1
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Xiao S, Zhang W, Li J, Manley NR. Lin28 regulates thymic growth and involution and correlates with MHCII expression in thymic epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261081. [PMID: 37868985 PMCID: PMC10588642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are essential for T cell development in the thymus, yet the mechanisms governing their differentiation are not well understood. Lin28, known for its roles in embryonic development, stem cell pluripotency, and regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, is expressed in endodermal epithelial cells during embryogenesis and persists in adult epithelia, implying postnatal functions. However, the detailed expression and function of Lin28 in TECs remain unknown. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of Lin28 and its target Let-7g in fetal and postnatal TECs and discovered opposing expression patterns during postnatal thymic growth, which correlated with FOXN1 and MHCII expression. Specifically, Lin28b showed high expression in MHCIIhi TECs, whereas Let-7g was expressed in MHCIIlo TECs. Deletion of Lin28a and Lin28b specifically in TECs resulted in reduced MHCII expression and overall TEC numbers. Conversely, overexpression of Lin28a increased total TEC and thymocyte numbers by promoting the proliferation of MHCIIlo TECs. Additionally, our data strongly suggest that Lin28 and Let-7g expression is reliant on FOXN1 to some extent. These findings suggest a critical role for Lin28 in regulating the development and differentiation of TECs by modulating MHCII expression and TEC proliferation throughout thymic ontogeny and involution. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying TEC differentiation and highlights the significance of Lin28 in orchestrating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Xiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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2
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Li X, Morgan C, Nadar‐Ponniah PT, Kolanus W, Doetzlhofer A. TRIM71 reactivation enhances the mitotic and hair cell-forming potential of cochlear supporting cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56562. [PMID: 37492931 PMCID: PMC10481673 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear hair cell loss is a leading cause of deafness in humans. Neighboring supporting cells have some capacity to regenerate hair cells. However, their regenerative potential sharply declines as supporting cells undergo maturation (postnatal day 5 in mice). We recently reported that reactivation of the RNA-binding protein LIN28B restores the hair cell-regenerative potential of P5 cochlear supporting cells. Here, we identify the LIN28B target Trim71 as a novel and equally potent enhancer of supporting cell plasticity. TRIM71 is a critical regulator of stem cell behavior and cell reprogramming; however, its role in cell regeneration is poorly understood. Employing an organoid-based assay, we show that TRIM71 re-expression increases the mitotic and hair cell-forming potential of P5 cochlear supporting cells by facilitating their de-differentiation into progenitor-like cells. Our mechanistic work indicates that TRIM71's RNA-binding activity is essential for such ability, and our transcriptomic analysis identifies gene modules that are linked to TRIM71 and LIN28B-mediated supporting cell reprogramming. Furthermore, our study uncovers that the TRIM71-LIN28B target Hmga2 is essential for supporting cell self-renewal and hair cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jun Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Present address:
Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Charles Morgan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Prathamesh T Nadar‐Ponniah
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Angelika Doetzlhofer
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology and Center for Hearing and BalanceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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3
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Zhao X, Sang M, Han P, Gao J, Liu Z, Li H, Gu Y, Wang C, Sun F. Peptides from the croceine croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) swim bladder attenuate busulfan-induced oligoasthenospermia in mice. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:319-325. [PMID: 35148224 PMCID: PMC8843205 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2034895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The swim bladder of the croceine croaker is believed to have a therapeutic effect on various diseases. However, there is no research about its effect on mammalian spermatogenesis. OBJECTIVE We investigated the swim bladder peptides (SBPs) effect on busulfan-induced oligoasthenospermia in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first extracted SBP from protein hydrolysate of the croceine croaker swim bladder, and then five groups of ICR male mice were randomly assigned: control, control + SBP 60 mg/kg, busulfan, busulfan + SBP 30 mg/kg and busulfan + SBP 60 mg/kg. Mice received bilateral intratesticular injections of busulfan to establish oligoasthenospermia model. After treatment with SBP for 4 weeks, testis and epididymis were collected from all mice for further analysis. RESULTS After treatment with SBP 30-60 mg/kg for 4 weeks, epididymal sperm concentration and motility increased by 3.9-9.6- and 1.9-2.4-fold than those of oligoasthenospermia mice induced by busulfan. Meanwhile, histology showed that spermatogenic cells decreased, leading to increased lumen diameters and vacuolization in the busulfan group. These features were reversed by SBP treatment. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that, compared with the busulfan group, Lin28b and Igf2bp1 expression related to germ cell proliferation, increased with a >1.5-fold change after SBP treatment. Additionally, PGK2 and Cfap69 mRNAs associated with sperm motility, also increased with a >1.5-fold change. Furthermore, these findings were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported evidence for the therapeutic effect of SBP on oligoasthenospermia. SBP may be a promising drug for oligoasthenospermia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Han
