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Jumpajan J, Chaiyadet S, Saichua P, Tangkawatana S, Talabnin K, Laha T, Suttiprapa S. Recombinant protein production and functional analysis of a M60-like-2 metallopeptidase enzyme from the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106429. [PMID: 38185343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mucin plays a crucial role in safeguarding mucosal tissues by obstructing the translocation of microorganisms. Mucosal tissue-dwelling parasites must devise a strategy to surmount this mucin barrier in order to establish colonization. In a recent discovery, it was observed that the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini secretes two mucinases, namely Ov-M60-like-1 and Ov-M60-like-2. Ov-M60-like-1 was previously characterized. Here, we study the Ov-M60-like-2 by utilizing the wheat germ expression system to produce recombinant proteins and conducted a functional analysis of its enzymatic activity on bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM). Subsequently, we delved deeper into understanding the role of this enzyme in host-parasite interactions by evaluating its mucinase activity on mucins from the bile duct of O. viverrini-infected hamsters. Through successful production of recombinant proteins using the wheat germ expression system, we observed that this enzyme displayed mucinase activity over a wide pH range (pH 2 to pH 10) against BSM. Our investigations revealed it ability to digest mucin from the bile duct. These findings suggest that Ov-M60-like-2 possess a mucinase activity, together with Ov-M60-like-1, enabling the liver fluke to successful colonization of the host's bile duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Jumpajan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Health Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawatana
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Krajang Talabnin
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Lima AKC, Elias CGR, Oliveira SSC, Santos-Mallet JR, McCann M, Devereux M, Branquinha MH, Dutra PML, Santos ALS. Anti-Leishmania braziliensis activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and its Cu(II) and Ag(I) complexes. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3273-85. [PMID: 34363115 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, included in the priority list of the WHO, remains as a neglected disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. There is no vaccine available for human leishmaniasis, and the current treatment is based on old drugs that cause serious side effects. Herein, we initially studied the cellular distribution of the virulence factor gp63, the major metallopeptidase, in a virulent strain of Leishmania braziliensis, and then we measured the inhibitory effects of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), and its metal complexes, [Cu(phendione)3](ClO4)2.4H2O and [Ag(phendione)2]ClO4, on both cellular and extracellular metallopeptidases produced by promastigotes. The action of the three compounds on parasite viability and on parasite-macrophage interaction was also determined. Gp63 molecules were detected in several parasite compartments, including the cytoplasm, the membrane lining the cell body and flagellum, and in the flagellar pocket, which explains the presence of gp63 in the culture medium. The test compounds inhibited parasite metallopeptidases in a typical dose-dependent manner, and they also caused a significant and irreversible inhibition of parasite motility. Moreover, the pre-treatment of promastigotes with the test compounds induced a decrease in the association index with macrophages. Collectively, phendione and its Cu(II) and Ag(I) complexes are excellent prototypes for the development of new anti-L. braziliensis drugs.
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3
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König S, Steinebrey N, Herrnberger M, Escolano-Lozano F, Schlereth T, Rebhorn C, Birklein F. Reduced serum protease activity in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme and carboxypeptidases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114307. [PMID: 34392129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) occurs in about 2% of patients after fracture of the limbs. In an earlier clinical study with 102 probands we have shown that the serum protease network in CRPS might be less effective. Based on these results we hypothesized that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and carboxypeptidase N (CPN) activity contribute to the differences of labeled bradykinin (DBK) degradation by patients' sera. Details of the enzymatic processes remained however unclear. The contributions of ACE and CPN in the serum degradation of DBK were studied using specific inhibitors. CPN1-ELISA was performed in serum. It was confirmed that the majority of DBK was degraded by ACE and CPN. The data delivered proof that the ACE serum activity was lowered in CRPS. High-resolution mass spectrometry was additionally used for protein expression analysis of sera of above study cohort (CRPS vs. healthy probands). According to principal component analysis of these data, significant differences between CRPS and control samples only occurred in sera of females younger than 46 years. In these CRPS patients, a number of defence / immunity-related proteins and members of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) protein network were regulated. The impact of CPN in CRPS pathophysiology is subject to further investigation. The data support the hypothesis that both the RAS and the innate immune system might be affected in CRPS. A database of regulated serum proteins was established for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Nico Steinebrey
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Myriam Herrnberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabiola Escolano-Lozano
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schlereth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Deutsche Klinik Für Diagnostik, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Cora Rebhorn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Agrawal R, Goyal VD, Singh R, Kumar A, Jamdar SN, Kumar A, Makde RD. Structural basis for the unusual substrate specificity of unique two-domain M1 metallopeptidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:304-313. [PMID: 31923495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
