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Rocchi R, Zwinkels J, Kooijman M, Garre A, Smid EJ. Development of novel natto using legumes produced in Europe. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26849. [PMID: 38463896 PMCID: PMC10923668 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Natto is a traditional Japanese fermented product consisting of cooked soybeans fermented with Bacillus subtilis var. natto. We assessed three different B. subtilis strains and investigated their impact on product quality aspects, such as microbial quality, textural quality (poly-γ-glutamate strand formation), free amino acids (FAA), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but also the vitamin K1, K2 and B1 content, and presence of nattokinase. Using Bayesian contrast analysis, we conclude that the quality attributes were influenced by both the substrate and strain used, without significant differences in bacterial growth between strain or substrate. Overall, all the tested European legumes, except for brown beans, are adequate substrates to produce natto, with comparable or higher qualities compared to the traditional soy. Out of all the tested legumes, red lentils were the most optimal fermentation substrate. They were fermented most consistently, with high concentrations of vitamin K2, VOCs, FAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rocchi
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Zwinkels
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Merit Kooijman
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Garre
- Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Eddy J. Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Sánchez-García J, Muñoz-Pina S, García-Hernández J, Tárrega A, Heredia A, Andrés A. Protein digestibility and ACE inhibitory activity of fermented flours in older adults and standard gastrointestinal simulation. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114080. [PMID: 38395555 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of essential amino acids responsible for muscle protein synthesis is important in preventing sarcopenia among older individuals. This population may experience gastrointestinal disorders that inhibit protein digestibility, making it crucial to address. Therefore, solid-state fermentation (SSF) using Pleurotus ostreatus and air drying has been suggested as a means of improving the protein digestibility of lentils and quinoa. SSF combined with air drying at 70 °C resulted in a slight increase in protein hydrolysis compared to unfermented samples. SSF was found to boost the proportion of small peptides to 35 %. Following digestion, SSF and drying yielded bioactive peptides of 1400 and 450 Da, with a range of 11 % to 28 %, respectively, and peptides < 190 Da making up 60 % of the total. SSF promoted valine, leucine, and isoleucine generation; however, hot air drying reduced free amino acids due to the amino acid-reducing sugar bonding but was never lower than the initial content of its unfermented counterpart. Furthermore, SSF and drying at 70 °C improved the release of hydrophobic amino acids (>70 mg/g dry basis) and negatively charged amino acids (>20 mg/g dry basis) in lentils during digestion. The SSF samples exhibited lower angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, ≤35 %, compared to unfermented flours after digestion. However, the ACE inhibitory activity increased in SSF-dried samples, in part because of melanoidins generated during drying. Finally, lower values of protein digestibility and thus smaller peptides, amino acid profile, and ACE inhibitory activity of fermented flours were found in the older adult digestion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Sánchez-García
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Muñoz-Pina
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jorge García-Hernández
- Centro Avanzado de Microbiología de Alimentos (CAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Tárrega
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Heredia
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Saini S, Sharma P, Sharma J, Pooja P, Sharma A. Drought stress in Lens culinaris: effects, tolerance mechanism, and its smart reprogramming by using modern biotechnological approaches. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2024; 30:227-247. [PMID: 38623164 PMCID: PMC11016033 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Among legumes, lentil serves as an imperative source of dietary proteins and are considered an important pillar of global food and nutritional security. The crop is majorly cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions and exposed to different abiotic stresses. Drought stress is a polygenic stress that poses a major threat to the crop productivity of lentils. It negatively influenced the seed emergence, water relations traits, photosynthetic machinery, metabolites, seed development, quality, and yield in lentil. Plants develop several complex physiological and molecular protective mechanisms for tolerance against drought stress. These complicated networks are enabled to enhance the cellular potential to survive under extreme water-scarce conditions. As a result, proper drought stress-mitigating novel and modern approaches are required to improve lentil productivity. The currently existing biotechnological techniques such as transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas9), and detection of QTLs (quantitative trait loci), proteins, and genes responsible for drought tolerance have gained appreciation among plant breeders for developing climate-resilient lentil varieties. In this review, we critically elaborate the impact of drought on lentil, mechanisms employed by plants to tolerate drought, and the contribution of omics approaches in lentils for dealing with drought, providing deep insights to enhance lentil productivity and improve resistance against abiotic stresses. We hope this updated review will directly help the lentil breeders to develop resistance against drought stress. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Saini
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Pooja Pooja
