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Coren LV, Nagashima K, Ott DE. A PLPPV sequence in the p8 region of Gag provides late domain function for mouse mammary tumor virus. Virology 2019; 535:272-8. [PMID: 31357166 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The late (L) domain sequence used by mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) remains undefined. Similar to other L domain-containing proteins, MMTV p8 and p14NC proteins are monoubiquitinated, suggesting L domain function. Site-directed mutagenesis of p8, PLPPV, and p14NC, PLPPL, sequences in MMTV Gag revealed a requirement only for the PLPPV sequence in virion release in a position-dependent manner. Electron microscopy of a defective Gag mutant confirmed an L domain budding defect morphology. The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) YPDL core L domain sequence and PLPPV provided L domain function in reciprocal MMTV and EIAV Gag exchange mutants, respectively. Alanine scanning of the PLPPV sequence revealed a strict requirement for the valine residue but only minor requirements for any one of the other residues. Thus, PLPPV provides MMTV L domain function, representing a fourth type of retroviral L domain that enables MMTV Gag proteins to co-opt cellular budding pathways for release.
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Watanabe SM, Simon V, Durham ND, Kemp BR, Machihara S, Kemal KS, Shi B, Foley B, Li H, Chen BK, Weiser B, Burger H, Anastos K, Chen C, Carter CA. The HIV-1 late domain-2 S40A polymorphism in antiretroviral (or ART)-exposed individuals influences protease inhibitor susceptibility. Retrovirology 2016; 13:64. [PMID: 27600154 PMCID: PMC5011916 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p6 region of the HIV-1 structural precursor polyprotein, Gag, contains two motifs, P7TAP11 and L35YPLXSL41, designated as late (L) domain-1 and -2, respectively. These motifs bind the ESCRT-I factor Tsg101 and the ESCRT adaptor Alix, respectively, and are critical for efficient budding of virus particles from the plasma membrane. L domain-2 is thought to be functionally redundant to PTAP. To identify possible other functions of L domain-2, we examined this motif in dominant viruses that emerged in a group of 14 women who had detectable levels of HIV-1 in both plasma and genital tract despite a history of current or previous antiretroviral therapy. Results Remarkably, variants possessing mutations or rare polymorphisms in the highly conserved L domain-2 were identified in seven of these women. A mutation in a conserved residue (S40A) that does not reduce Gag interaction with Alix and therefore did not reduce budding efficiency was further investigated. This mutation causes a simultaneous change in the Pol reading frame but exhibits little deficiency in Gag processing and virion maturation. Whether introduced into the HIV-1 NL4-3 strain genome or a model protease (PR) precursor, S40A reduced production of mature PR. This same mutation also led to high level detection of two extended forms of PR that were fairly stable compared to the WT in the presence of IDV at various concentrations; one of the extended forms was effective in trans processing even at micromolar IDV. Conclusions Our results indicate that L domain-2, considered redundant in vitro, can undergo mutations in vivo that significantly alter PR function. These may contribute fitness benefits in both the absence and presence of PR inhibitor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0298-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Life Sciences Bldg., Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5222, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natasha D Durham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brittney R Kemp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1870, USA
| | - Satoshi Machihara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1870, USA
| | | | - Binshan Shi
- Department of Health Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Brian Foley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Hongru Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin K Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Weiser
- Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Cordova, CA, USA
| | - Harold Burger
- Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Cordova, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chaoping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1870, USA.
| | - Carol A Carter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Life Sciences Bldg., Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5222, USA.
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Kenney SP, Wentworth JL, Heffron CL, Meng XJ. Replacement of the hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein PxxP motif with heterologous late domain motifs affects virus release via interaction with TSG101. Virology 2015; 486:198-208. [PMID: 26457367 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) contains a "PSAP" amino acid late domain motif, which allows for interaction with the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway aiding virion release. Late domain motifs are interchangeable with other viral late domain motifs in several enveloped viruses, however, it remains unknown whether HEV shares this functional interchangeability and what implications this might have on viral replication. In this study, by substituting heterologous late domain motifs (PPPY, YPDL, and PSAA) for the HEV ORF3 late domain (PSAP), we demonstrated that deviation from the PSAP motif reduces virus release as measured by viral RNA in culture media. Virus release could not be restored by insertion of a heterologous late domain motif or by supplying wild-type ORF3 in trans, suggesting that the HEV PSAP motif is required for viral exit which cannot be bypassed by the use of alternative heterologous late domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Kenney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Connie L Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Dolnik O, Stevermann L, Kolesnikova L, Becker S. Marburg virus inclusions: A virus-induced microcompartment and interface to multivesicular bodies and the late endosomal compartment. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:323-31. [PMID: 26070789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filovirus infection of target cells leads to the formation of virally induced cytoplasmic inclusions that contain viral nucleocapsids at different stages of maturation. While the role of the inclusions has been unclear since the identification of Marburg and Ebola viruses, it recently became clear that the inclusions are the sites of viral replication, nucleocapsid formation and maturation. Live cell imaging analyses revealed that mature nucleocapsids are transported from inclusions to the filopodia, which represent the major budding sites. Moreover, inclusions recruit cellular proteins that have been shown to support the transport of nucleocapsids. For example, the tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (Tsg101) interacts with a late domain motif in the nucleocapsid protein NP and recruits the actin-nucleation factor IQGAP1. Complexes of nucleocapsids together with Tsg101 and IQGAP1 are then co-transported along actin filaments. We detected additional proteins (Alix, Nedd4 and the AAA-type ATPase VPS4) of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) that are recruited into inclusions. Together, the results suggest that nucleocapsids recruit the machinery that enhances viral budding at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we identified Lamp1 as a marker of the late endosomal compartment in inclusions, while ER, Golgi, TGN and early endosomal markers were absent. In addition, we observed that LC3, a marker of autophagosomal membranes, was present in inclusions. The 3D structures of inclusions show an intricate structure that seems to accommodate an intimate cooperation between cellular and viral components with the intention to support viral transport and budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dolnik
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Stevermann
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Kolesnikova
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Luttge BG, Panchal P, Puri V, Checkley MA, Freed EO. Mutations in the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein confer resistance to a dominant-negative fragment of Tsg101 by enhancing infectivity and cell-to-cell virus transmission. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1838:1143-52. [PMID: 24036228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Pro-Ser-Ala-Pro (PSAP) motif in the p2 domain of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Gag is required for efficient virus release, virus replication, and Gag binding to the ubiquitin-E2-variant (UEV) domain of Tsg101. As a result of this direct interaction, expression of an N-terminal fragment of Tsg101 containing the UEV domain (referred to as TSG-5') inhibits FIV release. In these respects, the FIV p2(Gag) PSAP motif is analogous to the PTAP motif of HIV-1 p6(Gag). To evaluate the feasibility of a late domain-targeted inhibition of virus replication, we created an enriched Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cell line (T5'(hi)) that stably expresses high levels of TSG-5'. Here we show that mutations in either the V3 loop or the second heptad repeat (HR2) domain of the FIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) rescue FIV replication in T5'(hi) cells without increasing FIV release efficiency. TSG-5'-resistance mutations in Env enhance virion infectivity and the cell-cell spread of FIV when diffusion is limited using a semi-solid growth medium. These findings show that mutations in functional domains of Env confer TSG-5'-resistance, which we propose enhances specific infectivity and the cell-cell transmission of virus to counteract inefficient virus release. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Viral Membrane Proteins-Channels for Cellular Networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Luttge
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Prashant Panchal
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vinita Puri
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mary Ann Checkley
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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