M1 metallopeptidases regulate many important biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumour growth, hormone regulation, and immune cell development. Knowledge of substrate specificity mechanism in this family is valuable. An M1 peptidase from Deinococcus radiodurans (M1dr) with preference for bulky hydrophobic residues at N-terminus of peptide substrates was recently reported. In contrast to Escherichia coli aminopeptidase N, a previously characterized M1 peptidase, M1dr exhibits reduced activity towards peptides with N-terminal Arg or Ala residue. In order to illuminate structural basis of substrate specificity, we report several crystal structures of M1dr with different amino acids bound to the active site. Structural analysis indicated that the enzyme makes subtle adjustments to multiple residues leading to significant volume change of the active site cavity to accommodate residues of varying sizes (Leu to Trp). This study further reveals that the low preference for Arg at N-terminus of peptide substrate arises from a non-productive conformation in which many of the Arg molecules bind where they block the proton donor essential for the peptidase reaction. Hence, this study illuminates the substrate-binding mechanism and also reveals the structural basis for the substrate specificity of M1dr enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Agrawal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Venuka Durani Goyal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sahayog N Jamdar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Ravindra D Makde
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Agrawal R, Goyal VD, Kumar A, Gaur NK, Jamdar SN, Kumar A, Makde RD. Two-domain aminopeptidase of M1 family: Structural features for substrate binding and gating in absence of C-terminal domain. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:51-60. [PMID: 31351924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc metallopeptidases of the M1 family (M1 peptidases) with unique metal binding motif HEXXH(X)18E regulate many important biological processes such as tumor growth, angiogenesis, hormone regulation, and immune cell development. Typically, these enzymes exist in three-domain [N-terminal domain (N-domain), catalytic domain, and C-terminal domain (C-domain)] or four-domain (N-domain, catalytic domain, middle domain, and C-domain) format in which N-domain and catalytic domain are more conserved. The C-domain plays important roles in substrate binding and gating. In this study we report the first structure of a two-domain (N-domain and catalytic domain) M1 peptidase at 2.05 Å resolution. Despite the lack of C-domain, the enzyme is active and prefers peptide substrates with large hydrophobic N-terminal residues. Its substrate-bound structure was determined at 1.9 Å resolution. Structural analyses supported by site directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations reveal structural features that could compensate for the lack of C-domain. A unique loop insertion (loop A) in the N-domain has important roles in gating and desolvation of active site. Three Arg residues of the catalytic domain are involved in substrate-binding roles typically played by positively charged residues of C-domain in other M1 peptidases. Further, its unique exopeptidase sequence motif, LALET, creates a more hydrophobic environment at the S1 subsite (which binds N-terminal residue of the substrate in aminopeptidases) than the more common GXMEN motif in the family. This leads to high affinity for large hydrophobic residues in the S1 subsite, which contributes towards efficient substrate binding in absence of C-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Agrawal
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India; High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Venuka Durani Goyal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Neeraj K Gaur
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sahayog N Jamdar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Ravindra D Makde
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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6
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Szóstek-Mioduchowska AZ, Baclawska A, Okuda K, Skarzynski DJ. Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on endometrial collagen and metallopeptidase expression during the course of equine endometrosis. Cytokine 2019; 123:154767. [PMID: 31265984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Equine endometrosis (endometrial fibrosis) is a degenerative chronic process that occurs in the uterus of the mare and disturbs proper endometrial function. Fibrosis is attributed to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The turnover of ECM is mediated by matrix metallopeptidases (MMP). Previously, it was shown that cytokines modulate MMP expression in other tissues and may regulate fibrosis indirectly by attracting inflammatory cells to the site of inflammation and directly on various tissues. However, the regulation of MMP expression in equine endometrosis is still relatively unknown. Thus, our aim was to determine if interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 regulate ECM, MMPs, or their inhibitors (TIMPs) and whether this regulation differs during endometrosis in the mare. Endometrial fibrosis was divided into four categories according to severity: I (no degenerative changes), IIA (mild degenerative changes), IIB (moderate degenerative changes) and III (severe degenerative changes) according to Kenney and Doig classification. Endometrial explants (n = 5 for category I, IIA, IIB and III according to Kenney and Doig) were incubated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) or IL-6 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Secretion and mRNA transcription of collagen type 1 (Col1a1) and type 3 (Col3a1), fibronectin (Fn1), Mmp-1, -2, -3, -9, -13, Timp-1, -2 were analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. IL-1β treatment up-regulated secretion