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Long X, Liu X, Deng T, Chen J, Lan J, Zhang S, Zhou M, Guo D, Zhou J. LARP6 suppresses colorectal cancer progression through ZNF267/SGMS2-mediated imbalance of sphingomyelin synthesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:33. [PMID: 36691044 PMCID: PMC9872320 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing incidence and mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) seriously endangers human health. LARP6, a member of La-related protein (LARP) family, is a RNA binding protein and probably associates with CRC progression, but its specific roles and mechanisms in CRC still remain unknown. METHOD Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine LARP6 expression in CRC tissues. Using the stable LARP6 overexpression or interference CRC cell lines, the effect of LARP6 on CRC progression were evaluated. High-throughput RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and a series of relevant experiments were conducted to explain how LARP6 functions. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. RESULT In this study, we found that LARP6 expression is downregulated in CRC and correlates with patients' overall survival and relapse-free survival. Furthermore, altered LARP6 expression influences CRC cells invasion and metastasis. Mechanically, we discovered that LARP6 bind ZNF267 mRNA and regulated its stability and translation. LARP6 inhibited expression of SGMS2, a downstream target of ZNF267, resulting in ceramide and sphingomyelin imbalance in CRC cells. Interestingly, LARP6 also enhances autophagy activity of CRC cells, and the effect was at least partially determined by the inhibition of SGMS2-mediated sphingomyelin synthesis. CONCLUSION Our study showed how LARP6/ZNF267/SGMS2 axis influence CRC progression, which contributes to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Long
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xunhua Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Pathology, YunFu People’s Hospital, Yunfu, 527300 China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jiawen Lan
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Miao Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Dan Guo
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,Department of Pathology, YunFu People’s Hospital, Yunfu, 527300 China
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Abstract
Organ fibrosis is characterized by epithelial injury and aberrant tissue repair, where activated effector cells, mostly fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, excessively deposit collagen into the extracellular matrix. Fibrosis frequently results in organ failure and has been estimated to contribute to at least one third of all global deaths. Also lung fibrosis, in particular idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is a fatal disease with rising incidence worldwide. As current treatment options targeting fibrogenesis are insufficient, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. During the last decade, several studies have proposed to target intra- and extracellular components of the collagen biosynthesis, maturation, and degradation machinery. This includes intra- and extracellular targets directly acting on collagen gene products, but also such that anabolize essential building blocks of collagen, in particular glycine and proline biosynthetic enzymes. Collagen, however, is a ubiquitous molecule in the body and fulfils essential functions as a macromolecular scaffold, growth factor reservoir, and receptor binding site in virtually every tissue. This review summarizes recent advances and future directions in this field. Evidence for the proposed therapeutic targets and where they currently stand in terms of clinical drug development for treatment of fibrotic disease is provided. The drug targets are furthermore discussed in light of (1) specificity for collagen biosynthesis, maturation and degradation, and (2) specificity for disease-associated collagen. As therapeutic success and safety of these drugs may largely depend on targeted delivery, different strategies for specific delivery to the main effector cells and to the extracellular matrix are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt, 9150, Comprehensive Pneumology Center/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), München, Germany;
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Abstract
RNA binding proteins, through control of mRNA fate and expression, are key players of organism development. The LARP family of RBPs sharing the La motif, are largely present in eukaryotes. They classify into five subfamilies which members acquired specific additional domains, including the RRM1 moiety which teams up with the La motif to form a versatile RNA binding unit. The LARP6 subfamily has had a peculiar history during plant evolution. While containing a single LARP6 in algae and non-vascular plants, they expanded and neofunctionalized into three subclusters in vascular plants. Studies from Arabidopsis thaliana, support that they acquired specific RNA binding properties and physiological roles. In particular LARP6C participates, through spatiotemporal control of translation, to male fertilization, a role seemingly conserved in maize. Interestingly, human LARP6 also acts in translation control and mRNA transport and similarly to LARP6C which is required for pollen tube guided elongation, is necessary to cell migration, through protrusion extension. This opens the possibility that some cellular and molecular functions of LARP6 were retained across eukaryote evolution. With their peculiar evolutionary history, plants provide a unique opportunity to uncover how La-module RNA binding properties evolved and identify species specific and basal roles of the LARP6 function. Deciphering of how LARP6, in particular LARP6C, acts at the molecular level, will foster novel knowledge on translation regulation and dynamics in changing cellular contexts. Considering the seemingly conserved function of LARP6C in male reproduction, it should fuel studies aimed at deriving crop species with improved seed yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- CNRS LGDP-UMR5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
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4