- Department of Botany and Physiology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Papakonstantinou E, Galanopoulos K, Kapetanakou AE, Gkerekou M, Skandamis PN. Short-Term Effects of Traditional Greek Meals: Lentils with Lupins, Trahana with Tomato Sauce and Halva with Currants and Dried Figs on Postprandial Glycemic Responses-A Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Humans. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11502. [PMID: 36141773 PMCID: PMC9517682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low glycemic index (GI) diets have been associated with decreased chronic disease risk. In a randomized, cross-over study we investigated the GI and glycemic response to three traditional Greek mixed meals: Lentils, Trahana, and Halva. Twelve healthy, fasting individuals received isoglucidic test meals (25 g available carbohydrate) and 25 g glucose reference, in random order. GI was calculated and capillary blood glucose (BG) samples were collected at 0-120 min after meal consumption. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed. All three tested meals provided low GI values. Lentils GI was 27 ± 5, Trahana GI was 42 ± 6, and Halva GI was 52 ± 7 on glucose scale. Peak BG values were lowest for Lentils, followed by Trahana and then by Halva (p for all <0.05). Compared to the reference food, BG concentrations were significantly lower for all meals at all time-points (p for all <0.05). Lentils provided lower glucose concentrations at 30 and 45 min compared to Trahana (p for all <0.05) and at 30, 45, and 60 min compared to Halva (p for all <0.05). BG concentrations did not differ between Trahana and Halva at all time points. No differences were observed for fasting BG, time to peak rise for BG, and subjective appetite ratings. In conclusion, all three mixed meals attenuated postprandial glycemic response in comparison to glucose, which may offer advantages to glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 18855 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Galanopoulos
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 18855 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 75 Iera Odos, 18855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia E. Kapetanakou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 75 Iera Odos, 18855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gkerekou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 75 Iera Odos, 18855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N. Skandamis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 75 Iera Odos, 18855 Athens, Greece
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Pradana-López S, Pérez-Calabuig AM, Otero L, Cancilla JC, Torrecilla JS. Is my food safe? - AI-based classification of lentil flour samples with trace levels of gluten or nuts. Food Chem 2022; 386:132832. [PMID: 35366636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An artificial intelligence-based method to rapidly detect adulterated lentil flour in real time is presented. Mathematical models based on convolutional neural networks and transfer learning (viz., ResNet34) have been trained to identify lentil flour samples that contain trace levels of wheat (gluten) or pistachios (nuts), aiding two relevant populations (people with celiac disease and with nut allergies, respectively). The technique is based on the analysis of photographs taken by a simple reflex camera and further classification into groups assigned to adulterant type and amount (up to 50 ppm). Two different algorithms were trained, one per adulterant, using a total of 2200 images for each neural network. Using blind sets of data (10% of the collected images; initially and randomly separated) to evaluate the performance of the models led to strong performances, as 99.1% of lentil flour samples containing ground pistachio were correctly classified, while 96.4% accuracy was reached to classify the samples containing wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pradana-López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-Calabuig
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Otero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José S Torrecilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Verkempinck SHE, Duijsens D, Michels D, Guevara-Zambrano JM, Infantes-Garcia MR, Pälchen K, Grauwet T. Studying semi-dynamic digestion kinetics of food: Establishing a computer-controlled multireactor approach. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111301. [PMID: 35651061 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a multireactor system to study digestion (MuReDi) kinetics is introduced. For this, a custom-made automated system with four independent syringe pumps (BioXplorer 100, H.E.L Group) was acquired. This system consists of multiple, small-scale reactors allowing to study digestion as a function of time and thus to determine digestion kinetics. The different digestion conditions used in the oral, gastric, and small intestinal phase were based on the digestion protocols published by the INFOGEST consortium. We showed that the minimum working volume of a reactor is 30 mL. Besides, repeatability of the digestion kinetics was shown for two food systems: a liquid Ensure® Plus Vanilla drink, and a solid, cooked lentil sample. When comparing static digestion kinetics with semi-dynamic ones, a significantly different digestion pattern was observed. In the static case, a relatively fast hydrolysis rate was observed until a clear plateau was reached. Oppositely, for the semi-dynamic case, a delayed start of the hydrolysis process was noticed. In the gastric phase, this was explained by the decreasing pH and the large pH dependency of pepsin activity. In the small intestine, the lag phase was relatively shorter, yet clearly present. Here we related it to the gradual enzyme (and bile salt) secretion that had to diffuse towards the substrate before hydrolysis could start. Generally, this work showed that the MuReDi system could be used to perform a semi-dynamic digestion approach which largely impacted the overall digestion kinetics. This is important to consider in future in vitro food digestion simulation work to come closer to physiologically relevant digestion kinetics.