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hu Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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4
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Vergani S, Yuan J. Developmental changes in the rules for B cell selection. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:194-202. [PMID: 33501672 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The autoimmune checkpoint during B cell maturation eliminates self-antigen reactive specificities from the mature B cell repertoire. However, an exception to this rule is illustrated by B-1 cells, an innate-like self-reactive B cell subset that is positively selected into the mature B cell pool in a self-antigen-driven fashion. The mechanisms by which B-1 cells escape central tolerance have puzzled the field for decades. A key clue comes from their restricted developmental window during fetal and neonatal life. Here we use B-1 cells as a prototypic early life derived B cell subset to explore developmental changes in the constraints of B cell selection. We discuss recent advancements in the understanding of the molecular program, centered around the RNA binding protein Lin28b, that licenses self-reactive B-1 cell output during ontogeny. Finally, we speculate on the possible link between the unique rules of early life B cell tolerance and the establishment of B cell - microbial mutualism to propose an integrated model for how developmental and environmental cues come together to create a protective layer of B cell memory involved in neonatal immune imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vergani
- Developmental Immunology Unit, Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joan Yuan
- Developmental Immunology Unit, Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Chae HJ, Seo JB, Kim SH, Jeon YJ, Suh SS. Fhit induces the reciprocal suppressions between Lin28/Let-7 and miR-17/92miR. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:706-714. [PMID: 33437205 PMCID: PMC7797533 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Fhit gene is known as a genome "caretaker" and frequently inactivated by deletion or hypermethylation on the promoter in several cancers. In spite of several lines of evidence, the exact mechanism underlying Fhit-induced biology is relatively less studied. This study will focus the role of Fhit in regulating Lin28 and microRNAs (miRNAs) loop. Material and Methods: To this end, we employed Fhit overexpressing isogenic cell lines to conduct miRNA nanostring array, and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, expression levels of Lin28b or miRNAs were investigated in response to the overexpression of Fhit gene in H1299 lung cancer cells. Results: A series of in vitro including gene nanostring analyses revealed that Lin28B protein was induced by Fhit gene overexpression, which consequently suppressed Let-7 miRNAs. Also, we found that miRNAs in miR-17/92 clusters are redundantly increased and there is an inverse correlation between Let-7 and miR-17/92 clusters in Fhit-expressing cells. Also, a series of in vitro experiments suggests that ELF-1- and/or STAT1-dependent Lin28b regulation is responsible for Let-7 induction in Fhit-expressing cancer cells. Conclusions: Based on the same experimental system proving that Fhit gene has a robust role in suppressing tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, our data show that Fhit mediates the negative feedback between Lin28/Let-7 axis and miR-17/-92 miRNA although the physiological relevance of current interesting observation should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jung Chae
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Lab of Animal Molecular Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea
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6
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Papadopoulou M, Sanchez Sanchez G, Vermijlen D. Innate and adaptive γδ T cells: How, when, and why. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:99-116. [PMID: 33146423 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells comprise the third cell lineage of lymphocytes that use, like αβ T cells and B cells, V(D)J gene rearrangement with the potential to generate a highly diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. There is no obvious conservation of γδ T cell subsets (based on TCR repertoire and/or function) between mice and human, leading to the notion that human and mouse γδ T cells are highly different. In this review, we focus on human γδ T cells, building on recent studies using high-throughput sequencing to analyze the TCR repertoire in various settings. We make then the comparison with mouse γδ T cell subsets highlighting the similarities and differences and describe the remarkable changes during lifespan of innate and adaptive γδ T cells. Finally, we propose mechanisms contributing to the generation of innate versus adaptive γδ T cells. We conclude that key elements related to the generation of the γδ TCR repertoire and γδ T cell activation/development are conserved between human and mice, highlighting the similarities between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
