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Correia C, Santana P, Martins V, Mariano P, Almeida A, Almeida SM. Advancing air quality monitoring: A low-cost sensor network in motion - Part I. J Environ Manage 2024; 360:121179. [PMID: 38761627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In urban areas, high levels of air pollution pose significant risks to human health, emphasising the need for detailed air quality (AQ) monitoring. However, traditional AQ monitoring relies on the data from Reference Monitoring Stations, which are sparsely distributed and provide only hourly or daily data, failing to capture the spatial and temporal variability of air pollutant concentrations. Addressing this challenge, we introduce in this article the ExpoLIS system, an all-weather mobile AQ monitoring system that integrates various AQ low-cost sensors (LCSs), providing high spatio-temporal resolution data. This study demonstrates that the inclusion of an extended sampling device may mitigate the effect of the meteorological parameters and other disturbances on readings. At the same time, it did not reduce the quality of the data, both in static conditions and in motion, as we were able to maintain a certain level of agreement between the LCSs. In conclusion, the ExpoLIS system proves its versatility by enabling the collection of large quantities of accurate data, allowing a deeper understanding of the AQ dynamics in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Santana
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. Das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal; ISTAR-Information Sciences and Technologies and Architecture Research Center, Av. Das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Martins
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mariano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal; ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. Das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Almeida
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. Das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Telecomunicações, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Marta Almeida
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal
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2
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Žgela M, Lozuk J, Jureša P, Justić K, Popović M, Boras M, Herceg-Bulić I. Urban heat load assessment in Zagreb, Croatia: a multi-scale analysis using mobile measurement and satellite imagery. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:410. [PMID: 38564063 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A limited number of meteorological stations and sparse data challenge microclimate assessment in urban areas. Therefore, it is necessary to complement these data with additional measurements to achieve a denser spatial coverage, enabling a detailed representation of the city's microclimatic features. In this study, conducted in Zagreb, Croatia, mobile air temperature measurements were utilized and compared with satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST). Here, air temperature measurements were carried out using bicycles and an instrument with a GPS receiver and temperature probe during a heat wave in June 2021, capturing the spatial pattern of air temperature to highlight the city's microclimate characteristics (i.e. urban heat load; UHL) in extremely hot weather conditions. Simultaneously, remotely sensed LST was retrieved from the Landsat-8 satellite. Air temperature measurements were compared to city-specific street type classification, while neighbourhood heat load characteristics were analysed based on local climate zones (LCZ) and LST. Results indicated significant thermal differences between surface types and urban forms and between street types and LCZs. Air temperatures reached up to 35 °C, while LST exceeded 40 °C. City parks, tree-lined streets and areas near blue infrastructure were 1.5-3 °C cooler than densely built areas. Temperature contrasts between LCZs in terms of median LST were more emphasised and reached 9 °C between some classes. These findings highlight the importance of preserving green areas to reduce UHL and enhance urban resilience. Here, exemplified by the city of Zagreb, it has been demonstrated that the use of multiple datasets allows a comprehensive understanding of temperature patterns and their implications for urban climate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Žgela
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jakov Lozuk
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrik Jureša
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Justić
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margareta Popović
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Boras
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Herceg-Bulić
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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3
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Joo J, Jeong S, Shin J, Chang DY. Missing methane emissions from urban sewer networks. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123101. [PMID: 38072016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Methane emissions from sewer networks are an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) but are not currently reflected in the national GHG inventory. We found significant CH4 emissions of approximately 573 [395-831] CH4 t y-1 from sewer networks in the old residential and commercial areas of Seoul (Gwanak district) using an electric vehicle-based atmospheric GHG monitoring platform. The majority of ethane-to-methane ratios (<0.005) from the observations further suggest that distinctive CH4 emissions from sewer networks are likely related to microbial activity rather than to simple natural gas leakage. Because over 90% of the sewer network in Seoul is a gravity drain type of combined sewer network, where both wastewater and stormwater flow through the same pipes, resulting in the generation of methane emissions from the microbial activity and the manholes and rain gutters, which are directly connected to the combined sewer networks are major sources of atmospheric methane emissions. This study suggests that appropriate treatment of sewer networks can mitigate missing methane emissions in cities that were not originally included in GHG inventory of South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Joo
- Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Climate Tech Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujong Jeong
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Climate Tech Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewon Shin
- Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Climate Tech Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeong Chang
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Climate Tech Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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4
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Dai W, Wang S, Zhang S, Zhu J, Gu C, Sun Z, Xue R, Zhou B. A new portable open-path instrument for ambient NH 3 and on-road emission measurements. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:606-614. [PMID: 37923469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased attentions to vehicle emission of NH3 have been paid since it is generally regarded as an important source in urban areas. Here, we developed a movable instrument based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) principle for detecting on-road NH3, which can avoid the losses in the sampling process attributed to the non-sampling methods. For this mobile DOAS, the temporal resolution, detection limit and relative error for NH3 were 1 min, 2.29 ppbv and 4.57% ± 2.44%, respectively. By employed to the on-road measurements along the arterial highway in Shanghai, the spatial distributions of NH3 and NO were obtained, and their dependence of traffic and road conditions were studied. The slopes of linear regression between NH3 and NO were 0.40, 0.02 and 0.07 on the Middle Ring Road, Outer Ring Road and Chongming Island Ring Road. It indicates that light gasoline vehicles (LGVs) were found to be the main contributor to NH3 emissions, while heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs) mainly emitted NO. Based on the measured NH3 in the tunnel, the mileage-based NH3 emission factor per vehicle was estimated to be 17.9 ± 6.3 mg/km. The reported open-path instrument can be broadly used in on-road pollutant monitoring or vehicle emissions, and the measurements can reveal the real situation of emission characteristics, even find the abnormal operations of vehicle catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Sanbao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuanqi Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruibin Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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5
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Liu Y, Paris JD, Vrekoussis M, Quéhé PY, Desservettaz M, Kushta J, Dubart F, Demetriou D, Bousquet P, Sciare J. Reconciling a national methane emission inventory with in-situ measurements. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:165896. [PMID: 37524173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Reconciling top-down and bottom-up country-level greenhouse gas emission estimates remains a key challenge in the MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, Verification) paradigm. Here we propose to independently quantify cumulative emissions from a significant number of methane (CH4) emitters at national level and derive robust constraints for the national inventory. Methane emissions in Cyprus, an insular country, stem primarily from waste and agricultural activities. We performed 24 intensive survey days of mobile measurements of CH4 from October 2020 to September 2021 at emission 'hotspots' in Cyprus accounting together for about 28 % of national CH4 emissions. The surveyed areas include a large active landfill (Koshi, 8 % of total emissions), a large closed landfill (Kotsiatis, 18 %), and a concentrated cattle farm area (Aradippou, 2 %). Emission rates for each site were estimated using repeated downwind transects and a Gaussian plume dispersion model. The calculated methane emissions from landfills of Koshi and Kotsiatis (25.9 ± 6.4 Gg yr-1) and enteric fermentation of cattle (10.4 ± 4.4 Gg yr-1) were about 129 % and 40 % larger, respectively than the bottom-up sectorial annual estimates used in the national UNFCCC inventory. The parametrization of the Gaussian plume model dominates the uncertainty in our method, with a typical 21 % uncertainty. Seasonal variations have little influence on the results. We show that using an ensemble of in situ measurements targeting representative methane emission hotspots with consistent temporal and spatial coverage can contribute to the monitoring and validation of national bottom-up emission inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Liu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Jean-Daniel Paris
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mihalis Vrekoussis
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus; University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing (IUP), Center of Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Quéhé
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Jonilda Kushta
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Florence Dubart
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetris Demetriou
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Philippe Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean Sciare
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus
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Yuan L, Wang H, Gao Y, Ren G, Lu Y, Jing S, Tan W, Zhu L, Shang Y, An J, Huang C. Atmospheric gaseous aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern China based on mobile measurements: Spatial distribution, secondary formation potential and source apportionment. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 130:102-113. [PMID: 37032027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are both well known as hazardous air pollutants and also important anthropogenic precursors of tropospheric ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In recent years, there have been intensive studies covering MAHs emission from various sources and their behavior under stimulated photochemical conditions. Yet in-situ measurements of PAHs presence and variations in ambient air are sparse. Herein we conducted large geometrical scale mobile measurements for 16 aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs, including 7 MAHs and 9 PAHs) in eastern China between October 27 and November 8, 2019. This unique dataset has allowed for some insights in terms of AHs concentration variations, accompanying chemical composition, source contributions and spatial distributions in eastern China. In general, AHs showed a clear concentration variability between the south and the north of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The concentrations of PAHs were approximately 9% of AHs, but contributed 23% of SOA formation potential. Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization (PMF) model revealed that industrial processes as the largest source (44%) of observed AHs, followed by solvent usage (21%), vehicle exhaust (19%), coal combustion (11%) and coking processes (6%). In the perspective of PAHs sources, coal combustion emissions were identified as the dominating factor of a share of 41%-52% in eastern China. Our findings complemented the simultaneously monitoring information of PAHs and MAHs in eastern China, revealed the importance of PAHs to SOA formation and highlighted the necessity of formulating strategies to reduce emissions from anthropogenic sources and reduce risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yaqin Gao
- State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guofa Ren
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yiqun Lu
- State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengao Jing
- State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Tofwerk China, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Tofwerk China, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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7
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Paniagua-Sánchez JM, García-Cobos FJ, Rufo-Pérez M, Jiménez-Barco A. Large-area mobile measurement of outdoor exposure to radio frequencies. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162852. [PMID: 36931516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid outdoor sampling technique was tested to measure human exposure to radio frequencies in a city of 96,000 inhabitants. The technique consisted of taking measurements with a personal exposure meter inside a moving vehicle. Tests were carried out to quantify the alteration produced by the vehicle's structure and obtain correction factors in order to minimize this alteration. Data were collected at 3065 points where signals in the FM radio and mobile phone wavebands were detected. The coefficients of exposure to sources with multiple frequencies due to thermal effects were calculated from the measured values of the electric field. Kriging was used to generate maps of these coefficients, and these maps were then merged with aerial photographs of the city to readily identify the areas with greater or lesser exposure. The results indicated that the vehicle increased the FM broadcasting radiation readings by a factor of 1.66, but attenuated those of mobile telephony by factors of 0.54-0.66. The mean electric field levels detected throughout the city were 0.231, 0.057, 0.140, 0.124, and 0.110 V/m for the frequency bands FM, LTE 800 (DL), GSM + UMTS 900(DL), GSM 1800(DL), and UMTS 2100(DL), respectively. The mean coefficient of exposure to sources with multiple frequencies was 2.05 × 10-4, and the maximum was 9.81 × 10-3. It can be concluded from the study that it is possible to assess radio frequency exposure using this method, and that the technique is scalable to different sized cities. It also allows measurement at different times so as to analyse the temporal variation of radio frequency levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Paniagua-Sánchez
- Department Applied Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Francisco J García-Cobos
- Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Montaña Rufo-Pérez
- Department Applied Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Jiménez-Barco
- Department Applied Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Wei P, Brimblecombe P, Yang F, Anand A, Xing Y, Sun L, Sun Y, Chu M, Ning Z. Determination of local traffic emission and non-local background source contribution to on-road air pollution using fixed-route mobile air sensor network. Environ Pollut 2021; 290:118055. [PMID: 34479161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollutants are major contributors to deteriorating urban air quality and pose a serious threat to pedestrians. From both a scientific and a regulatory standpoint, it is important and challenging to understand the contributions of local and non-local sources to accurately apportion specific sources such as traffic emissions contribution to on-road and near-road microenvironment air quality. In this study, we deployed mobile sensors on-board buses to monitor NO, NO2, CO and PM2.5 along ten important routes in Hong Kong. The measurements include two seasons: April 2017 and July 2017. Two types of baseline extraction methods were evaluated and applied to separate local and background concentrations. The results show NO and NO2 are locally dominated air pollutants in spring, constituting 72%-84% and 58%-71%, respectively, with large inter-road variation. PM2.5 and CO largely arise from background sources, which contribute 55%-65% and 73%-79% respectively. PM2.5 displays a homogeneous spatial pattern, and the contributions show seasonal change, decreasing during summer. Regional transport pollution is the primary contributor during high pollution episodes. Isolated vehicle plumes show highly skewed concentration distributions. There are characteristic polluted segments on routes and they are most evident at rush hours. The most polluted road segments (top 10%) cluster at tunnel entrances and congested points. Some of these polluted locations were observed in Hong Kong's Low Emission Zones and suggest limitations to the existing control strategies, which only address larger buses. Our work gives new insights in the importance of regional cooperation to improve background air pollution combined with local control strategies to improve roadside air quality in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Brimblecombe
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fenhuan Yang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Sun
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyuan Chu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, China.