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Bakke AM, Wood J, Salt C, Allaway D, Gilham M, Kuhlman G, Bierer T, Butterwick R, O'Flynn C. Responses in randomised groups of healthy, adult Labrador retrievers fed grain-free diets with high legume inclusion for 30 days display commonalities with dogs with suspected dilated cardiomyopathy. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:157. [PMID: 35484585 PMCID: PMC9047289 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early responses in healthy adult dogs fed grain-free diets with high inclusion of split peas (20%) and lentils (40%) that may lead to canine diet-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were investigated. To help understand the clinical relevance of the findings, a survey of electronic health records (EHR) was conducted of dogs with and without suspected DCM for comparison. Control and Test diets were fed to Labrador retriever dogs for 30 days (n = 5 and 6, respectively). Blood and urine samples collected at baseline and days 3, 14 and 28/30 were analyzed for hematology, clinical biochemistry and taurine concentrations. The EHRs of dogs at Banfield® Pet Hospitals in the 2-year period 2018-2019 were surveyed, revealing 420 dogs diagnosed with DCM, which were compared with 420 breed, gender and age-matched healthy control dogs. Compared to baseline values, feeding the Test diet for 28 days caused progressive, significant (p < 0.001) decreases in red blood cell counts (RBC), hematocrit and total hemoglobin by 7.7, 8.3 and 6.3%, respectively, and a 41.8% increase in plasma inorganic phosphate. Commonalities in these parameters were observed in clinical DCM cases. Regarding taurine status, Test dogs transiently increased whole-blood (23.4%) and plasma (47.7%) concentrations on day 14, while taurine:creatinine ratio in fresh urine and taurine in pooled urine were reduced by 77 and 78%, respectively, on day 28/30. Thus grain-free, legume-rich Test diets caused reduced RBC and hyperphosphatemia, findings also indicated in dogs with suspected DCM. Changes in taurine metabolism were indicated. The data will aid in generating hypotheses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Bakke
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Joshua Wood
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Carina Salt
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - David Allaway
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Matt Gilham
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Butterwick
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Ciaran O'Flynn
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
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Rose DJ, Poudel R, Van Haute MJ, Yang Q, Wang L, Singh M, Liu S. Pulse processing affects gas production by gut bacteria during in vitro fecal fermentation. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110453. [PMID: 34399455 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flatulence is one barrier to pulse consumption for many people. Therefore, we examined how processing affects gas production by the microbiome in three classes of pulses. Processing did not affect gas production from Navy beans. However, in Pardina lentils and green peas, (-1.9 ± 0.3 mL/24 h, p < 0.001; -2.3 ± 0.3 mL/24 h, p < 0.001, respectively). In Pardina lentils and green peas, germination diminished carbohydrate utilization by the microbiome compared with unprocessed samples. In Pardina lentils germination reduced abundance germination resulted in the greatest reduction in gas production among six processing methods of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae and reduced propionate production compared with unprocessed samples. In green peas, germination reduced ASVs from Lachnospiraceae, including one from Roseburia, and reduced proportion of butyrate production during fermentation. Three ASVs from Clostridium sensu stricto (cluster 1), Megasphaera elsdenii, and unclassified Veillonellaceae, were strongly associated with increased gas production across all samples (ρ = 0.67-0.69, p < 0.001). This study showed that processing can reduce gas production by the microbiome in some pulses, but also reduces saccharolytic fermentation and production of beneficial microbial metabolites.