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7
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Abstract
Lin28a and Lin28b, homologs of the Caenorhabditis elegans Lin28 gene, play important roles in cell pluripotency, reprogramming, and tumorigenicity. Recently, genome-wide association and transgenic studies showed that Lin28a and/or Lin28b gene were involved in the onset of mammalian puberty, the stage representing the attainment of reproduction capacity; however, the detailed mechanism of these genes in mammalian puberty remains largely unknown. The present paper reviews the research progress on the roles of Lin28a/b genes in the onset of mammalian puberty by analyzing the results coming from gene expression patterns, mutations, and transgenic studies, and put forward possible pathways for further studies on their roles in animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zeyang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Li N, Huang L, Li Y, Chen X, Yang Y, Hou Y, Qiao C. Lin28B/miR-92b Promote the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia via the DKK1/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:815-822. [PMID: 32072603 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease unique to pregnancy and one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Our previous study found that Lin28b, an RNA-binding protein stem cell factor, is down-expressed in the placenta of preeclampsia and significantly increases the invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells in vitro. However, the mechanism of Lin28b's role is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Lin28B affects the biological behavior and vascular development of trophoblast cells through miR-92b and downstream signaling pathway DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin. Our study demonstrated that Lin28B promotes trophoblast invasion through miR-92b in HTR-8 cells. Further experiments showed that microRNA-92b could negatively regulate DKK1 expression in placental trophoblasts, thereby inhibiting the activity of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the migration and invasion of trophoblasts. Furthermore, we explored the expression of DKK1 and β-catenin in the placental tissues of preeclampsia patients and 20 healthy people. This study confirmed that Lin28 acts on DKK1 through miR-92b, which affects the expression of downstream Wnt/β-catenin, inhibits the invasion of trophoblast cells and the development of placental vasculature, and participates in the occurrence of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang Forth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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9
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Hayakawa K, Li YS, Shinton SA, Bandi SR, Formica AM, Brill-Dashoff J, Hardy RR. Crucial Role of Increased Arid3a at the Pre-B and Immature B Cell Stages for B1a Cell Generation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 30930899 PMCID: PMC6428705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lin28b+Let7− axis in fetal/neonatal development plays a role in promoting CD5+ B1a cell generation as a B-1 B cell developmental outcome. Here we identify the Let7 target, Arid3a, as a crucial molecular effector of the B-1 cell developmental program. Arid3a expression is increased at pro-B cell stage and markedly increased at pre-B and immature B cell stages in the fetal/neonatal liver B-1 development relative to that in the Lin28b−Let7+ adult bone marrow (BM) B-2 cell development. Analysis of B-lineage restricted Lin28b transgenic (Tg) mice, Arid3a knockout and Arid3a Tg mice, confirmed that increased Arid3a allows B cell generation without requiring surrogate light chain (SLC) associated pre-BCR stage, and prevents MHC class II cell expression at the pre-B and newly generated immature B cell stages, distinct from pre-BCR dependent B development with MHC class II in adult BM. Moreover, Arid3a plays a crucial role in supporting B1a cell generation. The increased Arid3a leads higher Myc and Bhlhe41, and lower Siglec-G and CD72 at the pre-B and immature B cell stages than normal adult BM, to allow BCR signaling induced B1a cell generation. Arid3a-deficiency selectively blocks the development of B1a cells, while having no detectable effect on CD5− B1b, MZ B, and FO B cell generation resembling B-2 development outcome. Conversely, enforced expression of Arid3a by transgene is sufficient to promote the development of B1a cells from adult BM. Under the environment change between birth to adult, altered BCR repertoire in increased B1a cells occurred generated from adult BM. However, crossed with B1a-restricted VH/D/J IgH knock-in mice allowed to confirm that SLC-unassociated B1a cell increase and CLL/lymphoma generation can occur in aged from Arid3a increased adult BM. These results confirmed that in fetal/neonatal normal mice, increased Arid3a at the pre-B cell and immature B cell stages is crucial for generating B1a cells together with the