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Dera KSM, Dieng MM, Moyaba P, Ouedraogo GMS, Pagabeleguem S, Njokou F, Ngambia Freitas FS, de Beer CJ, Mach RL, Vreysen MJB, Abd-Alla AMM. Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota. Parasite 2023; 30:62. [PMID: 38117272 PMCID: PMC10732139 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are vectors of the tropical neglected diseases sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. The elimination of these diseases is linked to control of the vector. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method that has been shown to be effective when applied in an area-wide integrated pest management approach. However, as irradiated males conserve their vectorial competence, there is the potential risk of trypanosome transmission with their release in the field. Analyzing the interaction between the tsetse fly and its microbiota, and between different microbiota and the trypanosome, might provide important information to enhance the fly's resistance to trypanosome infection. This study on the prevalence of Spiroplasma in wild populations of seven tsetse species from East, West, Central and Southern Africa showed that Spiroplasma is present only in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides. In G. tachinoides, a significant deviation from independence in co-infection with Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma spp. was observed. Moreover, Spiroplasma infections seem to significantly reduce the density of the trypanosomes, suggesting that Spiroplasma might enhance tsetse fly's refractoriness to the trypanosome infections. This finding might be useful to reduce risks associated with the release of sterile males during SIT implementation in trypanosome endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiswend-Sida M Dera
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture 1400 Vienna Austria
- Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT) 01 BP 1087 Bobo Dioulasso 01 Burkina Faso
| | - Mouhamadou M Dieng
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture 1400 Vienna Austria
- Université Gaston Berger Saint Louis Senegal
| | - Percy Moyaba
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture 1400 Vienna Austria
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR) Pretoria South Africa
| | - Gisele MS Ouedraogo
- Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT) 01 BP 1087 Bobo Dioulasso 01 Burkina Faso
| | - Soumaïla Pagabeleguem
- Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT) 01 BP 1087 Bobo Dioulasso 01 Burkina Faso
- University of Dedougou B.P. 176 Dédougou 01 Burkina Faso
| | - Flobert Njokou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I Po. Box 812 Yaoundé Cameroon
| | | | - Chantel J de Beer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture 1400 Vienna Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Marc JB Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture 1400 Vienna Austria
| | - Adly MM Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture 1400 Vienna Austria
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Ouedraogo GMS, Demirbas-Uzel G, Rayaisse JB, Gimonneau G, Traore AC, Avgoustinos A, Parker AG, Sidibe I, Ouedraogo AG, Traore A, Bayala B, Vreysen MJB, Bourtzis K, Abd-Alla AMM. Prevalence of trypanosomes, salivary gland hypertrophy virus and Wolbachia in wild populations of tsetse flies from West Africa. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:153. [PMID: 30470187 PMCID: PMC6251090 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tsetse flies are vectors of African trypanosomes, protozoan parasites that cause sleeping sickness (or human African trypanosomosis) in humans and nagana (or animal African trypanosomosis) in livestock. In addition to trypanosomes, four symbiotic bacteria Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Sodalis glossinidius, Wolbachia, Spiroplasma and one pathogen, the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV), have been reported in different tsetse species. We evaluated the prevalence and coinfection dynamics between Wolbachia, trypanosomes, and SGHV in four tsetse species (Glossina palpalis gambiensis, G. tachinoides, G. morsitans submorsitans, and G. medicorum) that were collected between 2008 and 2015 from 46 geographical locations in West Africa, i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, Guinea, and Senegal. RESULTS The results indicated an overall low prevalence of SGHV and Wolbachia and a high prevalence of trypanosomes in the sampled wild tsetse populations. The prevalence of all three infections varied among tsetse species and sample origin. The highest trypanosome prevalence was found in Glossina tachinoides (61.1%) from Ghana and in Glossina palpalis gambiensis (43.7%) from Senegal. The trypanosome prevalence in the four species from Burkina Faso was lower, i.e. 39.6% in Glossina medicorum, 18.08%; in Glossina morsitans submorsitans, 16.8%; in Glossina tachinoides and 10.5% in Glossina palpalis gambiensis. The trypanosome prevalence in Glossina palpalis gambiensis was lowest in Mali (6.9%) and Guinea (2.2%). The prevalence of SGHV and Wolbachia was very low irrespective of location or tsetse species with an average of 1.7% for SGHV and 1.0% for Wolbachia. In some cases, mixed infections with different trypanosome species were detected. The highest prevalence of coinfection was Trypanosoma vivax and other Trypanosoma species (9.5%) followed by coinfection of T. congolense with other trypanosomes (7.5%). The prevalence of coinfection of T. vivax and T. congolense was (1.0%) and no mixed infection of trypanosomes, SGHV and Wolbachia was detected. CONCLUSION The results indicated a high rate of trypanosome infection in tsetse wild populations in West African countries but lower infection rate of both Wolbachia and SGHV. Double or triple mixed trypanosome infections were found. In addition, mixed trypanosome and SGHV infections existed however no mixed infections of trypanosome and/or SGHV with Wolbachia were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele M S Ouedraogo
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.,Ecole National de l'Elevage et de la Santé Animale, 03 BP 7026, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Université Ouaga 1 Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Güler Demirbas-Uzel
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), 01 BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), 01 BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.,CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Astan C Traore
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.,Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), Bamako, Mali
| | - Antonios Avgoustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew G Parker
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Issa Sidibe
- Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), Projet de Création de Zones Libérées Durablement de Tsé-tsé et de Trypanosomoses (PCZLD), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Anicet G Ouedraogo
- Institut du Développement Rural, Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Amadou Traore
- Institut de l'Environnement et des Recherches Agricoles (INERA), BP 8635, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso
| | - Bale Bayala
- Université Ouaga 1 Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc J B Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.
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