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Salazar Mercado SA, Maldonado Bayona HA. Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos using Lens culinaris Med as efficient bioindicator. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 183:109528. [PMID: 31404724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF), using L. culinaris apical cells as a biological indicator. L. culinaris seeds were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 15 mg L-1) and a control solution based on distilled water. Subsequently, root growth was measured during 24, 48 and 72 h. Therefore, the mitotic index (MI) and the number of cellular abnormalities were determined at 72 h. According to the obtained results, a decrease in root size was observed in the concentrations of T5 (8 mg L-1) and T6 (10 mg L-1). On the other hand, it was evidenced that, through all the evaluated concentrations, the inhibition of mitosis in the concentrations of T5 (8 mg L-1), T6 (10 mg L-1) and T7 (15 mg L-1) was greater than 50%. Additionally, a variety of chromosomal abnormalities were reported, such as Micronuclei, sticky chromosomes in anaphase, chromosome disruption, irregular anaphase, nucleus absence, nuclear lesions, chromosomes grouped in metaphase, anaphase bridges, metaphase sticky chromosomes, present in all concentrations evaluated. Consequently, the presence of micronuclei in the concentrations of 8 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1 and 15 mg L-1 indicates that the CPF is a highly cytotoxic substance to L. culinaris. Therefore, L. culinaris is a plant species that offers a feasible experimental model to be implemented in laboratory studies with the purpose to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado
- Department of Biology, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander. Avenida Gran Colombia No. 12E-96B Colsag. San José de Cúcuta, Colombia.
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Genangeli M, Heijens AMM, Rustichelli A, Schuit ND, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Vittori S, Siegel TP, Heeren RMA. MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Imaging to Investigate Lipid and Bile Acid Modifications Caused by Lentil Extract Used as a Potential Hypocholesterolemic Treatment. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:2041-2050. [PMID: 31385259 PMCID: PMC6805814 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to investigate systematic effects of a lentil extract treatment to lower cholesterol levels. For this purpose, mass spectrometry imaging was used to spatially investigate modifications in the lipid composition and cholesterol levels in the brain, liver, and intestines as well as bile acids in the liver and intestine of rats treated with lentil extract. Neither the lipid composition nor cholesterol levels in the brain samples were found to be significantly different between the treated and not-treated animal groups. The hypercholesterolemic livers showed signs of steatosis (lipid marker PG 36:4), but no modifications in bile acid, cholesterol, and lipid composition. We found significant differences (AUC > 0.75) in the intestines regarding bile acid and lipid composition after treatment with the lentil extract. The treated rats showed a decreased reabsorption (increased excretion) of ursodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid and an increased deconjugation of taurine-conjugated bile acids (taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, and 3-keto-taurocholic acid). This indicates that the lentil extract lowers the total cholesterol level in two synergic ways: (i) it increases the excretion of bile acids; hence, new bile acids are produced in the liver from serum cholesterol and (ii) the prebiotic effect leads to free taurine which upregulates the de novo synthesis of bile acid from cholesterol while activating LDL receptors. We demonstrate here that mass spectrometry imaging is a valuable tool for a better understanding of the effects of treatments such as for the synergistic cholesterol-lowering effect of the lentil extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Genangeli
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Annemarie M M Heijens
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Rustichelli
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje Dien Schuit
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Tiffany Porta Siegel
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Becerra-Tomás N, Díaz-López A, Rosique-Esteban N, Ros E, Buil-Cosiales P, Corella D, Estruch R, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Arós F, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Fiol M, Santos-Lozano JM, Díez-Espino J, Portoles O, Salas-Salvadó J. Legume consumption is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in adults: A prospective assessment from the PREDIMED study. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:906-913. [PMID: 28392166 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Legumes, a low-energy, nutrient-dense and low glycemic index food, have shown beneficial effects on glycemic control and adiposity. As such, legumes are widely recommended in diabetic diets, even though there is little evidence that their consumption protects against type 2 diabetes. Therefore the aim of the present study was to examine the associations between consumption of total legumes and specific subtypes, and type 2 diabetes risk. We also investigated the effect of theoretically substituting legumes for other protein- or carbohydrate-rich foods. METHODS Prospective assessment of 3349 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study without type 2 diabetes at baseline. Dietary information was assessed at baseline and yearly during follow-up. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for type-2 diabetes incidence according to quartiles of cumulative average consumption of total legumes, lentils, chickpeas, dry beans and fresh peas. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.3 years, 266 new cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. Individuals in the highest quartile of total legume and lentil consumption had a lower risk of diabetes than those in the lowest quartile (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.96; P-trend = 0.04; and HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.98; P-trend = 0.05, respectively). A borderline significant association was also observed for chickpeas consumption (HR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.46, 1.00; P-trend = 0.06). Substitutions of half a serving/day of legumes for similar servings of eggs, bread, rice or baked potato was associated with lower risk of diabetes incidence. CONCLUSIONS A frequent consumption of legumes, particularly lentils, in the context of a Mediterranean diet, may provide benefits on type 2 diabetes prevention in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN35739639). Registration date: 5th October 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Rosique-Esteban
