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Farooqui Z, Afsar M, Rizwan S, Khan AA, Khan F. Oral administration of Nigella sativa oil ameliorates the effect of cisplatin on membrane enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative damage in rat liver. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:328-335. [PMID: 28959553 PMCID: PMC5615832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a potent anti-cancer drug widely used against solid tumors. However, it exhibits pronounced adverse effects including hepatotoxicity. Several strategies were attempted to prevent CP hepatotoxicity but were not found suitable for therapeutic application. Nigella sativa has been shown to prevent/reduce the progression of certain type of cardiovascular, kidney and liver diseases. Present study investigates whether N. sativa oil (NSO) can prevent CP induced hepatotoxic effects. Rats were divided into four groups viz. control, CP, NSO and CPNSO. Animals in CPNSO and NSO group were administered NSO (2 ml/kg bwt, orally) with or without single hepatotoxic dose of CP (6 mg/kg bwt, i.p.) respectively. CP hepatotoxicity was recorded by increased serum ALT and AST activities. CP treatment caused oxidant/antioxidant imbalances as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, the activities of various carbohydrate metabolism and membrane enzymes were altered by CP treatment. In contrast, NSO administration to CP treated rats, markedly ameliorated the CP elicited deleterious alterations in liver. Histopathological observations showed extensive liver damage in CP treated animals while greatly reduced tissue injury in CPNSO group. In conclusion, NSO appears to protect CP induced hepatotoxicity by improving energy metabolism and strengthening antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Key Words
- ACPase, acid phosphatase
- ALP, alkaline phosphatise
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferases
- Antioxidant
- BBM, brush border membrane
- BBMV, BBM vesicles
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CAT, catalase
- CP, cisplatin
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Chl, cholesterol
- Cisplatin
- FBPase, fructose 1,6
- G6PDH, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- G6Pase, glucose 6-phosphatase
- GGTase, γ-glutamyl transferase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GSHPx, glutathione peroxidise
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Glc, glucose
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HK, hexokinase
- LAP, leucine aminopeptidase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MDH, malate dehydrogenase
- ME, malic enzyme
- NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced
- NSO, Nigella sativa oil
- Nigella sativa oil
- PLs, phospholipids
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Pi, inorganic phosphate
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SH, sulfhydryl
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Scr, serum creatinine
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TR, thioredoxin reductase
- μm, micrometer
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Mohammad Afsar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Sana Rizwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
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Liu L, Chen J, Yang B, Wang Y. Oligomer-dependent and -independent chaperone activity of sHsps in different stressed conditions. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:155-62. [PMID: 25834780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of studies have proven that sHsps protect cells by inhibiting protein aggregation under heat stress, while little is known about their function to protect cells under acid stress. In this work, we show that Hsp20.1 and Hsp14.1 oligomers dissociated to smaller oligomeric species or even dimer/monomer at low pH (pH 4.0 and pH 2.0), whereas no prominent quaternary structural changes were seen at 50 °C. Both oligomers and smaller oligomeric species exhibited abilities to suppress client aggregation at low pH and at 50 °C. These results suggest that sHsps may function in different modes in different stressed conditions.
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Abstract
This review focuses on the energy metabolism during pollen maturation and tube growth and updates current knowledge. Pollen tube growth is essential for male reproductive success and extremely fast. Therefore, pollen development and tube growth are high energy-demanding processes. During the last years, various publications (including research papers and reviews) emphasize the importance of mitochondrial respiration and fermentation during male gametogenesis and pollen tube elongation. These pathways obviously contribute to satisfy the high energy demand, and there are many studies which suggest that respiration and fermentation are the only pathways to generate the needed energy. Here, we review data which show for the first time that in addition plastidial glycolysis and the balancing of the ATP/NAD(P)H ratio (by malate valves and NAD(+) biosynthesis) contribute to satisfy the energy demand during pollen development. Although the importance of energy generation by plastids was discounted during the last years (possibly due to the controversial opinion about their existence in pollen grains and pollen tubes), the available data underline their prime role during pollen maturation and tube growth.
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Key Words
- 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- 2-PGA, 2-phosphoglycerate
- 3-PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate
- ACS, acetyl-CoA synthase
- ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- AOX, alternative oxidase
- BPGA, bisphosphoglyceric acid
- ENO, enolase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GOGAT, glutamate synthase
- GPT, G-6-P/phosphate translocators
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- MDH, malate dehydrogenase
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate kinase
- NMNAT, nicotinate/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase
- NTT, ATP/ADP transporters
- OAA, oxaloacetate
- OPP, oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway
- PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate
- PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase
- PGDH, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- PK, pyruvate kinase
- PPSB, phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis
- PPT, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator
- PSP, phosphoserine phosphatase
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RPOT, T3/T7 phage-type RNA polymerases
- T, malate/oxaloacetate translocator
- TP, triose phosphate.
- energy metabolism
- malate
- plastidial glycolysis
- pollen tube growth
- respiration
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
- Correspondence to: Renate Scheibe;
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