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Moreno A, Rescia AJ, Pascual S, Ortega M. Methodological approach to spatial analysis of agricultural pest dispersal in olive landscapes. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:411. [PMID: 35532854 PMCID: PMC9085683 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a Geographical Information Systems cost-distance tool for detecting landscape permeability in relation to the movement of pests in olive landscapes was established. The simplification of agricultural systems is linked to an increased incidence of pests on crops. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of different land uses surrounding olive groves on pests. In this work, we analysed the effect of the structure of the olive landscape on the movement of two main olive pests-the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the olive moth, Prays oleae (Bernard) (Lepidopetera: Praydidae). We applied linear mixed effects models to analyse the relationship between pest abundance and cost-distance, using different hypotheses to evaluate those land uses that are favourable or unfavourable for the movement of these pests. The results show that this methodology is effective in detecting possible unfavourable land uses with a barrier effect, such as woodland and artificial land uses, and favourable land uses with a corridor effect such as olive groves. Whether other land uses, such as scrubland or riverbanks, act as a barrier or corridor depends on the pest and its life cycle stage. The effect that different land uses have in maintaining low levels of pest populations and ensuring the long-term sustainability of these agricultural systems are discussed. The implications of landscape permeability for the physical structure of the landscape and the dispersal of organisms, and the potential of that landscape to impact the continuous flow of natural processes are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Moreno
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, C./ J.A. Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. J. Rescia
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, C./ J.A. Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Pascual
- Department of Plant Protection, National Institute for Agricultural Research and Experimentation, Carretera de La Coruña (A6), km. 7,5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Ortega
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, C./ J.A. Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Menchaca A, Rossi NA, Froidevaux J, Dias-Freedman I, Caragiulo A, Wultsch C, Harmsen B, Foster R, de la Torre JA, Medellin RA, Rabinowitz S, Amato G. Population genetic structure and habitat connectivity for jaguar (Panthera onca) conservation in Central Belize. BMC Genet 2019; 20:100. [PMID: 31881935 PMCID: PMC6933898 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connectivity among jaguar (Panthera onca) populations will ensure natural gene flow and the long-term survival of the species throughout its range. Jaguar conservation efforts have focused primarily on connecting suitable habitat in a broad-scale. Accelerated habitat reduction, human-wildlife conflict, limited funding, and the complexity of jaguar behaviour have proven challenging to maintain connectivity between populations effectively. Here, we used non-invasive genetic sampling and individual-based conservation genetic analyses to assess genetic diversity and levels of genetic connectivity between individuals in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We used expert knowledge and scientific literature to develop models of landscape permeability based on circuit theory with fine-scale landscape features as ecosystem types, distance to human settlements and roads to predict the most probable jaguar movement across central Belize. RESULTS We used 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify 50 individual jaguars. We detected high levels of genetic diversity across loci (HE = 0.61, HO = 0.55, and NA = 9.33). Using Bayesian clustering and multivariate models to assess gene flow and genetic structure, we identified one single group of jaguars (K = 1). We identified critical areas for jaguar movement that fall outside the boundaries of current protected areas in central Belize. We detected two main areas of high landscape permeability in a stretch of approximately 18 km between Sittee River Forest Reserve and Manatee Forest Reserve that may increase functional connectivity and facilitate jaguar dispersal from and to Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary. Our analysis provides important insights on fine-scale genetic and landscape connectivity of jaguars in central Belize, an area of conservation concern. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study demonstrate high levels of relatively recent gene flow for jaguars between two study sites in central Belize. Our landscape analysis detected corridors of expected jaguar movement between the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We highlight the importance of maintaining already established corridors and consolidating new areas that further promote jaguar movement across suitable habitat beyond the boundaries of currently protected areas. Continued conservation efforts within identified corridors will further maintain and increase genetic connectivity in central Belize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Menchaca
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA.
| | - Natalia A Rossi
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA
- The Wildlife Conservation Society, New York City, USA
| | - Jeremy Froidevaux
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anthony Caragiulo
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA
| | - Claudia Wultsch
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA
- City University of New York, New York City, USA
| | - Bart Harmsen
- Panthera, New York City, USA
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize, Belmopan, Belize
- Southampton University, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca Foster
- Panthera, New York City, USA
- Southampton University, Southampton, UK
| | - J Antonio de la Torre
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Rodrigo A Medellin
- Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salisa Rabinowitz
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA
| | - George Amato
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA.
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Kang W, Thorne JH, Kim G, Lee D, Song Y. Conserving terrestrial linkages that connect natural landscapes of the Korean Peninsula. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:385. [PMID: 31111242 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced land degradation fragments natural ecosystems, hinders ecological processes, and threatens biodiversity. Maintaining or restoring ecological flows across landscapes through landscape linkages may provide a solution. Here, we identify a peninsula-wide ecological connectivity network for the Korean Peninsula using two linkage mapping models. We found three major north-south axes of connectivity traversing the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which emerged as an important east-west linkage. Only 7% of the highest-ranked connections are currently secured by protected areas. We found 120 linkages in North and South Korea that are intersected by road networks consisting of motorways and trunk roads under both models. These locations should be the focus of immediate attention for conservation planners, as well as 274 and 1130 additional road-impacted linkages under one model or the other. The results can be used for policy support, and potentially as a basis for the two countries to engage in discussions about ecosystem health and climate change adaptation. The approach presented here can also be efficiently used to assess and map natural landscape linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmo Kang
- Department of Human Environment Design, Cheongju University, 298 Daeseong-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - James H Thorne
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - GoWoon Kim
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkun Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Song
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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