of COL1, MMP-2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 in category I endometrial fibrosis tissues (P < 0.05). IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of ECM, MMP-2, and MMP-3 and down-regulated secretion of MMP-9 in category I tissues (P < 0.05). In category IIA tissues, IL-1β and IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of COL3 (P < 0.05; P < 0.05), and IL-6 treatment also down-regulated secretion of MMP-9 (P < 0.05). In category IIB tissues, IL-1β treatment down-regulated secretion of COL3 (P < 0.05) and up-regulated secretion of MMP-3 (P < 0.01), while IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 (P < 0.05). In category III tissues, IL-1β treatment up-regulated secretion of COL1, MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 (P < 0.05), and IL-6 up-regulated secretion of all investigated ECM components, MMPs and TIMPs. These results reveal that the effect of IL-1β and IL-6 on equine endometrium differs depending on the severity of endometrial fibrosis. Our findings indicate an association between inflammation and development of endometrosis through the effect of IL-1β and IL-6 on expression of ECM components, MMPs, and TIMPs in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - A Baclawska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Okuda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Science, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - D J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Barinka C, Novakova Z, Hin N, Bím D, Ferraris DV, Duvall B, Kabarriti G, Tsukamoto R, Budesinsky M, Motlova L, Rojas C, Slusher BS, Rokob TA, Rulíšek L, Tsukamoto T. Structural and computational basis for potent inhibition of glutamate carboxypeptidase II by carbamate-based inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:255-264. [PMID: 30552009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of carbamate-based inhibitors of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) were designed and synthesized using ZJ-43, N-[[[(1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl]amino]carbonyl]-l-glutamic acid, as a molecular template in order to better understand the impact of replacing one of the two nitrogen atoms in the urea-based GCPII inhibitor with an oxygen atom. Compound 7 containing a C-terminal 2-oxypentanedioic acid was more potent than compound 5 containing a C-terminal glutamic acid (2-aminopentanedioic acid) despite GCPII's preference for peptides containing an N-terminal glutamate as substrates. Subsequent crystallographic analysis revealed that ZJ-43 and its two carbamate analogs 5 and 7 with the same (S,S)-stereochemical configuration adopt a nearly identical binding mode while (R,S)-carbamate analog 8 containing a d-leucine forms a less extensive hydrogen bonding network. QM and QM/MM calculations have identified no specific interactions in the GCPII active site that would distinguish ZJ-43 from compounds 5 and 7 and attributed the higher potency of ZJ-43 and compound 7 to the free energy changes associated with the transfer of the ligand from bulk solvent to the protein active site as a result of the lower ligand strain energy and solvation/desolvation energy. Our findings underscore a broader range of factors that need to be taken into account in predicting ligand-protein binding affinity. These insights should be of particular importance in future efforts to design and develop GCPII inhibitors for optimal inhibitory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Zora Novakova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Niyada Hin
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Daniel Bím
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Dana V Ferraris
- McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster MD 21157, United States
| | - Bridget Duvall
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Gabriel Kabarriti
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Reiji Tsukamoto
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Milos Budesinsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Motlova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Camilo Rojas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Tibor András Rokob
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, Hungary
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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8
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Arolas JL, García-Castellanos R, Goulas T, Akiyama Y, Gomis-Rüth FX. Expression and purification of integral membrane metallopeptidase HtpX. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 99:113-8. [PMID: 24769134 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the catalytic mechanism of integral membrane (IM) peptidases. HtpX is an IM metallopeptidase that plays a central role in protein quality control by preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the membrane. Here we report the recombinant overexpression and purification of a catalytically ablated form of HtpX from Escherichia coli. Several E. coli strains, expression vectors, detergents, and purification strategies were tested to achieve maximum yields of pure and well-folded protein. HtpX was successfully overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells using a pET-derived vector attaching a C-terminal His8-tag, extracted from the membranes using octyl-β-d-glucoside, and purified to homogeneity in the presence of this detergent in three consecutive steps: cobalt-affinity, anion-exchange, and size-exclusion chromatography. The production of HtpX in milligram amounts paves the way for structural studies, which will be essential to understand the catalytic mechanism of this IM peptidase and related family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Arolas
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel García-Castellanos
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theodoros Goulas
