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Corbett MK, Gifford A, Fimognari N, Watkin ELJ. Analysis of element yield, bacterial community structure and the impact of carbon sources for bioleaching rare earth elements from high grade monazite. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104133. [PMID: 37683878 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth element (REE) recovery from waste streams, mine tailings or recyclable components using bioleaching is gaining traction due to the shortage and security of REE supply as well as the environmental problems that occur from processing and refining. Four heterotrophic microbial species with known phosphate solubilizing capabilities were evaluated for their ability to leach REE from a high-grade monazite when provided with either galactose, fructose or maltose. Supplying fructose resulted in the greatest amount of REE leached from the ore due to the largest amount of organic acid produced. Gluconic acid was the dominant organic acid identified produced by the cultures, followed by acetic acid. The monazite proved difficult to leach with the different carbon sources, with preferential release of Ce over La, Nd and Pr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Corbett
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia.
| | - April Gifford
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia.
| | - Nick Fimognari
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth L J Watkin
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia; School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Australia.
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2
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Matter EA, Dhmees AS, Salem WM, El-Magied MOA, Ahmed GHG. Extraction of rare earth elements from monazite leach liquor using functionalized chitosan sorbents derived from shrimp waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:108067-108084. [PMID: 37743450 PMCID: PMC10611849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
With the growing need for high-purity rare-earth elements (REEs), the separation of these REEs has received much attention recently. The objective of this research is to produce chitosan from shrimp waste, then modify it with different functionality, and investigate the adsorption properties of chitosan adsorbents towards La(III) ions. First, from shrimp waste, chitosan (ch) with a significant degree of deacetylation, purity, and solubility was produced. The purified chitosan was cross-linked with epichlorohydrin (ep), and then, it was modified with 3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecane-1,14-diamine (HA) to produce polyaminated chitosan (HA@ep@Ch). The polycarboxylated/imine chitosan (CM@HA@ep@Ch) was obtained by treating polyaminated chitosan with chloroacetic acid in isopropyl alcohol. The chitosan adsorbents were characterized and applied for lanthanum recovery from synthetic and monazite leach liquor samples. The factors controlling the recovery process were studied and discussed. The performance of the adsorbents was achieved through equilibrium, dynamic, and isothermal studies. HA@ep@Ch and CM@HA@ep@Ch showed good performance for lanthanum recovery with a maximum capacity of 114.52 and 141.76 mg/g at 330 K, respectively. The isotherm parameters refer to the monolayer of lanthanum adsorbed into the adsorbents through chelation and ion exchange mechanisms. A 0.5-M HCl solution was found effective to elute 95.8% of the adsorbed lanthanum on HA@ep@Ch, and 93.4% of the adsorbed lanthanum on CM@HA@ep@Ch. The adsorbents showed greater selectivity in extracting La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm (62-75%) from REE leach liquid compared to extracting other REEs (20-41%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Matter
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
| | - Abdelghaffar S Dhmees
- Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 1 Ahmed El-Zomor St, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Waheed M Salem
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
- Science Department, Rustaq College of Education, University of Technology and Applied Sciences at Rustaq, Rustaq, 318, Sultanate of Oman
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3
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Abd El-Magied MO. High-efficiency recovery of cerium ions from monazite leach liquor by polyamines and polycarboxylates chitosan sorbents prepared from marine industrial wastes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 243:125243. [PMID: 37295692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements have received a lot of attention in recent years due to their increasing demand in high-tech industries. Cerium is of current interest and is commonly used in different industries and medical applications. Cerium's uses are expanding due to its superior chemical characteristics over other metals. In this study, different functionalized chitosan macromolecule sorbents were developed from shrimp waste for cerium recovery from a leached monazite liquor. The process involves demineralization, deproteinization, deacetylation, and chemical modification steps. A new class of two-multi-dentate nitrogen and nitrogen‑oxygen donor ligand-based macromolecule biosorbents was synthesized and characterized for cerium biosorption. The crosslinked chitosan/epichlorohydrin, chitosan/polyamines, and chitosan/polycarboxylate biosorbents have been produced from marine industrial waste (shrimp waste) using a chemical modification approach. The produced biosorbents were used to recover cerium ions from aqueous mediums. The affinity of the adsorbents towards cerium was tested in batch systems under different experimental conditions. The biosorbents showed high affinities for cerium ions. The percentage of cerium ions removed (%) from its aqueous system by polyamines and polycarboxylate chitosan sorbents is 85.73 and 90.92 %, respectively. The results indicated that the biosorbents have a high biosorption capacity for cerium ions from aqueous and leach liquor streams.
