PGCs. Moreover, Mkif5Ba is required to enrich Buc at cleavage furrows and for the ability of Buc to promote excess PGCs, providing mechanistic insight into how Buc functions to assemble embryonic GP. In addition, we show that Mkif5Ba is also essential for dorsoventral (DV) patterning. Specifically, Mkif5Ba promotes formation of the parallel vegetal microtubule array required to asymmetrically position dorsal determinants (DDs) towards the prospective dorsal side. Interestingly, whereas Syntabulin and wnt8a translocation depend on kif5Ba, grip2a translocation does not, providing evidence for two distinct mechanisms by which DDs might be asymmetrically distributed. These studies identify essential roles for maternal Kif5Ba in PGC specification and DV patterning, and provide mechanistic insight into Buc functions during early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Campbell
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amanda E Heim
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mordechai Z Smith
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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28
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Abstract
Cells have an amazing ability to self-organize and rearrange their interiors. Such morphology changes are essential to cell development, division, and motility. The core of a cell's internal organization lies with the cytoskeleton made of both microtubule and actin filaments with their associated proteins and ATP-utilizing enzymes. Despite years of in vitro reconstitution experiments, we still do not fully understand how the cytoskeleton can self-organize. In an attempt to create a simple system of self-organization, we have used a simple filament-gliding assay to examine how kinesin-1-driven motion of microtubules can generate cell-like organization in the presence of excess filaments and antiparallel cross-linkers.
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29
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Abstract
During skeletal muscle development, nuclei move dynamically through myotubes in a microtubule-dependent manner, driven by the microtubule motor protein kinesin-1. Loss of kinesin-1 leads to improperly positioned nuclei in culture and in vivo. Two models have been proposed to explain how kinesin-1 functions to move nuclei in myotubes. In the cargo model, kinesin-1 acts directly from the surface of the nucleus, whereas in an alternative model, kinesin-1 moves nuclei indirectly by sliding anti-parallel microtubules. Here, we test the hypothesis that an ensemble of Kif5B motors acts from the nuclear envelope to distribute nuclei throughout the length of syncytial myotubes. First, using an inducible dimerization system, we show that controlled recruitment of truncated, constitutively active kinesin-1 motors to the nuclear envelope is sufficient to prevent the nuclear aggregation resulting from depletion of endogenous kinesin-1. Second, we identify a conserved kinesin light chain (KLC)-binding motif in the nuclear envelope proteins nesprin-1 and nesprin-2, and show that recruitment of the motor complex to the nucleus via this LEWD motif is essential for nuclear distribution. Together, our findings demonstrate that the nucleus is a kinesin-1 cargo in myotubes and that nesprins function as nuclear cargo adaptors. The importance of achieving and maintaining proper nuclear position is not restricted to muscle fibers, suggesting that the nesprin-dependent recruitment of kinesin-1 to the nuclear envelope through the interaction of a conserved LEWD motif with kinesin light chain might be a general mechanism for cell-type-specific nuclear positioning during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H Wilson
- Department of Physiology and the Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology and the Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Muresan V, Ladescu Muresan Z. Amyloid-β precursor protein: Multiple fragments, numerous transport routes and mechanisms. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:45-53. [PMID: 25573596 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review provides insight into the intraneuronal transport of the Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (APP), the prototype of an extensively posttranslationally modified and proteolytically cleaved transmembrane protein. Uncovering the intricacies of APP transport proves to be a challenging endeavor of cell biology research, deserving increased priority, since APP is at the core of the pathogenic process in Alzheimer's disease. After being synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum in the neuronal soma, APP enters the intracellular transport along the secretory, endocytic, and recycling routes. Along these routes, APP undergoes cleavage into defined sets of fragments, which themselves are transported - mostly independently - to distinct sites in neurons, where they exert their functions. We review the currently known routes and mechanisms of transport of full-length APP, and of APP fragments, commenting largely on the experimental challenges posed by studying transport of extensively cleaved proteins. The review emphasizes the interrelationships between the proteolytic and posttranslational modifications, the intracellular transport, and the functions of the APP species. A goal remaining to be addressed in the future is the incorporation of the various views on APP transport into a coherent picture. In this review, the disease context is only marginally addressed; the focus is on the basic biology of APP transport under normal conditions. As shown, the studies of APP transport uncovered numerous mechanisms of transport, some of them conventional, and others, novel, awaiting exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Muresan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA.
| | - Zoia Ladescu Muresan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA.