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Buil-Cosiales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Atención Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31010 Navarra, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi i Sunyer Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, INSA-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Díez-Espino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Atención Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31010 Navarra, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
| | - Olga Portoles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Hanson M, Zahradka P, Taylor CG, Aliani M. Identification of urinary metabolites with potential blood pressure-lowering effects in lentil-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:297-308. [PMID: 27770189 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Urine samples were obtained from a previously completed study that showed lentil consumption attenuates the increase in blood pressure that occurs over time in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The objective of the present study was to compare the metabolite profile of the urine samples from control and lentil-fed SHR in relation to the compounds present in lentils but not in other pulses. METHODS The urine samples were from 17-week-old, male SHR fed semi-purified diet prepared with powder (30 %, w/w) from cooked whole pulses or a pulse-free control diet (n = 8/group) for 4 weeks. Pulse powders, control diet and urine samples were extracted using acetonitrile and analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). RESULTS Twenty-seven metabolites were significantly different in urine samples from lentil-fed SHR compared to SHR fed control diet, but only 7 were not present in the urine of SHR fed other pulses. Of these metabolites, only citrulline is linked to blood pressure regulation via production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Several arginine-related compounds that are NO synthase substrates or inhibitors were detected in lentils but not the control diet or other pulse powders. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of lentils increases the availability of arginine and several related compounds that could potentially elevate production of NO and contribute to the blood pressure-lowering effects of lentil-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hanson
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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13
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Hanson MG, Taylor CG, Wu Y, Anderson HD, Zahradka P. Lentil consumption reduces resistance artery remodeling and restores arterial compliance in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 37:30-38. [PMID: 27596012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously established that lentils were able to significantly attenuate the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), but the mechanism was not investigated. The current study was therefore designed to examine the effect of lentils on arterial function in relation to arterial stiffness, lipid biochemistry and activation of select aortic proteins. Seventeen-week-old male SHRs were randomly assigned to groups (n=10/group) fed (a) 30% w/w green lentils, (b) 30% red lentils, (c) 30% mixed lentils (red and green) or (d) no lentils for 8 weeks. Normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) groups (n=10/group) received either the mixed lentil or no lentil diet. Blood pressure, pulse wave velocity and serum lipids were measured at baseline and 8 weeks, while pressure myography, arterial morphology and aortic proteins were measured after termination. There were no dietary-related changes in pulse wave velocity or blood pressure for any SHR or WKY group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in only SHR red lentil and WKY mixed lentil groups compared to their controls. The lentil diets reduced the media:lumen ratio of SHRs relative to control-fed SHRs but had no effect on WKYs. Both red and green lentils reduced arterial stiffness of SHRs but not WKYs. SHR lentil groups showed lower aortic p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) phosphorylation, thus implying that p38MAPK activation is suppressed with lentil feeding. Lentil-based diets suppress pathological vascular remodeling in SHRs, while green lentils maintain the vascular function of SHRs similar to normotensive WKYs despite the presence of high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Hanson
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yinghong Wu
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hope D Anderson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Peñas E, Limón RI, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Restani P, Pihlanto A, Frias J. Impact of Elicitation on Antioxidant and Potential Antihypertensive Properties of Lentil Sprouts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2015; 70:401-407. [PMID: 26433888 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the application of elicitors (500 μM ascorbic acid, 50 μM folic acid, 5 mM glutamic acid and 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid) during lentil germination up to 8 days as a strategy to increase germination rate and to enhance the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenolic compounds. The effect of elicitation on the protein profile and antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of sprouted lentils was also evaluated. The application of elicitors did not negatively affect the germination yield of lentils and no significant changes on the protein pattern of lentils germinated in the presence of elicitors were observed. Chitosan/glutamic acid increased by 1.6-fold the GABA content in lentil sprouts, whilst ascorbic and folic acids as well as chitosan/glutamic acid were highly effective to enhance the total content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of sprouted lentils. All elicited lentil sprouts showed ability to inhibit ACE activity (IC50: 9.5-11.9 μg peptides/mL). Therefore, elicitation can be considered a promising approach to improve the content of compounds with antioxidant and potential antihypertensive activities in lentil sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Peñas