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Wyatt NLP, Costa VC, de Souza JR, Ferde M, Costa FS, Neris JB, Brandão GP, Guedes WN, Carneiro MTWD. Unsupervised pattern-recognition and radiological risk assessment applied to the evaluation of behavior of rare earth elements, Th, and U in monazite sand. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:83417-83425. [PMID: 35763145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian coast is rich in monazite which is found in beach sand deposits. In this study, the composition of the monazite sands from beaches of State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, was investigated. The concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), Th, and U were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the studied region, the mean concentration of investigated elements increased in the following order: Tm < Yb < Ho < Lu < Eu < Er < Tb < Dy < U < Y < Th < Gd < Sm < Pr < Nd < La < Ce. The sampling sites were classified into three clusters and discriminated by the concentrations of REEs, Th, and U found. In general, the radiological risk indices were higher than the established limits, and the risk of developing cancer was estimated to be higher than the world average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Luiza P Wyatt
- Spectrometry Atomic Laboratory (LEA)/LabPetro, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C Costa
- Spectrometry Atomic Laboratory (LEA)/LabPetro, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Jefferson R de Souza
- Spectrometry Atomic Laboratory (LEA)/LabPetro, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Merisnet Ferde
- Spectrometry Atomic Laboratory (LEA)/LabPetro, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Floriatan S Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jordan B Neris
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Geisamanda P Brandão
- Spectrometry Atomic Laboratory (LEA)/LabPetro, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Tereza W D Carneiro
- Spectrometry Atomic Laboratory (LEA)/LabPetro, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.
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Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are important raw materials for green technologies. However, REE mining and production uses techniques that are often not environmentally sustainable. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a well-recognized method for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and technologies. This article provides an overview of the environmental impacts based on published LCA results of primary REE production. Existing major REE deposits (Bayan Obo in China, Mountain Pass in the United States, Mount Weld in Australia, ion-adsorption deposits in several Chinese southern provinces) and currently possible production routes are compared. Alternative minerals, such as eudialyte, are also discussed. The article shows which environmental effects can be minimized by technology optimization and environmental safety strategies. Additionally, some of the environmental impacts discussed, may be difficult to mitigate, as they depend on the mineral type. Activities along the complex process chain of REEs production that have particularly high environmental impacts are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zapp
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schreiber
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Josefine Marx
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Ghosal S, Agrahari S, Banerjee D, Sengupta D. Assessment of a naturally occurring high background radiation area with elevated levels of thorium along coastal Odisha, India using radiometric methods. Chemosphere 2021; 283:131221. [PMID: 34182624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the enrichment and distribution of radioelements along the eastern coast of India. India possesses the second largest reserve of thorium bearing monazite in the world, in terms of heavy minerals present primarily along its long coastline. Radioelement estimation of about 30 km long beach area along the eastern coast of India is reported and implications discussed. A total number of 822 data points were studied using a portable Geiger Muller counter, to estimate the variation of dose rates, due to the ambient radionuclides along two different trends. One was parallel (northeast-southwest) and the second one perpendicular to the coastline. Pre-selected samples from in-situ radiometric surveys on the heavy mineral placers were studied further, for quantitative estimation of the abundance of radioactive elements primarily uranium and thorium, using a High Purity Germanium detector. Radioelement concentration assessment of core samples (depth ~2 m), were studied from two different beaches. Radiological parameters like radium equivalent, annual effective doserate and absorbed dose rate has been calculated based on the 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations. Heavy mineral placers along the shoreline indicate a very high thorium (avg - 2990.22 Bq kg-1) which is due to the extensive distribution indicative of monazite. The coastal area also exhibits relatively low uranium (avg - 319.1 Bq kg-1). Based on its high thorium concentration, the area can be considered as a high natural background radiation area. Based on the concentrations of uranium and thorium, the weathering conditions and depositional environment prevalent along the beach areas have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayantani Ghosal
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sudha Agrahari
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashish Banerjee
- Radiochemistry Division, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, BARC, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashish Sengupta
