Abstract
Background
Pregnancy is a time for women in which the need for social support is crucial. Social support reduces stressors and improves the emotional and physical well-being of pregnant women. Women receiving low social support during pregnancy are at risk of substances use, developing mental illness, and adverse birth outcomes. The current study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of low social support during pregnancy among Australian women.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 1973–1978 cohort of Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) and those who report being pregnant (n = 493) were included in the current analyses. Social support was assessed using Medical Outcomes Study Social Support index (MOSS). A logistic regression model was applied to identify determinants of low social support, separately for each MOSS domain.
Result
The study found that 7.1% (n = 35) of pregnant women reported low social support. Significant determinants of low emotional support were non-partnered (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.27, 14.99), difficulty managing on available income (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.32), experiencing depressive symptoms (AOR = 8.5, 95% CI: 3.29, 22.27) and anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.26, 7.03). Significant determinants of low affectionate support were suffering from depressive symptoms (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.59, 17.99), having anxiety symptoms (AOR: 6.9, 95% CI: 2.21, 22.11) and being moderately/very stressed (AOR: 3, 95% CI: 1.17, 7.89). Significant determinants of low tangible support were difficulty managing available income (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.95), and being depressed (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.34).
Conclusion
The study revealed that 7.1% of pregnant women reported low social support. Having a mental health problems, being stressed, being from low socio-economic status and being non-partnered were significant determinants of low social support during pregnancy. Maternal health professionals and policymakers can use this information to screen pregnant women at risk of receiving low social support and improve the level of support being provided.
Providing strong social support improves emotional and physical well-being, strengthens social relationships, promotes health, and enhances the stress coping ability of pregnant women. However, pregnant women receiving low social support are at risk of substances use, developing mental illness, and adverse birth outcomes. The current study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of low social support during pregnancy among Australian women. Data were obtained from Survey 6 of the 1973–1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) (n = 493, pregnant women aged 34–39 years). This cohort is one of ALSWH ongoing community-based study focusing on the health of women in Australia. Social support provided for a pregnant woman was the outcome variable, assessed using the 19-item Medical Outcomes Study Social Support index (MOSS). The prevalence of low social support in each domain was calculated for each of the independent variables. A logistic regression model, using a backward stepwise elimination approach, was employed to identify determinants of low social support. In the final model, the strength of association measured by adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. From the total participant pregnant women, 7.1% of them reported low social support. Significant determinants of low social support among pregnant Australian women were, having a mental illness, being stressed and/or being from low socio-economic status and being non-partnered. Maternal health professionals can use this information to screen pregnant women at risk of receiving low social support as well as develop policy to help enhance the social support being given and the psychological wellbeing being of pregnant women.
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