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Khalil ZA, Herter-Aeberli I. Contribution of plant-based dairy and fish alternatives to iodine nutrition in the Swiss diet: a Swiss Market Survey. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03339-5. [PMID: 38451284 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE With dairy products and fish being major sources of iodine in Switzerland, the growing popularity of plant-based alternatives may impact iodine nutrition. This study aimed to assess the iodine content in plant-based dairy and fish alternatives available in the Swiss market and compare them with conventional products. METHODS In 2022, a market survey was conducted in Zurich, Switzerland, to identify the plant-based dairy and fish alternatives available and assess their iodine content. To evaluate the impact of plant-based alternatives on iodine consumption in Switzerland, we modeled dietary scenarios by substituting the intake of dairy and fish items with plant-based alternatives. In addition, we investigated fortification with calcium, vitamins B2, B12, and D. RESULTS Out of 477 identified products, only four milk-alternative products were iodine fortified (median iodine concentration: 22.5 μg/100 ml). The median iodine concentration in unfortified plant-based alternatives was negligible compared to conventional dairy and fish products (milk: 0.21 vs 9.5 μg/100 ml; yogurt 0.36 vs 6.1 μg/100 g; cheese: 0.10 vs 20 μg/100 g; fish 0.50 vs 44 μg/100 g). Three portions of dairy per day as recommended by the Swiss Food Pyramid provide 25% of the RDA for iodine (150 μg/day), whereas substituting those with unfortified alternatives provides only 0.7% of the RDA. CONCLUSION Only four out of 477 plant-based alternative products are iodine fortified in the Swiss market. Thus, the risk for consumers to miss out on the ca. 25% of the RDA for iodine by consuming plant-based alternatives is high, placing them at a risk for inadequate iodine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulekha Abbas Khalil
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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van Wyngaard BE, Strydom PE, Hugo A. A South African beef quality survey. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109109. [PMID: 36702065 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study a survey of various meat quality characteristics of beef loin cuts was conducted in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (Gauteng Province of South Africa) to determine the variation and consistency of beef quality of products purchased over time. Four hundred and twenty beef loin samples were collected on 20 occasions over 308 days from 13 outlets of 2 supplier types (butcher and supermarket). Packaging type, label information and price were considered for the evaluation of meat tenderness, colour, cooking loss, tissue composition and steak thickness. The results demonstrate that large variation in characteristics relevant to consumers' choice and satisfaction among and within different products sold as porterhouse steak in South Africa. In particular, muscle tenderness varied (P < 0.0001) across the 20 products and also showed significant inconsistency over the 20 purchasing events for certain products.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E van Wyngaard
- Department of Animal Science, University of Free-State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - P E Strydom
- Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa..
| | - A Hugo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Free-State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Bom FC, Sá F. Are bivalves a source of microplastics for humans? A case study in the Brazilian markets. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 181:113823. [PMID: 35752509 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a ubiquitous contaminant worldwide, damaging the environment and human health. These particles have been identified in important seafood species, which are a possible source of contamination for humans and must be investigated. This study therefore aimed to identify the concentrations of microplastics in four important species of bivalves commercialized in Brazilian markets. The presence of microplastics was identified in all bivalves, with an average concentration of 1.64 MPs/g and 10.69 MPs/ind. We concluded that bivalves are a source of microplastics for the Brazilian population. However, further studies must evaluate other species sold in different regions of the country, estimating microplastics ingested by this population through bivalves. Finally, this contamination must be controlled by regulations such as mandatory depuration, in which can effectively minimize this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cavalca Bom
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental (LabGAm), Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Fabian Sá
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental (LabGAm), Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Boonchai W, Pruksaeakanan C, Wongdama S, Bunyavaree M, Kumpangsin T, Chaiyabutr C. Trends in formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releaser contact allergies as compared with market exposure in Thailand. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 88:18-26. [PMID: 35838492 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers (FRs) are common preservatives in cosmetics and household products. Their contact allergy trends are decreasing in Europe and America, but trend data for Asia are limited. OBJECTIVES The first objective was to determine the prevalences of and trends in contact allergies to formaldehyde and FRs. The second objective was to establish how often formaldehyde and FRs were mentioned on the labels of products sold in the Thai market. METHODS Twenty years of data on patch test results for formaldehyde and FRs were reviewed. Their frequency of mention on the labels of 5855 products was analyzed. RESULTS The trends in contact allergy to formaldehyde and FRs were decreasing. The overall prevalence of formaldehyde contact allergy was 2.5%. The most common FR to cause contact allergy was quaternium-15. Formaldehyde and FRs were identified as ingredients in 10.2% of the products surveyed. Dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin was the most common FR (5.2%). The highest use of formaldehyde and FRs (15.5%) was in hair care products. CONCLUSIONS Although contact allergy trends in Thailand were decreasing, the proportion of products with FRs remained high. Comprehensive and universal legislation is needed to control the presence of formaldehyde and FRs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranya Boonchai