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Hanfi MY, Yarmoshenko IV, Ilgasheva EO, Onishchenko AD, Seleznev AA, Ryanskaya AD. Gross alpha activity in urban sediments as an important indicator of urban environmental processes on the example of three Russian cities. J Environ Manage 2021; 294:113011. [PMID: 34116301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The protection of the urban environment from radioactive wastes (including technologically enhanced natural radionuclides) and potentially harmful elements have recently become very critical. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the radioactive levels in low-volume samples of dust and fine sand fractions of the urban surface deposited sediments (USDS) collected in three Russian cities. The detection was conducted via CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) have been used to detect gross alpha activity concentrations. A statistically significant difference was observed between the average gross alpha activity concentrations in the dust fraction and the fine sand fraction in each city. The obtained results also illustrate the gross alpha activity concentration in the dust fraction is higher than in the fine sand fraction. This is consistent with the results of the chemical and mineralogical analysis. The dust fraction size has a higher gross alpha activity concentration than the fine sand fraction due to the natural partitioning of the main minerals constituting USDS with trace uranium and thorium content (feldspar, plagioclase, amphibole and others) and negligible uranium and thorium content (quartz). In some cases, USDS radioactivity is associated with monazite and zircon. A good correlation (0.58) was found between the gross alpha activity concentration and the effective content of uranium and thorium. Finally, an assessment of the gross alpha activity concentrations in the USDS size fractions was considered an essential indicator of environmental processes that are significant in terms of their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Ural Federal University, Mira St 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Nuclear Materials Authority, Maadi, 520, Egypt.
| | - Ilia V Yarmoshenko
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, S. Kovalevskoy St., 20, Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O Ilgasheva
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, S. Kovalevskoy St., 20, Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russia
| | | | - Andrian A Seleznev
- Ural Federal University, Mira St 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, S. Kovalevskoy St., 20, Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Ryanskaya
- Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry UB RAS, 15 Akademika Vonsovskogo Str., Ekaterinburg, 620016, Russia
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Higueras PL, Jiménez-Ballesta R, Esbrí JM, García-Giménez R, García-Noguero EM, Álvarez R, Peco JD, García-Noguero C, Campos JA. Occurrence and environmental constraints of gray monazite in red soils from the Campo de Montiel area (SW Ciudad Real province, south central Spain). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:4573-4584. [PMID: 32946058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monazite ((Ce, La, Nd, Th) PO4) is a rare and strategic mineral that occurs naturally as an accessory and minor mineral in diverse igneous and metamorphic rocks. This mineral does not frequently form mineable ore deposits and it has different typologies, including those formed by endogenous processes (generally "yellow monazite" mineralizations) and those formed by exogenous processes ("gray monazite" mineralizations). The mineral is an important ore of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), which have been identified by the European Union as critical raw materials. Monazite can be considered a weathering-resistant mineral, and the mobility of the REE and associated elements is low. The study reported here concerns a mineralogical and geochemical assessment of the occurrence and risks associated with the presence of concentrations of monazite in a typical, well-developed, and representative red Mediterranean soil, in order to establish the associated risk with their future mining. The results confirmed that monazite ore is particularly poor in radioactive elements, and it is concentrated in the most surficial soil horizons. The chemical mobility of REEs present in the soil, as assessed by selective extraction with ammonium acetate in acidic media, follows the order Y > Dy > U > Tb > Gd > Eu > Sm > La > Th > Ce. The mobility of REEs contained in monazite proved to be higher than that of the REE compounds in the upper horizons of the soil profile suggesting the immobilization in other REE-containing minerals, while light REEs show lower mobility rates than heavy REEs, due to an immobilization of LREE by sorption with iron oxy-hydroxides. Further studies are required in order to obtain better speciation data for REEs in soils aimed to identify soluble and insoluble compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo León Higueras
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta
- Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Esbrí
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rosario García-Giménez
- Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María García-Noguero
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Departamento de Explotación y Prospección de Minas, Escuela de Ingeniería de Minas, Energía y Materiales, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Independencia, 13, 33004, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Daniel Peco
- ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos de Ciudad Real, Instituto de Geología Aplicada, UCLM, Ronda de Calatrava s/n, 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carolina García-Noguero
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Campos
- ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos de Ciudad Real, Instituto de Geología Aplicada, UCLM, Ronda de Calatrava s/n, 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK, Inoue K, Arae H, Fukushi M. Geochemical behavior of uranium and thorium in sand and sandy soil samples from a natural high background radiation area of the Odisha coast, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:31339-31349. [PMID: 32483717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their natural radioactivity, uranium (U) and thorium (Th) play significant roles in environmental sciences for monitoring radiation dose and in geological sciences for understanding sedimentary processes. The Odisha coastal area, in eastern India, is a well-known high background radiation area that is rich in monazites and rutile. This area was selected to study geochemical characteristics of U and Th in sand and sandy soil samples. The concentrations of U and Th were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The median, geometric mean, and standard deviation for U were determined to be 6, 4.5, and 2.5 μg/g and for Th were 186, 123.3, and 3.1 μg/g, respectively. Major element concentrations were evaluated using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to get the mineralogical composition and state of chemical weathering. The ratios of Th/U and Th/K varied from 4 to 37 and from 13 to 1058, respectively. These results clearly indicate that the samples from the coastal region were formed in an oxidizing and intense chemical weathering terrestrial environment with an enrichment of radiogenic heavy minerals (monazites and zircon) and clay mineral association. Since the majority of the samples have undergone moderate to intense weathering in the oxidizing environment, U is leached from the soil and sand matrix. Eventually, Th resides in the matrix and becomes a major source for radiation exposure in the environment. The high ratios of Th/U, along with the strong positive correlation between Th and P2O5, evidence the enrichment of the Th-bearing radioactive mineral, monazite, in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimelan Veerasamy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sarata Kumar Sahoo
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Arae
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
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10
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Clavier N, Mesbah A, Szenknect S, Dacheux N. Monazite, rhabdophane, xenotime & churchite: Vibrational spectroscopy of gadolinium phosphate polymorphs. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 205:85-94. [PMID: 30015033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth phosphates with the general formula REEPO4·nH2O belong to four distinct structural types: monazite, rhabdophane, churchite, and xenotime. We report herein the first direct comparison between vibrational spectra of these compounds for the same metal cation i.e. gadolinium. The four GdPO4·nH2O samples were prepared through wet chemistry methods and first characterized by X-ray diffraction. Three distinct spectral domains, associated to the deformation and stretching modes of phosphate tetrahedra (PO4) and to water molecules vibrations were then analyzed from FTIR and Raman data, and discussed regarding the structural characteristics of each sample. The most obvious differences between the spectra were associated to δ(H2O) and δs(PO4) modes and led to propose a simple method to rapidly and unambiguously discriminate the four polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Clavier
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ Montpellier, Site de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols/Cèze cedex, France.
| | - A Mesbah
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ Montpellier, Site de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols/Cèze cedex, France
| | - S Szenknect
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ Montpellier, Site de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols/Cèze cedex, France
| | - N Dacheux
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ Montpellier, Site de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols/Cèze cedex, France
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García-Tenorio R, Manjón G, Vioque I, Jiménez-Ramos MC, Mantero J, Díaz-Francés I. Grey monazite (rare earths) mining in centre of Spain: Characterization and pre-operational radiological evaluation. Chemosphere 2018; 208:691-697. [PMID: 29894970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A radiological evaluation associated to the future mining of grey monazite nodules enriched in light rare-earths, from a modest superficial deposit located in the centre of Spain, has been performed at pre-operational level, and the main results are shown in this paper. Although the monazite nodules in the deposit are clearly enriched in radionuclides from the uranium and thorium series with activity concentrations higher than 1 Bq/g, the size of these nodules (in the 0.5 mm-2 mm grain size interval), its refractory behaviour that prevents the leaching or dissemination of natural radionuclides to waters or other ecosystem compartments and consequently the impact in the food chain, and its presence quite diluted in the deposit at concentrations of 2.5-3 kg/m3, conducted to conclude that pre-operationally the area to be mined for the extraction of the monazite is generating a negligible radiological impact in the public and the nearby environment. Additionally, the extraction of the raw material and the restoration of the area after mining (i.e. the mining activities which will be done in-situ, in the mining area) will be exempted of any radiological regulation attending to the European Union legislation being expected that will not generate a radiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- R García-Tenorio
- Applied Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad Sevilla-Junta Andalucía-CSIC); Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Manjón