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31
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Lee CM. Transport of c-MYC by Kinesin-1 for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1843:2027-36. [PMID: 24821626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
c-MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor that is degraded by the proteasome pathway. However, the mechanism that regulates delivery of c-MYC to the proteasome for degradation is not well characterized. Here, the results show that the motor protein complex Kinesin-1 transports c-MYC to the cytoplasm for proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of Kinesin-1 function enhanced ubiquitination of c-MYC and induced aggregation of c-MYC in the cytoplasm. Transport studies showed that the c-MYC aggregates moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and KIF5B is responsible for the transport in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, inhibition of the proteasomal degradation process also resulted in an accumulation of c-MYC aggregates in the cytoplasm. Moreover, Kinesin-1 was shown to interact with c-MYC and the proteasome subunit S6a. Inhibition of Kinesin-1 function also reduced c-MYC-dependent transformation activities. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that Kinesin-1 transports c-MYC for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm and the proper degradation of c-MYC mediated by Kinesin-1 transport is important for transformation activities of c-MYC. In addition, the results indicate that Kinesin-1 transport mechanism is important for degradation of a number of other proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement M Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Oncological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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32
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Abstract
We show for the first time the effects of heavy-hydrogen water (2H2O) and heavy-oxygen water (H218O) on the gliding speed of microtubules on kinesin-1 coated surfaces. Increased fractions of isotopic waters used in the motility solution decreased the gliding speed of microtubules by a maximum of 21% for heavy-hydrogen and 5% for heavy-oxygen water. We also show that gliding microtubule speed returns to its original speed after being treated with heavy-hydrogen water. We discuss possible interpretations of these results and the importance for future studies of water effects on kinesin and microtubules. We also discuss the implication for using heavy waters in biomolecular devices incorporating molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Maloney
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX , USA
| | | | - Steven J Koch
- College of University Libraries & Learning Sciences, The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA
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33
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Otero MG, Alloatti M, Cromberg LE, Almenar-Queralt A, Encalada SE, Pozo Devoto VM, Bruno L, Goldstein LSB, Falzone TL. Fast axonal transport of the proteasome complex depends on membrane interaction and molecular motor function. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1537-49. [PMID: 24522182 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurons depends on the correct delivery of the proteasome complex. In neurodegenerative diseases, aggregation and accumulation of proteins in axons link transport defects with degradation impairments; however, the transport properties of proteasomes remain unknown. Here, using in vivo experiments, we reveal the fast anterograde transport of assembled and functional 26S proteasome complexes. A high-resolution tracking system to follow fluorescent proteasomes revealed three types of motion: actively driven proteasome axonal transport, diffusive behavior in a viscoelastic axonema and proteasome-confined motion. We show that active proteasome transport depends on motor function because knockdown of the KIF5B motor subunit resulted in impairment of the anterograde proteasome flux and the density of segmental velocities. Finally, we reveal that neuronal proteasomes interact with intracellular membranes and identify the coordinated transport of fluorescent proteasomes with synaptic precursor vesicles, Golgi-derived vesicles, lysosomes and mitochondria. Taken together, our results reveal fast axonal transport as a new mechanism of proteasome delivery that depends on membrane cargo 'hitch-hiking' and the function of molecular motors. We further hypothesize that defects in proteasome transport could promote abnormal protein clearance in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Otero
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1121, Argentina
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34
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Yasuda S, Yanagi T, Yamada MD, Ueki S, Maruta S, Inoue A, Arata T. Nucleotide-dependent displacement and dynamics of the α-1 helix in kinesin revealed by site-directed spin labeling EPR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:911-6. [PMID: 24361895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In kinesin X-ray crystal structures, the N-terminal region of the α-1 helix is adjacent to the adenine ring of the bound nucleotide, while the C-terminal region of the helix is near the neck-linker (NL). Here, we monitor the displacement of the α-1 helix within a kinesin monomer bound to microtubules (MTs) in the presence or absence of nucleotides using site-directed spin labeling EPR. Kinesin was doubly spin-labeled at the α-1 and α-2 helices, and the resulting EPR spectrum showed dipolar broadening. The inter-helix distance distribution showed that 20% of the spins have a peak characteristic of 1.4-1.7 nm separation, which is similar to what is predicted from the X-ray crystal structure, albeit 80% were beyond the sensitivity limit (>2.5 nm) of the method. Upon MT binding, the fraction of kinesin exhibiting an inter-helix distance of 1.4-1.7 nm in the presence of AMPPNP (a non-hydrolysable ATP analog) and ADP was 20% and 25%, respectively. In the absence of nucleotide, this fraction increased to 40-50%. These nucleotide-induced changes in the fraction of kinesin undergoing displacement of the α-1 helix were found to be related to the fraction in which the NL undocked from the motor core. It is therefore suggested that a shift in the α-1 helix conformational equilibrium occurs upon nucleotide binding and release, and this shift controls NL docking onto the motor core.
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