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Kunze S, Perrier P, Groll R, Besser B, Varoutis S, Lüttge A, Graur I, Thöming J. Rarefied gas flow in functionalized microchannels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8559. [PMID: 38609441 PMCID: PMC11014946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of rarefied gases with functionalized surfaces is of great importance in technical applications such as gas separation membranes and catalysis. To investigate the influence of functionalization and rarefaction on gas flow rate in a defined geometry, pressure-driven gas flow experiments with helium and carbon dioxide through plain and alkyl-functionalized microchannels are performed. The experiments cover Knudsen numbers from 0.01 to 200 and therefore the slip flow regime up to free molecular flow. To minimize the experimental uncertainty which is prevalent in micro flow experiments, a methodology is developed to make optimal use of the measurement data. The results are compared to an analysis-based hydraulic closure model (ACM) predicting rarefied gas flow in straight channels and to numerical solutions of the linearized S-model and BGK kinetic equations. The experimental data shows that if there is a difference between plain and functionalized channels, it is likely obscured by experimental uncertainty. This stands in contrast to previous measurements in smaller geometries and demonstrates that the surface-to-volume ratio of 0.4 μ m- 1 seems to be too small for the functionalization to have a strong influence and highlights the importance of geometric scale for surface effects. These results also shed light on the molecular reflection characteristics described by the TMAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kunze
- Chemical Process Engineering CVT, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Pierre Perrier
- IUSTI UMR 7343, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13453, Marseille, France
| | - Rodion Groll
- Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Postfach 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Besser
- Chemical Process Engineering CVT, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stylianos Varoutis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Lüttge
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences MARUM, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str. 2-4, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Irina Graur
- IUSTI UMR 7343, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13453, Marseille, France.
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering CVT, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Postfach 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
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Huang Y, Lenhart JJ. The dependence in microcystin removal with powdered activated carbon on variant properties, carbon properties, and dissolved organic matter. Chemosphere 2024; 351:141205. [PMID: 38219990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is commonly used by water treatment plants to remove harmful cyanotoxins such as microcystins (MCs) produced during seasonal harmful algal blooms. MC removal by PAC depends upon the properties of the PAC, the properties of the MC variant, and the presence and properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). To identify which of these factors has the greatest impact on the removal of MC by PAC, we evaluated the removal of four different MC variants (MC-LR, MC-LA, MC-RR and desmethylated MC-RR) by three different PAC types (wood-based, coal-blend and coal-based). The role of DOM properties was evaluated using DOM isolated from two different sources, a terrestrial source (Suwannee River Fulvic Acid, SRFA) and a microbial source (Grand Lake St Marys DOM, GLSM). The results of adsorption experiments conducted over a period of 72 h demonstrated the wood-based PAC, which had the highest surface area and mesopore volume of the PAC tested, had the highest adsorption rate and capacity for all four MC variants. Of the variants studied, neutrally charged MC-RR was adsorbed more rapidly and to a greater extent on all of the PAC types than were the other variants. Although MC-LA and MC-LR had the greatest hydrophobicity, their negative charges resulted in their being adsorbed the least. As expected, DOM inhibited microcystin adsorption to PAC. The degree of inhibition, however, did not significantly vary for the two DOM types evaluated, indicating the properties of the DOM on MC adsorption to PAC was less important than the PAC properties or MC variant properties. Overall, PAC properties were a more important factor in MC removal than were the MC properties or DOM conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Huang
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - John J Lenhart
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA.