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Zuo S, Wang B, Liu J, Kong D, Cui H, Jia Y, Wang C, Xu X, Chen G, Wang Y, Yang L, Zhang K, Ai D, Du J, Shen Y, Yu Y. ER-anchored CRTH2 antagonizes collagen biosynthesis and organ fibrosis via binding LARP6. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107403. [PMID: 34223653 PMCID: PMC8365266 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, mainly collagen protein, is the hallmark of organ fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms regulating fibrotic protein biosynthesis are unclear. Here, we find that chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2), a plasma membrane receptor for prostaglandin D2, is trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in fibroblasts in a caveolin-1-dependent manner. ER-anchored CRTH2 binds the collagen mRNA recognition motif of La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6 (LARP6) and promotes the degradation of collagen mRNA in these cells. In line, CRTH2 deficiency increases collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts and exacerbates injury-induced organ fibrosis in mice, which can be rescued by LARP6 depletion. Administration of CRTH2 N-terminal peptide reduces collagen production by binding to LARP6. Similar to CRTH2, bumetanide binds the LARP6 mRNA recognition motif, suppresses collagen biosynthesis, and alleviates bleomycin-triggered pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. These findings reveal a novel anti-fibrotic function of CRTH2 in the ER membrane via the interaction with LARP6, which may represent a therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Deping Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hui Cui
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghai Tech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaonan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Xin Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guilin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ding Ai
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yujun Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ying Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Ramirez-Perez FI, Woodford ML, Morales-Quinones M, Grunewald ZI, Cabral-Amador FJ, Yoshida T, Brenner DA, Manrique-Acevedo C, Martinez-Lemus LA, Chandrasekar B, Padilla J. Mutation of the 5'-untranslated region stem-loop mRNA structure reduces type I collagen deposition and arterial stiffness in male obese mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H435-H445. [PMID: 34242094 PMCID: PMC8526337 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00076.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffening, a characteristic feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Currently, no effective prophylaxis or therapeutics is available to prevent or treat arterial stiffening. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening is vital to identify newer targets and strategies to reduce CVD burden. A major contributor to arterial stiffening is increased collagen deposition. In the 5'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding for type I collagen, an evolutionally conserved stem-loop (SL) structure plays an essential role in its stability and post-transcriptional regulation. Here, we show that feeding a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 28 wk increases adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in male wild-type littermates. Moreover, arterial stiffness, assessed in vivo via aortic pulse wave velocity, and ex vivo using atomic force microscopy in aortic explants or pressure myography in isolated femoral and mesenteric arteries, was also increased in those mice. Notably, all these indices of arterial stiffness, along with collagen type I levels in the vasculature, were reduced in HFHS-fed mice harboring a mutation in the 5'SL structure, relative to wild-type littermates. This protective vascular phenotype in 5'SL-mutant mice did not associate with a reduction in insulin resistance or blood pressure. These findings implicate the 5'SL structure as a putative therapeutic target to prevent or reverse arterial stiffening and CVD associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the 5'-untranslated (UTR) regions of mRNAs encoding for type I collagen, an evolutionally conserved SL structure plays an essential role in its stability and posttranscriptional regulation. We demonstrate that a mutation of the SL mRNA structure in the 5'-UTR decreases collagen type I deposition and arterial stiffness in obese mice. Targeting this evolutionarily conserved SL structure may hold promise in the management of arterial stiffening and CVD associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David A Brenner
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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6
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Dermit M, Dodel M, Lee FCY, Azman MS, Schwenzer H, Jones JL, Blagden SP, Ule J, Mardakheh FK. Subcellular mRNA Localization Regulates Ribosome Biogenesis in Migrating Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 55:298-313.e10. [PMID: 33171110 PMCID: PMC7660134 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Translation of ribosomal protein-coding mRNAs (RP-mRNAs) constitutes a key step in ribosome biogenesis, but the mechanisms that modulate RP-mRNA translation in coordination with other cellular processes are poorly defined. Here, we show that subcellular localization of RP-mRNAs acts as a key regulator of their translation during cell migration. As cells migrate into their surroundings, RP-mRNAs localize to the actin-rich cell protrusions. This localization is mediated by La-related protein 6 (LARP6), an RNA-binding protein that is enriched in protrusions. Protrusions act as hotspots of translation for RP-mRNAs, enhancing RP synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and the overall protein synthesis in migratory cells. In human breast carcinomas, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) upregulates LARP6 expression to enhance protein synthesis and support invasive growth. Our findings reveal LARP6-mediated mRNA localization as a key regulator of ribosome biogenesis during cell migration and demonstrate a role for this process in cancer progression downstream of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dermit
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Martin Dodel
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Flora C Y Lee
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Muhammad S Azman