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutipon Pruksaeakanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supisara Wongdama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monthathip Bunyavaree
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Titinun Kumpangsin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayada Chaiyabutr
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tan R, Chew S, Cleanthous X, Anastasiou K, Brooker PG, Pham T, Smith BPC. Assessment of artificial and natural sweeteners present in packaged non-alcoholic beverages (NABs) sold on the Singapore market. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1866. [PMID: 34654404 PMCID: PMC8520227 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New Nutri-Grade labelling, aimed at reducing Singaporeans’ sugar consumption will be implemented for all pre-packaged non-alcoholic beverages (NABs) sold in retail outlets from end 2021 onwards. It is expected such labelling will have a major impact on sugar content of beverages, as well as the replacement of sugar with non-caloric alternatives. Methods This study used product label data obtained from in-store surveys to investigate sugar and sweetener composition of NABs present on the Singapore market. Using this data we calculated products prospective Nutri-Grade classification in order to compare the current market composition with relation to sugar and/or sweetener use. Results Over half of the NABs on market were sweetened with sugar (59%) and were associated with less healthy Nutri-Grades of ‘C’ and ‘D’. The use of natural sweeteners; Stevia and Monk fruit, remains low (6%). Conclusion With continuous efforts by the government in promoting public health nutrition, it is expected that there will be a greater usage of sugar substitutes among NABs in response to the upcoming implementation of Nutri-Grade and ever-fluctuating consumers’ demands. The data collected in this study provide a point estimate (July–September 2020) on market composition and use of both sugar and artificial sweeteners in beverages prior to integration of the mandatory labelling requirements. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11924-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Tan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation & Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.
| | - Sharon Chew
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation & Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Xenia Cleanthous
- Health & Biosecurity, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Kimberley Anastasiou
- Health & Biosecurity, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Paige G Brooker
- Health & Biosecurity, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Theresa Pham
- National Heart Foundation Australia, Docklands, VIC, 3008, Australia
| | - Benjamin P C Smith
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation & Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,Future Ready Food Safety Hub, C/O School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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Geertsma IP, Françozo M, van Andel T, Rodríguez MA. What's in a name? Revisiting medicinal and religious plants at an Amazonian market. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2021; 17:9. [PMID: 33546714 PMCID: PMC7866673 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of an increasing number of ethnobotanical market surveys in the past decades, few studies compare changes in plant species trade over time. The open-air market Ver-o-Peso (VOP) in Belém, located near the mouth of the Amazon River in the state of Pará, Brazil, is known for its wide variety of medicinal plants. A survey of VOP was published in 1984, but it remains unknown to what extent its botanical composition changed over 34 years. Furthermore, in northern Brazil, little attention has been given to the origins of the vernacular names of these plants. Our aim is to give an up-to-date overview of the VOP medicinal plant market, concentrating on changes in species composition and vernacular names over time. METHODS We collected medicinal plants and vernacular names at VOP in August 2018. We identified most plants at the Museo Paraense Emilio Goeldi Herbarium, where we also deposited vouchers and specimen labels. We compared our species composition data to the 1984 inventory by Van den Berg. Furthermore, we investigated the etymologies of the vernacular plant names. RESULTS We recorded 155 plant specimens and 165 corresponding vernacular names, and collected 146 specimens from the medicinal and ritual stalls of VOP reporting 86 species formerly not recorded at this market. Vernacular names had mostly Portuguese roots, followed by Tupi and African ones. We found 30 species also documented in 1984, and vernacular names that overlapped between both surveys were used for the same botanical species or genus, indicating that vernacular names have changed little in the past decades. Lastly, we found 26 more introduced species sold at VOP compared to 1984. CONCLUSIONS Forest degradation and deforestation, prevalence of diseases, and methodological factors may play a role in the differences we found in our survey compared to 1984. Of the plants that did overlap between the two surveys, vernacular names of these plants were hardly different. Lastly, the lingual origins of the vernacular names in our survey and the origins of the plant species reflect the history of the intricate syncretism of medicinal plant practices of indigenous, Afro-Brazilian and European origins in Belém.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pombo Geertsma
- Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariana Françozo
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden, 2333 CC, the Netherlands
- PI ERC BRASILIAE project, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tinde van Andel
- Clusius chair in History of Botany and Gardens, IBL, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
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Cho Y, Shim WJ, Jang M, Han GM, Hong SH. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in market bivalves from South Korea. Environ Pollut 2019; 245:1107-1116. [PMID: 30682745 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic contamination in marine organisms is a growing environmental issue with implications for seafood safety. Among marine organisms, shellfish are considered to be an important route of human exposure to microplastics because they filter a large volume of seawater while feeding and, thus, accumulate microplastics from seawater; furthermore, they are consumed whole, without gut removal. In this study, a market survey was carried out to understand microplastic contamination in domestic bivalves sold in fishery markets in three major cities of South Korea. Four popular bivalve species, oyster (Crassostrea gigas), mussel (Mytilus edulis), Manila clam (Tapes philippinarum) and scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), were selected as monitoring species, which together account for 79-84% of total shellfish consumption in Korea. The mean concentration of microplastics in these four species was 0.15 ± 0.20 n/g and 0.97 ± 0.74 n/individual. Fragments and particles smaller than 300 μm were dominant shape and size, accounting for 76% and 65% of total microplastics, respectively. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyester were the major polymer types. Interestingly, differing polymer compositions were observed according to the culture methods and habitat characteristics of each species. PS was found in high proportions in oysters and mussels cultured in the upper layer of the water column, while the proportions decreased and those of polyester increased in Manila clams and scallops that were cultured in intertidal sediments or the middle and bottom layers of the water column. The annual dietary intake of microplastics by the Korean population via shellfish consumption was estimated as 212 n/person·year. Our results suggested that microplastic pollution is widespread in commercial bivalves and we recommend a systematic and integrative market-basket survey to clarify the current status of human exposure to microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youna Cho
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Myung Han
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hong
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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van Andel T, Fundiko MCC. The Trade in African Medicinal Plants in Matonge-Ixelles, Brussels (Belgium). Econ Bot 2016; 70:405-415. [PMID: 28179733 PMCID: PMC5258814 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-016-9365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining cultural identity and preference to treat cultural bound ailments with herbal medicine are motivations for migrants to continue using medicinal plants from their home country after moving to Europe and the USA. As it is generally easier to import exotic food than herbal medicine, migrants often shift to using species that double as food and medicine. This paper focuses on the trade in African medicinal plants in a Congolese neighborhood in Brussels (Belgium). What African medicinal plants are sold in Matonge, where do they come from, and to which extent are they food medicines? Does vendor ethnicity influence the diversity of the herbal medicine sold? We hypothesized that most medicinal plants, traders, and clients in Matonge were of Congolese origin, most plants used medicinally were mainly food crops and that culture-bound illnesses played a prominent role in medicinal plant use. We carried out a market survey in 2014 that involved an inventory of medicinal plants in 19 shops and interviews with 10 clients of African descent, voucher collection and data gathering on vernacular names and uses. We encountered 83 medicinal plant species, of which 71% was primarily used for food. The shredded leaves of Gnetum africanum Welw., Manihot esculenta Crantz, and Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam were among the most frequently sold vegetables with medicinal uses. Cola nuts, shea butter, Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., and Mondia whitei (Hook.f.). Skeels were the main non-food medicines sold. Women's health, aphrodisiacs, and rituals were the most important medicinal applications, but culture-bound ailments did not entirely dominate the plant uses. While most clients in Matonge were Congolese, most vendors and plant species were not. The Pakistanis dominated the food trade, and typical Congolese plants were sometimes replaced by West African species, creating confusion in vernacular names. African-managed shops had significantly more species of medicinal plants in stock than shops managed by Pakistanis. Almost all non-food herbal medicine was sold by Africans. Apart from informal shops, non-food herbal medicine was also sold from private homes and by ambulant vendors, probably to reduce costs and escape taxes and control by the authorities. We expect that in the future, increasing rent, strict regulations, and decreasing investments by the Congolese community will force the medicinal plant trade in Matonge to go even more underground.