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9
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Languille B, Gros V, Bonnaire N, Pommier C, Honoré C, Debert C, Gauvin L, Srairi S, Annesi-Maesano I, Chaix B, Zeitouni K. A methodology for the characterization of portable sensors for air quality measure with the goal of deployment in citizen science. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:134698. [PMID: 31791756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of small air quality sensors is of growing interest within the scientific community, especially because this new technology is liable to improve air pollutant monitoring as well as be used for personal exposure quantification. Amongst the myriad existing devices, the performances are highly variable; this is why the sensors must be rigorously assessed before deployment, according to the intended use. This study is included in the Polluscope project; its purpose is to quantify personal exposure to air pollutants by using portable sensors. This paper designs and applies a methodology for the evaluation of portable air quality sensors to eight devices measuring PM, BC, NO2 and O3. The dedicated testing protocol includes static ambient air measurements compared with reference instruments, controlled chamber and mobility tests, as well as reproducibility evaluation. Three sensors (AE51, Cairclip and Canarin) were retained to be used for the field campaigns. The reliability of their performances were robustly quantified by using several metrics. These three devices (for a total of 36 units) were deployed to be worn by volunteers for a week. The results show the ability of sensors to discriminate between different environments (i.e., cooking, commuting or in an office). This work demonstrates, first, the ability of the three selected sensors to deliver data reliable enough to enable personal exposure estimations, and second, the robustness of this testing methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Languille
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Valérie Gros
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Bonnaire
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clément Pommier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- EPAR, IPLESP, INSERM et Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Basile Chaix
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis team, Paris, France
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Targino AC, Rodrigues MVC, Krecl P, Cipoli YA, Ribeiro JPM. Commuter exposure to black carbon particles on diesel buses, on bicycles and on foot: a case study in a Brazilian city. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1132-1146. [PMID: 29079981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Commuting in urban environments accounts for a large fraction of the daily dose of inhaled air pollutants, especially in countries where vehicles have old technologies or run on dirty fuels. We measured black carbon (BC) concentrations during bus, walk and bicycle commutes in a Brazilian city and found a large spatial variability across the surveyed area, with median values between 2.5 and 12.0 μg m-3. Traffic volume on roadways (especially the number of heavy-duty diesel vehicles), self-pollution from the bus tailpipe, number of stops along the route and displacement speed were the main drivers of air pollution on the buses. BC concentrations increased abruptly at or close to traffic signals and bus stops, causing in-cabin peaks as large as 60.0 μg m-3. BC hotspots for the walk mode coincided with the locations of bus stops and traffic signals, whilst measurements along a cycle lane located 12 m from the kerb were less affected. The median BC concentrations of the two active modes were significantly lower than the concentrations inside the bus, with a bus/walk and bus/bicycle ratios of up to 6. However, the greater inhalation rates of cyclist and pedestrians yielded larger doses (2.6 and 3.5 μg on a 1.5-km commute), suggesting that the greater physical effort during the active commute may outweigh the reduction in exposure due to the shift from passive to active transport modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admir Créso Targino
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Vinicius C Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Patricia Krecl
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Yago Alonso Cipoli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil