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hagen Schwenzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah P Blagden
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jernej Ule
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Faraz K Mardakheh
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Slocum E, Craig A, Villanueva A, Germain D. Parity predisposes breasts to the oncogenic action of PAPP-A and activation of the collagen receptor DDR2. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:56. [PMID: 31046834 PMCID: PMC6498606 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women who had children at a young age (less than 25) show a reduced overall risk of breast cancer. However, epidemiological studies showed that for all other women, pregnancy increases the risk of breast cancer and the risk remains higher for decades. Further, even in women who had children at a young age, there is a transient increase risk that peaks 6 years after pregnancy. Women diagnosed with breast cancer following pregnancy show a higher rate of metastasis. Yet, the factors that increase the predisposition of post-partum breasts to more aggressive cancers remain unknown. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a secreted protease that is overexpressed in more than 70% of breast cancers. However, PAPP-A is a collagen-dependent oncogene. We initiated this study to test the effect of PAPP-A on the predisposition of post-partum breasts. Methods We used PAPP-A mouse models for the analysis of its effect on virgin, involuting, or post-partum mammary glands. We performed second-harmonic generation microscopy for the analysis of collagen, defined tumor-associated collagen signature (TACS), the rate of mammary tumors, and the status of the collagen-DDR2-Snail axis of metastasis. We knockdown DDR2 by CRISPR and performed invasion assays. A transcriptomic approach was used to define a PAPP-A and parity-dependent genetic signature and assess its correlation with breast cancer recurrence in humans. Results We confirmed that post-partum mammary glands have a higher level of collagen than virgin glands and that this collagen is characterized by an anti-proliferative architecture. However, PAPP-A converts the anti-proliferative post-partum collagen into pro-tumorigenic collagen. We show that PAPP-A activates the collagen receptor DDR2 and metastasis. Further, deletion of DDR2 by CRISPR abolished the effect of PAPP-A on invasion. We defined a PAPP-A-driven genetic signature that identifies patients at higher risk of metastasis. Conclusions These results support the notion that information about pregnancy may be critical in the prognosis of breast cancer as passage through a single pregnancy predisposes to the oncogenic action of PAPP-A. Our data indicate that history of pregnancy combined with the expression of PAPP-A-driven genetic signature may be useful to identify patients at higher risk of metastatic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1142-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Slocum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Craig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Stefanovic L, Stefanovic B. Technology for Discovery of Antifibrotic Drugs: Phenotypic Screening for LARP6 Inhibitors Using Inverted Yeast Three Hybrid System. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2019; 17:116-127. [PMID: 30901265 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined by excessive production of type I collagen in various organs. Excessive type I collagen production in fibrosis is stimulated by binding of RNA protein LARP6 to the structural element of collagen mRNAs, the 5' stem loop (5'SL). The LARP6-dependent regulation is specific for type I collagen and critical for fibrosis development. Inhibitors of LARP6 binding have potential to be specific antifibrotic drugs, as evidenced by the discovery of one such inhibitor. To create technology for phenotypic screening of additional compounds we developed an inverted yeast three hybrid system. The system is based on expression of human LARP6 and a short RNA containing the 5'SL of human collagen α1(I) mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The cells were engineered in such a way that when LARP6 is bound to 5'SL RNA they fail to grow in a specific synthetic medium. Dissociation of LARP6 from 5'SL RNA permits the cell growth, allowing identification of the inhibitors of LARP6 binding. The assay simply involves measuring optical density of cells growing in multiwall plates and is pertinent for high throughput applications. We describe the specificity of the system and its characteristics for high throughput screening. As a proof of principle, the result of one screen using collection of FDA approved drugs is also presented. This screen demonstrates that using this technology discovery of novel LARP6 inhibitors is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Stefanovic
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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9
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Manojlovic Z, Earwood R, Kato A, Perez D, Cabrera OA, Didier R, Megraw TL, Stefanovic B, Kato Y. La-related protein 6 controls ciliated cell differentiation. Cilia 2017; 6:4. [PMID: 28344782 PMCID: PMC5364628 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-017-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background La-related protein 6 (LARP6) is an evolutionally conserved RNA-binding protein. Vertebrate LARP6 binds the 5′ stem-loop found in mRNAs encoding type I collagen to regulate their translation, but other target mRNAs and additional functions for LARP6 are unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate an additional function of LARP6 and to evaluate the importance of its function during development. Methods To uncover the role of LARP6 in development, we utilized Morpholino Oligos to deplete LARP6 protein in Xenopus embryos. Then, embryonic phenotypes and ciliary structures of LAPR6 morphants were examined. To identify the molecular mechanism underlying ciliogenesis regulated by LARP6, we tested the expression level of cilia-related genes, which play important roles in ciliogenesis, by RT-PCR or whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH). Results We knocked down LARP6 in Xenopus embryos and found neural tube closure defects. LARP6 mutant, which compromises the collagen synthesis, could rescue these defects. Neural tube closure defects