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío I Limón
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Patrizia Restani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Pihlanto
- Natural Resource Institute Finland (LUKE), New Business Opportunities, New Products, Services and Technology, Myllytie 1, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Juana Frias
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Krohn RM, Lemaire M, Negro Silva LF, Lemarié C, Bolt A, Mann KK, Smits JE. High-selenium lentil diet protects against arsenic-induced atherosclerosis in a mouse model. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 27:9-15. [PMID: 26500064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide, and arsenic (As) intake, mainly through drinking water, is a well-known risk factor for CVD as well as other health problems. Selenium (Se) is a known antagonist to As toxicity. OBJECTIVE We tested the potential of high-Se lentils from the Canadian prairies as a therapeutic food to alter the outcome of As-enhanced atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male ApoE(-/-) mice exposed to a moderate level of As (200ppb) in their drinking water, and control mice on tap water received one of three lentil diets: Se-deficient (0.009mg/kg), Se-adequate (0.16mg/kg) or Se-high (0.3mg/kg). After 13weeks, lesion formation in the aortic arch and sinus were assessed. Intralesional cellular composition, serum lipid levels and hepatic oxidative stress were assessed as well. RESULTS Arsenic-exacerbated plaque formation was reduced in the sinus and completely abolished in the aortic arch of mice on the Se-fortified lentil diet, whereas lesions were increased in As-exposed mice on both the Se-deficient and Se-adequate diets. Notably, Se deficiency contributed to proatherogenic composition of serum lipids in As-exposed mice as indicated by high-density lipoprotein:low-density lipoprotein. At least adequate Se status was crucial for counteracting As-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show the potential of high-Se lentils to protect against As-triggered atherosclerosis, and this invites further investigations in human populations at risk from As contamination of their drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Krohn
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Maryse Lemaire
- Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Luis F Negro Silva
- Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Catherine Lemarié
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alicia Bolt
- Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Judit E Smits
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Caprioli G, Giusti F, Ballini R, Sagratini G, Vila-Donat P, Vittori S, Fiorini D. Lipid nutritional value of legumes: Evaluation of different extraction methods and determination of fatty acid composition. Food Chem 2015; 192:965-71. [PMID: 26304436 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to contribute to the assessment of the nutritional properties of legumes by determining the fatty acid (FA) composition of 29 legume samples after the evaluation of nine extraction methods. The Folch method and liquid-solid extraction with hexane/isopropanol or with hexane/acetone were investigated, as was the effect of previous hydration of samples. Soxhlet extractions were also evaluated with different solvent mixtures. Results on FA composition using the hexane/isopropanol extraction method were the same in terms of FA composition of the Folch method, but the extraction yield was only around 20-40% of that of the Folch method preceded by hydration. Some types of legumes showed particularly interesting values for the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-6/n-3, such as lentils, with the value of 4.0, and Azuki beans, at 3.2. In lentils, the PUFAs% ranged from 42.0% to 57.4%, while in Azuki beans it was 57.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ballini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Pilar Vila-Donat
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Anguah KOB, Wonnell BS, Campbell WW, McCabe GP, McCrory MA. A blended- rather than whole-lentil meal with or without α-galactosidase mildly increases healthy adults' appetite but not their glycemic response. J Nutr 2014; 144:1963-9. [PMID: 25411033 PMCID: PMC4230209 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupting the physical structure of pulses by blending them or by using a digestive supplement (α-galactosidase) to reduce intestinal discomfort could potentially negate the previously observed beneficial effects of whole pulses of lowering appetitive and glycemic responses because of more rapid digestion. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that blended lentils, α-galactosidase, or both increase postprandial appetite and blood glucose responses vs. whole lentils. METHODS Men and women [n = 12; means ± SDs body mass index (kg/m(2)): 23.3 ± 3.1; aged 28 ± 10 y] consumed breakfast meals containing whole (W), blended (B), or no lentils [control (C)], each with 3 α-galactosidase or placebo capsules in a randomized, crossover, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Between each test day there was a 3- to 5-d washout period. RESULTS Mixed-model ANOVA showed effects of meal on postprandial appetite and glucose (P = 0.0001-0.031). The B meal resulted in higher postprandial appetite ratings than did the W meal but not the C meal for hunger, desire to eat, and prospective consumption (Δ = 0.4-0.5 points; P = 0.002-0.044). Postprandial glucose concentration was 4.5 mg/dL lower for the B meal than for the C meal (P < 0.0001) but did not differ from the W meal. There were no main effects of α-galactosidase, but there were meal × α-galactosidase interaction effects, with a greater postprandial desire to eat and lower postprandial fullness with the B meal than with the 2 other meals in the placebo condition but not in the α-galactosidase condition. CONCLUSIONS Blending lentils increased appetite (∼6%), but not glycemic response, compared with whole lentils, whereas α-galactosidase did not. Both B and W meals may be consumed (with or without an α-galactosidase supplement) with little impact on appetite, without increasing glycemic response. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02110511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherene O-B Anguah
