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Nzelu CO, Meneses C, Bowhay C, Coutinho-Abreu IV, Bennett E, Bahrami S, Bonilla B, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG, Peters NC. Disentangling detrimental sand fly-mite interactions in a closed laboratory sand fly colony: implications for vector-borne disease studies and guidelines for overcoming severe mite infestations. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:11. [PMID: 38183132 PMCID: PMC10768091 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector sand fly colonies are a critical component of studies aimed at improving the understanding of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis and alleviating its global impact. However, among laboratory-colonized arthropod vectors of infectious diseases, the labor-intensive nature of sand fly rearing coupled with the low number of colonies worldwide has generally discouraged the widespread use of sand flies in laboratory settings. Among the different factors associated with the low productivity of sand fly colonies, mite infestations are a significant factor. Sand fly colonies are prone to infestation by mites, and the physical interactions between sand flies and mites and metabolites have a negative impact on sand fly larval development. METHODS Mites were collected from sand fly larval rearing pots and morphologically identified using taxonomic keys. Upon identification, they were photographed with a scanning electron microscope. Several mite control measures were adopted in two different laboratories, one at the Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-National Institutes of Health (Rockville, MD, USA), and the other at the University of Calgary (Calgary, AB, Canada). RESULTS The mite species associated with sand fly colonies in the two laboratories were morphologically identified as Tyrophagus sp. and Stratiolaelaps scimitus. While complete eradication of mites in sand fly colonies is considered unrealistic, drastically reducing their population has been associated with higher sand fly productivity. CONCLUSIONS We report a case of detrimental interaction between sand flies and Tyrophagus sp. and S. scimitus in a closed laboratory sand fly colony, discuss their impact on sand fly production and provide guidelines for limiting the mite population size in a closed laboratory colony leading to improved sand fly yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso O Nzelu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Christina Bowhay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Emily Bennett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Somayeh Bahrami
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Brian Bonilla
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nathan C Peters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Xuan X, Fujisaki K, Yamagishi J. Draft genome sequence data of Haemaphysalis longicornis Oita strain. Data Brief 2023; 49:109352. [PMID: 37600126 PMCID: PMC10439294 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901 is one of the most well-known hard ticks because of its medical and veterinary importance. Haemaphysalis longicornis transmit a wide range of pathogens among vertebrates, affecting humans and animals in Asia and Oceania. In Japan, the tick species is a major pest of cattle because it can spread a protozoan parasite Theileria orientalis, which causes theileriosis and produces economic losses to the livestock industry (Yokoyama et al. 2012 [1]). Apart from bovine theileriosis, H. longicornis is a vector of bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia ovata, canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni, and rickettsiosis and viral diseases in humans. Its habitats are mainly Japan, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the Fiji Islands, Korea, China, and Russia (Oliver et al. 1973 [2]). In the United States, heavy H. longicornis infestations on cattle and white-tailed deer were reported in 2019, making it now one of the tick species to be an increasing threat to livestock animals and humans globally. Ticks reproduce offspring after mating with female and male ticks, however, interestingly, there are two races of H. longicornis: bisexual (diploid) and parthenogenetic (triploid) races [2]. Parthenogenetic H. longicornis is distributed throughout Japan, while the northern limit of the bisexual race is believed to be Fukushima Prefecture on Honshu Island (Fujita et al. 2013 and Kitaoka et al. 1961 [3,4]). This tick species is also considered to be of great scientific importance, and the parthenogenetic race collected in Okayama prefecture has been reared since 1961, while the bisexual race collected in Oita prefecture has been reared since 2008 under laboratory conditions in Japan (Boldbaatar et al. 2010 and Fujisaki et al. 1976 [5,6]). Namely, the "Okayama strain" and "Oita strain" of H. longicornis have been maintained for more than six decades and 15 years, respectively, stably under laboratory conditions. To obtain reference data of bisexual H. longicornis, we sequenced unfed females with haploid genomes using Illumina and MinION Q20 kit then obtained a draft genome consisting of 2.48 Gbp. The number of the contig was 98,529 and N50 was 46.5 Kb. Genome information derived from our laboratory colony of bisexual H. longicornis ticks would provide fundamental insight into understanding how different reproductive lineages occur within the same species of the tick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-5, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
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Piña FTB, da Silva Rodrigues V, de Oliveira Souza Higa L, Garcia MV, Barros JC, de León AAP, Andreotti R. Life cycle of Amblyomma mixtum (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing different hosts under laboratory conditions. Exp Appl Acarol 2017; 73:257-267. [PMID: 28889342 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amblyomma mixtum is a tick species in the Amblyomma cajennense complex. The known geographic range of A. mixtum extends from Texas in the USA to western Ecuador and some islands in the Caribbean. Amblyomma mixtum is a vector of disease agents of veterinary and public health importance. The objective of this study was to describe the life cycle of A. mixtum under laboratory conditions. Bovines, rabbits and sheep were infested with larvae, nymphs, and adult ticks under controlled conditions to assess several biological parameters. Eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults were kept in an incubator (27 °C temperature and 80% relative humidity) when they were off the host. The average life cycle of A. mixtum was 88 and 79 days when fed on rabbits and cattle, respectively. Sheep were found to be unsuitable because no ticks attached. The rabbit is a more practical host to maintain a colony of A. mixtum under laboratory conditions. The data from this study can be considered as an example for the life cycle of A. mixtum. However, caution must be exercised when making comparisons to the biology of A. mixtum in its natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tobias Barradas Piña
- Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina, UFMS - Universidade Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias INIFAP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vinicius da Silva Rodrigues
- Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina, UFMS - Universidade Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Souza Higa
- Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina, UFMS - Universidade Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Bolsista DCR Fundect, MS - Governo do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Avenida Rádio Maia, 830, Campo Grande, MS, CEP 79106-550, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Angel Pérez de León
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Avenida Rádio Maia, 830, Campo Grande, MS, CEP 79106-550, Brazil.
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