are coincident with lack of cilia, antenna-like cellular organelles with motility- or sensory-related functions, in the neural tube. The absence of cilia at the epidermis was also observed in LARP6 morphants, and this defect was due to the absence of basal bodies which are formed from centrioles and required for ciliary assembly. In the process of multi-ciliated cell (MCC) differentiation, mcidas, which activates the transcription of genes required for centriole formation during ciliogenesis, could partially restore MCCs in LARP6 morphants. In addition, LARP6 likely controls the expression of mcidas in a Notch-independent manner. Conclusions La-related protein 6 is involved in ciliated cell differentiation during development by controlling the expression of cilia-related genes including mcidas. This LARP6 function involves a mechanism that is distinct from its established role in binding to collagen mRNAs and regulating their translation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13630-017-0047-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarko Manojlovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA.,Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
| | - Ryan Earwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Diana Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Oscar A Cabrera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Ruth Didier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
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Zhang Y, Stefanovic B. LARP6 Meets Collagen mRNA: Specific Regulation of Type I Collagen Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:419. [PMID: 27011170 PMCID: PMC4813270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen is the most abundant structural protein in all vertebrates, but its constitutive rate of synthesis is low due to long half-life of the protein (60-70 days). However, several hundred fold increased production of type I collagen is often seen in reparative or reactive fibrosis. The mechanism which is responsible for this dramatic upregulation is complex, including multiple levels of regulation. However, posttranscriptional regulation evidently plays a predominant role. Posttranscriptional regulation comprises processing, transport, stabilization and translation of mRNAs and is executed by RNA binding proteins. There are about 800 RNA binding proteins, but only one, La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6 (LARP6), is specifically involved in type I collagen regulation. In the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of mRNAs encoding for type I and type III collagens there is an evolutionally conserved stem-loop (SL) structure; this structure is not found in any other mRNA, including any other collagen mRNA. LARP6 binds to the 5'SL in sequence specific manner to regulate stability of collagen mRNAs and their translatability. Here, we will review current understanding of how is LARP6 involved in posttranscriptional regulation of collagen mRNAs. We will also discuss how other proteins recruited by LARP6, including nonmuscle myosin, vimentin, serine threonine kinase receptor associated protein (STRAP), 25 kD FK506 binding protein (FKBP25) and RNA helicase A (RHA), contribute to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Martino L, Salisbury NJH, Brown P, Kelly G, Atkinson RA, Conte MR. (1)H, (15)N and (13)C chemical shift assignments of the La motif and RRM1 from human LARP6. Biomol NMR Assign 2015; 9:337-40. [PMID: 25896032 PMCID: PMC4568005 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-015-9605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report here the nearly complete (1)H, (15)N and (13)C resonance assignment of the La motif and RNA recognition motif 1 of human LARP6, an RNA binding protein involved in regulating collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Martino
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Division of Molecular Structure, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Nicholas J H Salisbury
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Paul Brown
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- MRC Biomedical NMR Centre, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - R Andrew Atkinson
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Stefanovic L, Longo L, Zhang Y, Stefanovic B. Characterization of binding of LARP6 to the 5' stem-loop of collagen mRNAs: implications for synthesis of type I collagen. RNA Biol 2014; 11:1386-401. [PMID: 25692237 PMCID: PMC4615758 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2014.996467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen is composed of 2 polypeptides, α1(I) and α2(I), which fold into triple helix. Collagen α1(I) and α2(I) mRNAs have a conserved stem-loop structure in their 5' UTRs, the 5'SL. LARP6 binds the 5'SL to regulate type I collagen expression. We show that 5 nucleotides within the single stranded regions of 5'SL contribute to the high affinity of LARP6 binding. Mutation of individual nucleotides abolishes the binding in gel mobility shift assay. LARP6 binding to 5'SL of collagen α2(I) mRNA is more stable than the binding to 5'SL of α1(I) mRNA, although the equilibrium binding constants are similar. The more stable binding to α2(I) mRNA may favor synthesis of the heterotrimeric type I collagen. LARP6 needs 2 domains to contact 5'SL, the La domain and the RRM. T133 in the La domain is critical for folding of the protein, while loop 3 in the RRM is critical for binding 5'SL. Loop 3 is also involved in the interaction of LARP6 and protein translocation channel SEC61. This interaction is essential for type I collagen synthesis, because LARP6 mutant which binds 5'SL but which does not interact with SEC61, suppresses collagen synthesis in a dominant negative manner. We postulate that LARP6 directly targets collagen mRNAs to the SEC61 translocons to facilitate coordinated translation of the 2 collagen mRNAs. The unique sequences of LARP6 identified in this work may have evolved to enable its role in type I collagen biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA
- Current affiliation: Molecular Biophysics; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA
| | - Liam Longo
- Current affiliation: Molecular Biophysics; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA
- Current affiliation: Molecular Biophysics; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA
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