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Brombach CC, Manorut P, Kolambage-Dona PPP, Ezzeldin MF, Chen B, Corns WT, Feldmann J, Krupp EM. Methylmercury varies more than one order of magnitude in commercial European rice. Food Chem 2016; 214:360-365. [PMID: 27507486 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rice is known to accumulate methylmercury (MeHg) in the rice grains. MeHg as a neurotoxin impacts on the human central nervous systems and especially on the developing brain. In this exploratory study, 87 commercial rice products sold in Europe, including nine baby-rice products, were analyzed for total Hg and MeHg content. MeHg concentration in all rice products investigated range from 0.11 to 6.45μgkg(-1) with an average value of 1.91±1.07μgkg(-1) and baby-rice is not significantly different from other rice products. Total Hg ranges from 0.53 to 11.1μgkg(-1) with an average of 3.04±2.07μgkg(-1). MeHg concentrations in all rice products studied in this work would not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). 30% of all commercial market rice products exceeded 10% of the PTWI calculated for toddlers or 13% of products for adults with rice based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Cornelius Brombach
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Meston Walk, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom; PS Analytical, Arthur House, Crayfields Industrial Estate, Main Road, Orpington, Kent BR5 3HP, United Kingdom
| | - Parinda Manorut
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Meston Walk, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Piumi P P Kolambage-Dona
- PS Analytical, Arthur House, Crayfields Industrial Estate, Main Road, Orpington, Kent BR5 3HP, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Farouk Ezzeldin
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Meston Walk, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom; Environmental Health Department, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Chen
- PS Analytical, Arthur House, Crayfields Industrial Estate, Main Road, Orpington, Kent BR5 3HP, United Kingdom
| | - Warren T Corns
- PS Analytical, Arthur House, Crayfields Industrial Estate, Main Road, Orpington, Kent BR5 3HP, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Meston Walk, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Krupp
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Meston Walk, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.
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Norton GJ, Williams PN, Adomako EE, Price AH, Zhu Y, Zhao FJ, McGrath S, Deacon CM, Villada A, Sommella A, Lu Y, Ming L, De Silva PMCS, Brammer H, Dasgupta T, Islam MR, Meharg AA. Lead in rice: analysis of baseline lead levels in market and field collected rice grains. Sci Total Environ 2014; 485-486:428-434. [PMID: 24742552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In a large scale survey of rice grains from markets (13 countries) and fields (6 countries), a total of 1578 rice grain samples were analysed for lead. From the market collected samples, only 0.6% of the samples exceeded the Chinese and EU limit of 0.2 μg g(-1) lead in rice (when excluding samples collected from known contaminated/mine impacted regions). When evaluating the rice grain samples against the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) provisional total tolerable intake (PTTI) values for children and pregnant women, it was found that only people consuming large quantities of rice were at risk of exceeding the PTTI from rice alone. Furthermore, 6 field experiments were conducted to evaluate the proportion of the variation in lead concentration in rice grains due to genetics. A total of 4 of the 6 field experiments had significant differences between genotypes, but when the genotypes common across all six field sites were assessed, only 4% of the variation was explained by genotype, with 9.5% and 11% of the variation explained by the environment and genotype by environment interaction respectively. Further work is needed to identify the sources of lead contamination in rice, with detailed information obtained on the locations and environments where the rice is sampled, so that specific risk assessments can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Norton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB 24 3UU, Scotland, UK.
| | - Paul N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Adam H Price
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB 24 3UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Yongguan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Steve McGrath
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Claire M Deacon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB 24 3UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Antia Villada
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB 24 3UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Alessia Sommella
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB 24 3UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Ying Lu
- South China Agricultural University, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Ming
- Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | | | - Hugh Brammer
- 37 Kingsway Court, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2LP, UK
| | - Tapash Dasgupta
- Calcutta University, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata 700 019, West Bengal, India
| | - M Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew A Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK
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