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Waqas M, Ahmad H. Trapping of heavy metal ions from electroplating wastewater with phosphorylated double-shelled hollow spheres. Chemosphere 2024; 350:140968. [PMID: 38147924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The mesoporous multi-shelled hollow structures are promising for trapping of non-degradable heavy metal ions in wastewater but difficult to synthesize. We successfully demonstrated a simple strategy for the construction of mesopore windows on double-shelled α-Fe2O3 hollow spheres. A step-by-step proof of concept synthesis mechanism has been revealed by using mainly electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. We proved that mesopore windows are indispensable to realize the complete surface coverage of phosphonate ligands on α-Fe2O3 double-shelled hollow spheres. The phosphonic groups inherently coordinated with Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions and formed complexes of high stability. Importantly, owing to the structural merits, the phosphorylated double-shelled hollow spheres selectively removes Ni(II) and Cu(II) at wider sample pH range with a high capacity of 380 mg g-1 and 410 mg g-1, respectively. In addition, no significant decrease in the removal efficiency was observed under high salt matrix. For electroplating industry wastewater, the novel structure performs simultaneous Ni(II) and Cu(II) removal, thus producing effluent of stable quality that meets local discharge regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hilal Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Luo S, Sun X, Zhang L, Miao Y, Yan G. Preparation of room-temperature phosphorescence-ratiometric fluorescence magnetic mesoporous imprinted microspheres and its application in detection of malachite green and tartrazine in multimatrix. Food Chem 2024; 430:137096. [PMID: 37562263 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescent properties of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots were fully exploited, and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP)-ratiometric fluorescence (RF) magnetic mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymers (PFMM-MIPs) were prepared by integrating molecular imprinting technology. RTP was used to detect malachite green (MG). The fluorescence at 420 nm and the peak at 590 nm in the fluorescence mode were used as the response reference signals respectively to detect tartrazine (TZ). The linear responsive range and detection limit of MG were 0.01-150 μM and 4.3 nM, and these of TZ were 0.05-80 μM and 23.7 nM. RTP, which can avoid the interference of background fluorescence, and RF with self-calibration ability can both largely weaken the matrix effect. This work enables single-probe-type MIPs to achieve dual-target analysis via RTP and RF. This method provides excellent sensitivity, specificity, recovery and recyclability, and is expected to be prospectively applied in the fields of food, environment and biological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China; Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Yanming Miao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Guiqin Yan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
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Janjua TI, Cao Y, Kleitz F, Linden M, Yu C, Popat A. Silica nanoparticles: A review of their safety and current strategies to overcome biological barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115115. [PMID: 37844843 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNP) have gained tremendous attention in the recent decades. They have been used in many different biomedical fields including diagnosis, biosensing and drug delivery. Medical uses of SNP for anti-cancer, anti-microbial and theranostic applications are especially prominent due to their exceptional performance to deliver many different small molecules and recently biologics (mRNA, siRNA, antigens, antibodies, proteins, and peptides) at targeted sites. The physical and chemical properties of SNP such as large specific surface area, tuneable particle size and porosity, excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility make them an ideal drug delivery and diagnostic platform. Based on the available data and the pre-clinical performance of SNP, recent interest has driven these innovative materials towards clinical application with many of the formulations already in Phase I and Phase II trials. Herein, the progress of SNP in biomedical field is reviewed, and their safety aspects are analysed. Importantly, we critically evaluate the key structural characteristics of SNP to overcome different biological barriers including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), skin, tumour barrier and mucosal barrier. Future directions, potential pathways, and target areas towards rapid clinical translation of SNP are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Iqbal Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mika Linden
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Gnanasekaran L, Manoj D, Rajendran S, Gracia F, Jalil AA, Chen WH, Soto-Moscoso M, Gracia-Pinilla MA. Mesoporous NiO/Ni 2O 3 nanoflowers for favorable visible light photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol. Environ Res 2023; 236:116790. [PMID: 37517483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights the treatment of industrial effluent, which is one of the most life-threatening factors. Herein, for the first time, two types of NiO (green and black) photocatalysts were prepared by facile chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition methods separately. The synthesized NiO materials were demonstrated with various instrumental techniques for finding their characteristics. The X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of Ni2O3 in black NiO material. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images engrained the nanospherical shaped green NiO and nanoflower shaped black NiO/Ni2O3 materials. Further, the band gap of black NiO nanoflower was 2.9 eV compared to green NiO having 3.8 eV obtained from UV-vis spectroscopy. Meanwhile, both NiO catalysts were employed for visible light degradation, which yields a 60.3% efficiency of black NiO comparable to a 4.3% efficiency of green NiO within 180 min of exposure. The higher degrading efficiency of black NiO was due to the presence of Ni2O3 and the development of pores, which was evident from the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. Type IV hysteresis was observed in black NiO nanoflowers with high surface area and pore size measurements. This black NiO/Ni2O3 synthesized from the thermal decomposition method has promoted better photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol upon exposure to visible light and is applicable for other industrial pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Devaraj Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - F Gracia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, 6th Floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - A A Jalil