- Departments of Nutrition Science,Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Wayne W Campbell
- Departments of Nutrition Science,Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Megan A McCrory
- Departments of Nutrition Science Psychological Sciences and the Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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Zhang B, Deng Z, Ramdath DD, Tang Y, Chen PX, Liu R, Liu Q, Tsao R. Phenolic profiles of 20 Canadian lentil cultivars and their contribution to antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Food Chem 2014; 172:862-72. [PMID: 25442631 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic extracts from 20 Canadian lentil cultivars (Lens culinaris) were evaluated for total phenolic contents and composition, antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC), and inhibitory properties against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Twenty one phenolic compounds were identified in the present study, with the majority being flavonoids, including kaempeferol glycosides, catechin/epicatechin glucosides and procyanidins. These phenolic compounds not only contributed significantly to the antioxidant activities, but they were also good inhibitors of α-glucosidase and lipase, two enzymes, respectively, associated with glucose and lipid digestion in the human intestine, thus contributing significantly to the control of blood glucose levels and obesity. More interestingly, it was the flavonols, not the flavanols, which showed the inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Our result provides supporting information for developing lentil cultivars and functional foods with improved health benefits and suggests a potential role of lentil consumption in managing weight and control of blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - D Dan Ramdath
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Yao Tang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peter X Chen
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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Zhang B, Deng Z, Tang Y, Chen P, Liu R, Ramdath DD, Liu Q, Hernandez M, Tsao R. Fatty acid, carotenoid and tocopherol compositions of 20 Canadian lentil cultivars and synergistic contribution to antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2014; 161:296-304. [PMID: 24837953 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the profile of lipophilic phytochemicals in lentils is necessary to better understand the health benefits of lentils. The fatty acid, carotenoid and tocopherol compositions and antioxidant activities of the lipophilic extracts of 20 lentil cultivars (10 red and 10 green) were therefore examined. Lentils contained 1.52-2.95% lipids, of which 77.5-81.7% were unsaturated essential fatty acids. Total tocopherols ranged from 37 to 64μg/g DW, predominantly γ-tocopherol (96-98% of the tocopherol content), followed by δ- and α-tocopherol. trans-Lutein was the primary and major carotenoid (64-78%) followed by trans-zeaxanthin (5-13%). Carotenoids and tocopherols showed weak correlation with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity (r=0.4893 and 0.3259, respectively), but good correlation when combined (r=0.6688), suggesting they may act synergistically. Carotenoids were found to contribute the most to the strong antioxidant activity measured by photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay. Results from this study contribute to the development of lentil cultivars and related functional foods with increased health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yao Tang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peter Chen
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - D Dan Ramdath
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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Abstract
Lentils have been soaked with and without light to investigate the effect of the light on carbohydrates and soluble vitamins during the soaking process. Soaking significantly decreased the α-galactoside content of lentils (3.2% to 1.2% or 1.0%). Glucose (not present in raw seeds) and fructose increased with soaking with light. Raffinose was completely eliminated in presence of light but was still present after soaking in the dark (0.15%). The overall results confirm previous findings, but the soaking process cannot be explained simply as a result of sugars leaching into the soaking media. On the contrary, some metabolic processes must be inferred, and light plays a certain role in the process. The NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents were not significantly modified by soaking with or without light. Total and digestible starch significantly increased after soaking (52% to 58% and 45% to 52%, respectively), but an influence of light was not detected. The ratio of digestible starch to total starch improved during soaking, an indication that digestibility could be enhanced after this process. No effect of light during the soaking process has been observed on the vitamin content of processed lentils. Thiamin and niacin decreased significantly with soaking as a result of leaching into the water, but riboflavin increased significantly. Again, this result may imply the onset of metabolic processes during soaking, although no light effect has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Frias
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sierra
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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