environment for self-ligand reactive BCR selection, B1a cell maintenance, and potential for development of CLL/Lymphoma in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Leinonen JT, Chen YC, Tukiainen T, Panula P, Widén E. Transient modification of lin28b expression - Permanent effects on zebrafish growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 479:61-70. [PMID: 30196135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies and mouse models have identified LIN28B as a gene affecting several pubertal timing-related traits and vertebrate growth. However, the exact biological mechanisms underlying the associations remain unknown. We have explored the mechanisms linking LIN28B with growth regulation by combining human gene expression data with functional models. Specifically, we show that 1) pubertal timing-associated genetic variation correlates with LIN28B expression in the pituitary and hypothalamus, 2) downregulating lin28b in zebrafish embryos associates with aberrant development of kiss2-neurons, and 3) increasing lin28b expression transiently by synthetic mRNA injections during embryogenesis results in sustained enhancement of zebrafish growth. Unexpectedly, the mRNA injections resulted in advanced sexual maturation of female fish, suggesting that lin28b may influence pubertal timing through multiple developmental mechanisms. Overall, these results provide novel insight into LIN28B function in vertebrate growth regulation, emphasizing the importance of the gene and related genetic pathways for embryonic and juvenile development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko T Leinonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
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11
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Zhang X, Liang W, Liu J, Zang X, Gu J, Pan L, Shi H, Fu M, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Qian H, Jiang P, Xu W. Long non-coding RNA UFC1 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating miR-498/ Lin28b. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:134. [PMID: 29970131 PMCID: PMC6029056 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of human cancers. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs and the mechanisms responsible for their aberrant expression in gastric cancer (GC) have not been well characterized. METHODS In this study, we examined the expression of lncRNA UFC1 in GC by qRT-PCR and explored its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. In vitro cell functional assays and in vivo animal studies were performed to determine the roles of UFC1 in GC progression. RESULTS UFC1 was elevated and predicted poorer prognosis in GC. UFC1 knockdown inhibited while UFC1 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. UFC1 bound to miR-498 to antagonize its tumor suppressive effect on Lin28b. Suppression of Lin28b by miR-498 could be rescued by UFC1 overexpression, whereas Lin28b overexpression partially rescued UFC1 knockdown-mediated inhibition of GC cell function. Lin28b expression was increased in GC and suggested a co-expression pattern with UFC1. CONCLUSIONS UFC1 has a promoting role in GC progression, at least in part, by acting as a miR-498 sponge and derepressing Lin28b expression, which would provide a novel biomarker for GC diagnosis and prognosis and offer a potential target for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Tumor Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, 30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong, 226361 Jiangsu China
| | - Xueyan Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Tumor Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, 30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong, 226361 Jiangsu China
| | - Lei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Min Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Jiangsu University, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
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12
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Zhao C, Tao Z, Xue L, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Yin ZQ. Lin28b stimulates the reprogramming of rat Müller glia to retinal progenitors. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:164-74. [PMID: 28189638 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In lower-order vertebrates, Müller glia exhibit characteristics of retinal progenitor cells, while in higher vertebrates, such as mammals, the regenerative capacity of Müller glia is limited. Recently, we reported that Lin28b promoted the trans-differentiation of Müller cells to rod photoreceptor and bipolar cells in the retina of retinitis pigmentosa rat model, whereas it is unclear whether Lin28b can stimulate the reprogramming of Müller glia in vitro for transplantation into a damaged retina. In the present study, Long-Evens rat Müller glia were infected with Adeno-Lin28b or Adeno-GFP. Over-expression of Lin28b in isolated rat Müller glia resulted in the suppression of GFAP expression, enhancement of cell proliferation and a significant increase of the expression of retinal progenitor markers 5 days after infection. Moreover, Lin28b caused a significant reduction of the Let-7 family of microRNAs. Following sub-retinal space transplantation, Müller glia-derived retinal progenitors improved b-wave amplification of 30d Royal College of Surgeons retinitis pigmentosa model (RCS-P+) rats, as detected by electroretinography (ERG) recordings. Taken together, these data suggest that the up-regulation of Lin28b expression facilitated the reprogramming of Müller cells toward characteristics of retinal progenitors.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ekin Demir