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | | | - M A Gracia-Pinilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Av. Universidad, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico; University of Twente, Mesoscale Chemical System, MESA+ Institute, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
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Liu DW, Ji L, Nie Y, Li Y, Xu L, Liu JQ, Xue G. Facile and controllable preparation of carbon microsphere for electro-driven nitrogen reduction: Accommodating nitrogen doping with hierarchical porous structure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:995-1004. [PMID: 36571861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Driven by sustainable electricity, electrochemical nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions is considered as a promising strategy to generate low-concentrated NH3/NH4+. Under the principle of doping and porous engineering, nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere with hierarchical pores (NC-HP) is fabricated via pyrolyzing polymer microsphere. Hierarchical structure with macro-, meso- and micropores is obtained by assembling melamine/phenol-formaldehyde oligomers in Pickering droplets, with the assistance of triblock copolymer Pluronic F127. The regularity of mesopores is strongly affected by melamine to phenol mass ratio. For NC-HP, nitrogen content (N-content) in the carbon matrix can reach as high as 19.1 wt%, yet trade-off effect is observed between N-content and regularity of mesopores. As consequence, NC-HP-3 with N-content of 15.6 wt% and distinct mesopores exhibits the highest catalytic performance. At -0.5 V vs. RHE, NH3/NH4+ production rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE) value reach 15.6 μg∙mgcat.-1∙h-1 and 15.5%, respectively. It shows excellent recyclability, and no degradations are observed with respect to morphology and porous structure. In this hierarchical porous structure, mesopores are expected to facilitate mass transfer for both electrolyte ions and nitrogen, and hence catalytic active sites (e.g. pyrrolic- and pyridinic-N species) in hierarchically mutually connected pores can be well utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Most for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Lei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Ave., Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Yan Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Most for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Research Center for Fine Chemicals Engineering, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Most for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Ave., Xi'an 710127, PR China.
| | - Ganglin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Ave., Xi'an 710127, PR China
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lei Y, Lu H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Li J. Tailoring diameters of carbon nanofibers with optimal mesopores to remarkably promote hemin adsorption toward ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A. Food Chem 2022; 383:132628. [PMID: 35413765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a worldwide used endocrine disrupting chemical that can migration from food containers and packaging, resulting in bioaccumulation of BPA in humans and causing adverse health effects. Porous electrodes have been proved with large surface areas and high sensing abilities in electrochemical detection of BPA. However, how to tailor the pore sizes to further improve the sensing performance is still a great challenge. Here, we delicately tailored the diameters of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by adjusting electrospinning parameters to have optimal mesopore structure for strong adsorption of hemin that has been demonstrated with high electrocatalytic activity for BPA sensing. Benefiting from the optimal mesopores structure of CNFs and the synergistic effect of hemin and CNFs, this hemin@CNFs based sensor achieves an ultrahigh sensitivity of 40.97 μA cm-2 μM-1, a low detection limit of 3.1 nM and satisfactory recoveries from 90.2% to 104.2% in the direct detection of BPA in liquors. This work offers a promising sensing platform for ultrasensitive monitoring of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanan Lei
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Zhang W, Zhang W, Pan YT, Yang R. Facile synthesis of transition metal containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane complexes with mesoporous structures and their applications in reducing fire hazards, enhancing mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy composites. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123439. [PMID: 32763718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal (Co or Fe) containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane complexes (M@POSS-COOH) were prepared from octa carboxyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OC-POSS). The structures of OC-POSS and M@POSS-COOH were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, MALDI-TOF MS and XRD. Fe@POSS-COOH and Co@POSS-COOH possess mesoporous structures, whose Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (SBET) are 58.7 m2/g and 46.3 m2/g, respectively. The remaining carboxyl groups of M@POSS-COOH that can react with epoxy groups along with the mesoporous structure increase the network strength of the epoxy resin (EP), and play a significant role in improving the mechanical properties, dielectric properties and thermal properties of the composites. Furthermore, the elemental composition of transition metal and silicon oxygen in the M@POSS-COOH structures significantly increases the amount of char residues of EP composites during the combustion of the material through elements catalysis and surface enrichment, which significantly reduces the toxic smoke density and fire hazards of EP composites. The structural and elemental merits