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Pavlicek J, Ptacek J, Cerny J, Byun Y, Skultetyova L, Pomper MG, Lubkowski J, Barinka C. Structural characterization of P1'-diversified urea-based inhibitors of glutamate carboxypeptidase II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2340-5. [PMID: 24731280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urea-based inhibitors of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) have advanced into clinical trials for imaging metastatic prostate cancer. In parallel efforts, agents with increased lipophilicity have been designed and evaluated for targeting GCPII residing within the neuraxis. Here we report the structural and computational characterization of six complexes between GCPII and P1'-diversified urea-based inhibitors that have the C-terminal glutamate replaced by more hydrophobic moieties. The X-ray structures are complemented by quantum mechanics calculations that provide a quantitative insight into the GCPII/inhibitor interactions. These data can be used for the rational design of novel glutamate-free GCPII inhibitors with tailored physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Pavlicek
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ptacek
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, South Korea
| | - Lubica Skultetyova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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10
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Sapio MR, Fricker LD. Carboxypeptidases in disease: insights from peptidomic studies. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:327-37. [PMID: 24470285 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidases (CPs) perform many diverse physiological functions by removing C-terminal amino acids from proteins and peptides. Some CPs function in the degradation of proteins in the digestive tract while other enzymes play biosynthetic roles in the formation of neuropeptides and peptide hormones. Another set of CPs modify tubulin by removing amino acids from the C-terminus and from polyglutamyl side chains, thereby altering the properties of microtubules. This review focuses on three CPs: carboxypeptidase E, carboxypeptidase A6, and cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1. Naturally occurring mutations in all three of these enzymes are associated with disease phenotypes, ranging from obesity to epilepsy to neurodegeneration. Peptidomics is a useful tool to investigate the relationship between these mutations and alterations in peptide levels. This technique has also been used to define the function and characteristics of CPs. Results from peptidomics studies have helped to elucidate the function of CPs and clarify the biological underpinnings of pathologies by identifying peptides altered in disease states. This review describes the use of peptidomic techniques to gain insights into the normal function of CPs and the molecular defects caused by mutations in the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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López-Pelegrín M, Cerdà-Costa N, Martínez-Jiménez F, Cintas-Pedrola A, Canals A, Peinado JR, Marti-Renom MA, López-Otín C, Arolas JL, Gomis-Rüth FX. A novel family of soluble minimal scaffolds provides structural insight into the catalytic domains of integral membrane metallopeptidases. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21279-21294. [PMID: 23733187 PMCID: PMC3774397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for structural models of integral-membrane metallopeptidases (MPs), we discovered three related proteins from thermophilic prokaryotes, which we grouped into a novel family called "minigluzincins." We determined the crystal structures of the zymogens of two of these (Pyrococcus abyssi proabylysin and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii projannalysin), which are soluble and, with ∼100 residues, constitute the shortest structurally characterized MPs to date. Despite relevant sequence and structural similarity, the structures revealed two unique mechanisms of latency maintenance through the C-terminal segments previously unseen in MPs as follows: intramolecular, through an extended tail, in proabylysin, and crosswise intermolecular, through a helix swap, in projannalysin. In addition, structural and sequence comparisons revealed large similarity with MPs of the gluzincin tribe such as thermolysin, leukotriene A4 hydrolase relatives, and cowrins. Noteworthy, gluzincins mostly contain a glutamate as third characteristic zinc ligand, whereas minigluzincins have a histidine. Sequence and structural similarity further allowed us to ascertain that minigluzincins are very similar to the catalytic domains of integral membrane MPs of the MEROPS database families M48 and M56, such as FACE1, HtpX, Oma1, and BlaR1/MecR1, which are provided with trans-membrane helices flanking or inserted into a minigluzincin-like catalytic domain. In a time where structural biochemistry of integral-membrane proteins in general still faces formidable challenges, the minigluzincin soluble minimal scaffold may contribute to our understanding of the working mechanisms of these membrane MPs and to the design of novel inhibitors through structure-aided rational drug design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar López-Pelegrín
- From the Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona
| | - Núria Cerdà-Costa
- From the Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona
| | - Francisco Martínez-Jiménez
- the Genome Biology Group, Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmic, c/Baldiri Reixac, 4, 08028 Barcelona,; the Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation, c/Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona
| | - Anna Cintas-Pedrola
- From the Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona
| | - Albert Canals
- the Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, and
| | - Juan R Peinado
- From the Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona
| | - Marc A Marti-Renom
- the Genome Biology Group, Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmic, c/Baldiri Reixac, 4, 08028 Barcelona,; the Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation, c/Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joan L Arolas
- From the Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona,.
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- From the Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona,.
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