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Chen YC, Lin TP, Lin CT. A simple approach for the development of urban climatic maps based on the urban characteristics in Tainan, Taiwan. Int J Biometeorol 2017; 61:1029-1041. [PMID: 27915403 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the increasing thermal load in urban environment, this work established Urban Climatic map (UCmap) focusing on thermal environment issues based on urban development factors, e.g., land cover and building characteristics, representing thermal load of human body and ventilation path in the urban structures. In the established process of UCmap in this work, Tainan city, which is a highly developed city in southern Taiwan, is selected as the research area. A 50-m resolution grid is used to capture urban development factors and the climate data based on 1 year of mobile and fix-point measurements, from which the thermal load and the wind environment map are constructed. The results herein reveal that a higher urban development level is associated with a higher thermal load, and similar areas are more likely than others to suffer from an extreme thermal load and low wind pass conditions. Open and sparse low-rise buildings constitute the most appropriate urban characteristics for urban built environment in Tainan. By the simple approach of establishing UCmap, the microclimate condition and development intensity of regions can be easily detected and linked, for example the compact high-rise areas should be limited by floor area ratio in order to prevent the formation of hot spots. The government, urban planners, and architects without a meteorological background can efficiently obtain climate information by way of mapping the certain area, and making regulations to mitigate the growing problem of thermal stress and urban heat island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ting Lin
- Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Aerts S, Joseph W, Maslanyj M, Addison D, Mee T, Colussi L, Kamer J, Bolte J. Prediction of RF-EMF exposure levels in large outdoor areas through car-mounted measurements on the enveloping roads. Environ Int 2016; 94:482-488. [PMID: 27364986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of spatial and temporal trends in the environmental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is a key prerequisite for RF-EMF risk assessment studies attempting to establish a link between RF-EMF and potential effects on human health as well as on fauna and flora. In this paper, we determined the validity of RF exposure modelling based on inner-area kriging interpolation of measurements on the surrounding streets. The results vary depending on area size and shape and structural factors; a Spearman coefficient of 0.8 and a relative error of less than 3.5dB are achieved on a data set featuring a closed measurement ring around a decently sized area (1km(2), with an average minimum distance of the encircled area to the ring of less than 100m), containing mainly low, detached buildings. In larger areas, additional inner-area sampling is advised, lowering the average minimum distance between sampled and interpolated locations to 100m, to achieve the same level of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Aerts
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, iGent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, iGent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myron Maslanyj
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Addison
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Mee
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Loek Colussi
- Radiocommunications Agency Netherlands, Piet Mondriaanlaan 54, 3812GV Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Kamer
- Radiocommunications Agency Netherlands, Piet Mondriaanlaan 54, 3812GV Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - John Bolte
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Faculty of Technology, Innovation and Society, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Johanna Westerdijkplein 75, 2521 EN Den Haag, The Netherlands
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Van Poppel M, Peters J, Bleux N. Methodology for setup and data processing of mobile air quality measurements to assess the spatial variability of concentrations in urban environments. Environ Pollut 2013; 183:224-233. [PMID: 23545013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A case study is presented to illustrate a methodology for mobile monitoring in urban environments. A dataset of UFP, PM2.5 and BC concentrations was collected. We showed that repeated mobile measurements could give insight in spatial variability of pollutants at different micro-environments in a city. Streets of contrasting traffic intensity showed increased concentrations by a factor 2-3 for UFP and BC and by <10% for PM2.5. The first quartile (P25) of the mobile measurements at an urban background zone seems to be good estimate of the urban background concentration. The local component of the pollutant concentrations was determined by background correction. The use of background correction reduced the number of runs needed to obtain representative results. The results presented, are a first attempt to establish a methodology for setup and data processing of mobile air quality measurements to assess the spatial variability of concentrations in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Van Poppel
- VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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