of M@POSS-COOH significantly improve the overall performance of epoxy resin and occupy broad application space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ye-Tang Pan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Piña-Salazar EZ, Sakai T, Ōsawa E, Futamura R, Kaneko K. Unusual hygroscopic nature of nanodiamonds in comparison with well-known porous materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 549:133-139. [PMID: 31029841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamond aggregates have interparticle pores of 4.5 nm on average, exhibiting porous nature involved in their water storage. This work studies the hygroscopic nature of porous nanodiamond aggregates by water absorption based on liquid water droplets. Nanodiamond aggregates show hydrophobicity from the water vapor adsorption. Surprisingly, porous nanodiamond aggregates quickly absorb water droplets at the bulk scale. The volume of absorbed liquid water is comparable to that of the water-absorbing clay Montmorillonite and higher than those of zeolites ZSM-5 and molecular sieve 5A. This hygroscopic nature of nanodiamonds is ascribed to the micro- and mesoporous structure of their aggregates and the special core-shell structure of each nanodiamond particle (wrapped by graphene-like carbon). The absorption rate of liquid water in the porous nanodiamonds is influenced by the surface wettability, while the hygroscopic capacity depends mainly on the hierarchical porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshio Sakai
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Eiji Ōsawa
- Nano-Carbon Research Institute, Ltd., Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Futamura
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kaneko
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
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Liu G, Zhang Z, Yan C, Wang Y, Ma X, Gao P, Feng Y. Adsorption of estrone with few-layered boron nitride nanosheets: Kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism. Chemosphere 2018; 207:534-542. [PMID: 29843030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride Nanosheets (BNNSs) was fabricated with a method of heating the mixture of boric acid and urea in N2 atmosphere and used to remove estrone (E1) from water. The obtained BNNSs exhibited a higher surface area of 896 m2/g, a large pore volume of 0.76 cm3/g, and only few layers (0.398 nm) with the boric acid and urea ratio of 1:80. The layer number of BNNSs decreased from 15 to 4 with the mole ratio of boric acid and urea decreasing from 1:20 to 1:80, which was identified by SEM, TEM, AFM and BET measurements. More importantly, BNNSs presented an outstanding adsorption performance for estrone with the adsorption capacity of 249.15 mg E1/g BNNSs. The adsorption process could be best fitted by pseudo second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium data at different temperatures were well fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamics analysis revealed that E1 adsorption on BNNSs was spontaneous (ΔG = -29.33 kJ mol-1), enthalpy-retarded (ΔH = 29.75 kJ mol-1), entropy-driven (ΔS = 198.26 J mol-1 K-1), and mostly chemical adsorption. The adsorption rates of E1 in water were sharply enhanced with thinner BNNSs as absorbents and removal efficiency by BN-60 regenerated after 6 times was above 95%, it was shown that the surface areas, mesopores and remarkable structure played important roles in the adsorption process. The firmness of E1 onto BNNSs and the stability of adsorption efficiency made BNNSs as a potential absorbent for efficient removal of E1 from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Chen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xuerui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
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Shao Y, Ren B, Jiang H, Zhou B, Lv L, Ren J, Dong L, Li J, Liu Z. Dual-porosity Mn 2O 3 cubes for highly efficient dye adsorption. J Hazard Mater 2017; 333:222-231. [PMID: 28359038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dual-porosity materials containing both macropores and mesopores are highly desired in many fields. In this work, we prepared dual-porosity Mn2O3 cube materials with large-pore mesopores, in which, macropores are made by using carbon spheres as the hard templates, while the mesopores are produced via a template-free route. The attained dual-porosity Mn2O3 materials have 24nm of large-pore mesopores and 700nm of macropores. Besides, the achieved materials own cubic morphologies with particle sizes as large as 6.0μm, making them separable in the solution by a facile natural sedimentation. Dye adsorption measurements reveal that the dual-porosity materials possess a very high maximum adsorption capacity of 125.6mg/g, much larger than many reported materials. Particularly, the adsorbents can be recycled and the dye removal efficiency can be well maintained at 98% after four cycles. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics show that the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model can well describe the adsorption process of Congo Red on the dual-porosity Mn2O3 cube materials. In brief, the reported dual-porosity Mn2O3 demonstrates a good example for controlled preparation of dual-porosity materials with large-pore mesopores, and the macropore-mesopore dual-porosity distribution is good for mass transfer in dye adsorption application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiu Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Bin Ren
- Institute of Energy Resources, Hebei Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050081, China; Hebei Engineer Research Center for Water Saving in Industry, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050081, China.
| | - Hanmei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Bingjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Liping Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China; Research Center for Environmental Monitoring, Hazard Prevention of Three Gorges Reservoir, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingzheng Ren
- Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, NielsBohrsAllé 1, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Lichun Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Zhenfa Liu
- Institute of Energy Resources, Hebei Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050081, China; Hebei Engineer Research Center for Water Saving in Industry, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050081, China.