- a Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- a Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- a Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
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14
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Srivastava VK, Hiney JK, Stevener K, Dees WL. Differential Effects of Alcohol on Excitatory and Inhibitory Puberty-Related Peptides in the Basal Hypothalamus of the Female Rat. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2386-93. [PMID: 26608747 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in development of excitatory inputs along with a decline in inhibitory inputs ultimately govern the timely increased secretion of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) at the time of puberty. As chronic alcohol (ALC) exposure acts at the hypothalamic level to suppress LHRH secretion and delay puberty, we assessed its ability to differentially affect the expression of key puberty-related proteins. METHODS ALC was administered to female rats from days 27 to 33, at which time animals were killed and tissues collected for protein expression. In the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), we assessed kisspeptin (Kp) 10, an excitatory peptide critical for prepubertal LHRH secretion, and Lin28b, a peptide with an inhibitory influence on puberty. As a direct mechanism of action of Lin28b was not known, we determined whether its central administration could induce dynorphin (DYN), a peptide that is inhibitory on LHRH secretion. Also, ALC's effect on DYN protein expression was assessed, as well as its effect on DYN release in vitro. RESULTS ALC markedly suppressed (p < 0.01) the expression of the excitatory Kp protein, while at the same time increased (p < 0.001) the expression of inhibitory Lin28b protein. Subsequently, we showed for the first time that the central administration of Lin28b stimulated (p < 0.01) the synthesis of DYN. Finally, ALC also induced (p < 0.01) the protein expression and stimulated (p < 0.01) the in vitro release of DYN from the MBH. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ALC can simultaneously and differentially alter both excitatory and inhibitory influences governing pubertal development, show for the first time a mechanism of action by which Lin28b exerts its prepubertal inhibitory tone, and further demonstrate the negative influences of ALC on the pubertal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Srivastava
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jill K Hiney
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kristyn Stevener
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - William L Dees
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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15
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Abstract
Proper tissue development requires strict coordination of proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Strict coordination is particularly important for the auditory sensory epithelium, where deviations from the normal spatial and temporal pattern of auditory progenitor cell (prosensory cell) proliferation and differentiation result in abnormal cellular organization and, thus, auditory dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms involved in the timing and coordination of auditory prosensory proliferation and differentiation are poorly understood. Here we identify the RNA-binding protein LIN28B as a critical regulator of developmental timing in the murine cochlea. We show that Lin28b and its opposing let-7 miRNAs are differentially expressed in the auditory sensory lineage, with Lin28b being highly expressed in undifferentiated prosensory cells and let-7 miRNAs being highly expressed in their progeny-hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs). Using recently developed transgenic mouse models for LIN28B and let-7g, we demonstrate that prolonged LIN28B expression delays prosensory cell cycle withdrawal and differentiation, resulting in HC and SC patterning and maturation defects. Surprisingly, let-7g overexpression, although capable of inducing premature prosensory cell cycle exit, failed to induce premature HC differentiation, suggesting that LIN28B's functional role in the timing of differentiation uses let-7 independent mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate that overexpression of LIN28B or let-7g can significantly alter the postnatal production of HCs in response to Notch inhibition; LIN28B has a positive effect on HC production, whereas let-7 antagonizes this process. Together, these results implicate a key role for the LIN28B/let-7 axis in regulating postnatal SC plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Golden
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Ana Benito-Gonzalez
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Angelika Doetzlhofer
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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16