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Yin J, Yuan T, Lu Y, Song K, Li H, Zhao G, Yin Y. Effect of compression combined with steam treatment on the porosity, chemical compositon and cellulose crystalline structure of wood cell walls. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:163-172. [PMID: 27702500 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The changes of porosity, chemical composition and cellulose crystalline structure of Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) wood cell walls due to compression combined with steam treatment (CS-treatment) were investigated by nitrogen adsorption, confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. A number of slit-shaped mesopores with a diameter of 3.7nm was formed for the CS-treated wood, and more mesopores were found in the steam-treated wood. CRM results revealed cellulose structure was affected by treatment and β-aryl-ether links associated to guaiacyl units of lignin was depolymerized followed by re-condensation reactions. The crystallinity index (CrI) and crystallite thickness (D200) of cellulose for CS-treated wood were largely increased due to crystallization in the semicrystalline region. Higher degree of increase in both CrI and D200 was observed in both the earlywood and latewood of steam-treated wood, ascribing to the greater amount of mesopores in steam-treated wood than CS-treated wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Yin
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tongqi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Kunlin Song
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Hanyin Li
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangjie Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yafang Yin
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Bhuvaneshwari S, Gopalakrishnan N. Hydrothermally synthesized Copper Oxide (CuO) superstructures for ammonia sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 480:76-84. [PMID: 27416288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
According to environmental protection agencies (EPA), the emission threshold of NH3 in air is 1000kg/yr which is now about 20Tg/yr. Hence, there is a rapid increase in need of NH3 sensors to timely detect and control NH3 emissions. Metal oxide nanostructures such as CuO with special features are potential candidates for NH3 sensing. In the present study, morphology controlled 3-dimensional CuO superstructures were synthesized by surfactant-free hydrothermal method for NH3 detection. In addition to conventional hydrothermal method where water as solvent, a modified approach using a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (EG) was used as solvent to control the growth process. Hierarchical superstructures namely, snowflake-like, flower-like, hollow-sphere-like and urchin-like feature with particle dimensions ranging from 0.3 to 1μm were obtained by varying water/EG ratio and reaction temperature. The synthesized nanostructures exhibited morphology dependent luminescence and gas sensing properties. The surface area and pore distribution determined by BET surface analysis also largely influenced by the presence of EG in the reaction system. The average pore diameter enhanced from 6nm to 14nm by the addition of 10ml EG as solvent. The room temperature ammonia sensing behavior of all samples was studied using an indigenous gas sensing set-up. It was found that hollow-sphere like CuO nanostructures showed a maximum sensitivity of 150% towards 600ppm ammonia with a response and recovery time of 6min. The hydrothermal synthesis strategy reported here has the advantage of producing shape controlled hierarchical materials are highly suitable for various technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhuvaneshwari
- Thin Film Lab, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India
| | - N Gopalakrishnan
- Thin Film Lab, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India.
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Redding AM, Cannon FS. The role of mesopores in MTBE removal with granular activated carbon. Water Res 2014; 56:214-224. [PMID: 24681276 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This activated carbon research appraised how pore size and empty-bed contact time influenced the removal of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) at part-per-billion (ppb) concentrations when MTBE was the sole organic impurity. The study compared six granular activated carbons (GACs) from three parent sources; these GACs contained a range of pore volume distributions and had uniform slurry pHs of 9.7-10.4 (i.e. the carbons' bulk surface chemistries were basic). Several of these activated carbons had been specifically tailored for enhanced sorption of trace organic compounds. In these tests, MTBE was spiked into deionized-distilled water (∼pH 7); MTBE loading was measured by isotherms and by rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) that simulated full-scale empty-bed contact times of 7, 14, and 28 min. The results showed that both ultra-fine micropores and small-diameter mesopores were important for MTBE adsorption. Specifically, full MTBE loading during RSSCTs bore a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.94) to the product (mL/g × mL/g) of pore volume ≤4.06 Å wide and pore volume between ∼22 Å and ∼59 Å wide. This correlation was greater than for the product of any other pore volume combinations. Also, this product exhibited a stronger correlation than for just one or the other of these two pore ranges. This multiplicative relationship implied that both of these pore sizes were important for the optimum GAC performance of these six carbons (i.e. favorable mass transfer coupled with favorable sorption). The authors also compared MTBE mass loading during RSSCTs (μg MTBE/g GAC) to isotherm capacity (μg MTBE/g GAC). This RSSCT loading "efficiency" ranged from 28% to 96% for the six GACs; this efficiency correlated most strongly to pores that were 14-200 Å wide (R(2) = 0.94). This correlation indicated that only those carbons with a sufficient volume of 14-200 Å pores could adsorb MTBE to the extent that would be predicted from isotherm data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Redding
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Fred S Cannon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
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