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Yang M, Yang SL, Herrlinger S, Liang C, Dzieciatkowska M, Hansen KC, Desai R, Nagy A, Niswander L, Moss EG, Chen JF. Lin28 promotes the proliferative capacity of neural progenitor cells in brain development. Development 2015; 142:1616-27. [PMID: 25922525 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have distinct proliferation capacities at different stages of brain development. Lin28 is an RNA-binding protein with two homologs in mice: Lin28a and Lin28b. Here we show that Lin28a/b are enriched in early NPCs and their expression declines during neural differentiation. Lin28a single-knockout mice show reduced NPC proliferation, enhanced cell cycle exit and a smaller brain, whereas mice lacking both Lin28a alleles and one Lin28b allele display similar but more severe phenotypes. Ectopic expression of Lin28a in mice results in increased NPC proliferation, NPC numbers and brain size. Mechanistically, Lin28a physically and functionally interacts with Imp1 (Igf2bp1) and regulates Igf2-mTOR signaling. The function of Lin28a/b in NPCs could be attributed, at least in part, to the regulation of their mRNA targets that encode Igf1r and Hmga2. Thus, Lin28a and Lin28b have overlapping functions in temporally regulating NPC proliferation during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Si-Lu Yang
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie Herrlinger
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ridham Desai
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric G Moss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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17
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Park JT, Kato M, Lanting L, Castro N, Nam BY, Wang M, Kang SW, Natarajan R. Repression of let-7 by transforming growth factor-β1-induced Lin28 upregulates collagen expression in glomerular mesangial cells under diabetic conditions. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1390-403. [PMID: 25354942 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00458.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of mesangial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen type 1-α2 (Col1a2) and collagen type 4-α1 (Col4a1) is a key feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays important roles in ECM accumulation in DN, and evidence shows a mediatory role for microRNAs. In the present study, we found that microRNA let-7 family members (let-7b/c/d/g/i) were downregulated in TGF-β-treated mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) along with upregulation of Col1a2 and Col4a1. Ectopic expression of let-7b in TGF-β-treated MMCs attenuated Col1a2 and Col4a1 upregulation. Conversely, let-7b inhibitors increased Col1a2 and Col4a1 levels. Cotransfection of MMCs with mouse Col1a2 or Col4a1 3'-untranslated region luciferase constructs and let-7b inhibitors increased luciferase activity. However, constructs with let-7 target site mutations were unresponsive to TGF-β. TGF-β-induced 3'-untranslated region activity was attenuated by let-7b mimics, suggesting that Col1a2 and Col4a1 are direct targets of let-7b. In addition, Lin28b, a negative regulator of let-7 biogenesis, was upregulated in TGF-β-treated MMCs. Luciferase assays showed that the Lin28b promoter containing the Smad-binding element (SBE) responded to TGF-β, which was abolished in constructs without SBE. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed TGF-β-induced enrichment of Smad2/3 at the Lin28b promoter, together suggesting that Lin28b is transcriptionally induced by TGF-β through SBE. Furthermore, let-7b levels were decreased, whereas Lin28b, Col1a2, and Col4a1 levels were increased, in glomeruli of diabetic mice compared with nondiabetic control mice, demonstrating the in vivo relevance of this Lin28/let-7/collagen axis. These results identify Lin28 as a new TGF-β target gene and suggest a novel role for the Lin28/let-7 pathway in controlling TGF-β-induced collagen accumulation in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Linda Lanting
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Nancy Castro
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Mei Wang
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Shinoda G, Shyh-Chang N, Soysa TYD, Zhu H, Seligson MT, Shah SP, Abo-Sido N, Yabuuchi A, Hagan JP, Gregory RI, Asara JM, Cantley LC, Moss EG, Daley GQ. Fetal deficiency of lin28 programs life-long aberrations in growth and glucose metabolism. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1563-73. [PMID: 23666760 PMCID: PMC3775935 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
LIN28A/B are RNA binding proteins implicated by genetic association studies in human growth and glucose metabolism. Mice with ectopic over-expression of Lin28a have shown related phenotypes. Here, we describe the first comprehensive analysis of the physiologic consequences of Lin28a and Lin28b deficiency in knockout (KO) mice. Lin28a/b-deficiency led to dwarfism starting at different ages, and compound gene deletions showed a cumulative dosage effect on organismal growth. Conditional gene deletion at specific developmental stages revealed that fetal but neither neonatal nor adult deficiency resulted in growth defects and aberrations in glucose metabolism. Tissue-specific KO mice implicated skeletal muscle-deficiency in the abnormal programming of adult growth and metabolism. The effects of Lin28b KO could be rescued by Tsc1 haplo-insufficiency in skeletal muscles. Our data implicate fetal expression of Lin28a/b in the regulation of life-long effects on metabolism and growth, and demonstrate that fetal Lin28b acts at least in part via mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Shinoda
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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