- Applied Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Vioque
- Applied Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M C Jiménez-Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad Sevilla-Junta Andalucía-CSIC); Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Mantero
- Applied Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Díaz-Francés
- Applied Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Shrivastava HB, Rita NR, Rao VK, Raghavender B, Sharma PK. Estimation of uranium concentration in Indian monazite samples by using HPGe semiconductor detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:21-23. [PMID: 30145528 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various techniques are available for the estimation of uranium concentration in geological rock samples. In the uranium exploration program in India, the beta-gamma technique is widely used by the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (Department of Atomic Energy) to estimate uranium concentration in natural rock or soil samples. Uranium concentration cannot be estimated accurately by the beta-gamma technique if the sample has high concentrations of thorium. Because the ratio of thorium to uranium concentration varies between 15 and 30 in monazite samples, uranium concentration in monazite samples cannot be estimated accurately by the conventional beta-gamma technique. Uranium concentration in monazite samples can be estimated by measuring the 1.001 MeV gamma ray peak of Pa-234 (which is a decay product of uranium having a half-life of 1.17 min) using a P-type HPGe semiconductor detector. In this paper, uranium concentrations in 10 samples of Indian monazites were estimated using the P-type HPGe semiconductor detector, in which the average thorium concentration was 9.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Shrivastava
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India.
| | - N Rupa Rita
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - V Koteswara Rao
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - B Raghavender
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pravin Kumar Sharma
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India
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Cheng Y, Zhang L, Bian X, Zuo H, Dong H. Adsorption and mineralization of REE-lanthanum onto bacterial cell surface. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:22334-22339. [PMID: 28699006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A large number of rare earth element mining and application resulted in a series of problems of soil and water pollution. Environmental remediation of these REE-contaminated sites has become a top priority. This paper explores the use of Bacillus licheniformis to adsorb lanthanum and subsequent mineralization process in contaminated water. The maximum adsorption capacity of lanthanum on bacteria was 113.98 mg/g (dry weight) biomass. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data indicated that adsorbed lanthanum on bacterial cell surface occurred in an amorphous form at the initial stage. Scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) results indicated that lanthanum adsorption was correlated with phosphate. The amorphous material was converted into scorpion-like monazite (LaPO4 nanoparticles) in a month. The above results provide a method of using bacterial surface as adsorption and nucleation sites to treat REE-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Cheng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, USA.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, USA
| | - Xiaojing Bian
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Zuo
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, USA
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, USA.
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Corbett MK, Eksteen JJ, Niu XZ, Watkin ELJ. Syntrophic effect of indigenous and inoculated microorganisms in the leaching of rare earth elements from Western Australian monazite. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:558-568. [PMID: 29852218 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The unique physiochemical properties exhibited by rare earth elements (REEs) and their increasing application in high-tech industries has created a demand for secure supply lines with established recovery procedures that create minimal environmental damage. Bioleaching experiments conducted on a non-sterile monazite concentrate with a known phosphate solubilising microorganism (PSM) resulted in greater mobilisation of REEs into solution in comparison to experiments conducted on sterile monazite. By combining the native consortia with an introduced PSM, a syntrophic effect between the populations effectively leached a greater amount of REEs than either a single PSM or the indigenous population alone. With sterile monazite, Penicillium sp.CF1 inoculated experiments released a total REE concentration of 12.32 mg L-1 after incubation for 8 days, whereas on non-sterile ore, double the soluble REE concentration was recorded (23.7 mg L-1). Comparable effects were recorded with Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas putida. Alterations in the microbial populations during bioleaching of the monazite ore were determined by diversity profiling and demonstrated noticeable changes in community inhabitants over 14 days. The presence of native Firmicutes on the monazite appears to greatly contribute to the increased leaching recorded when using non-sterile monazite for REE recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Corbett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Jacques J Eksteen
- Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Xi-Zhi Niu
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth L J Watkin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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Huittinen N, Arinicheva Y, Schmidt M, Neumeier S, Stumpf T. Using Eu(3+) as an atomic probe to investigate the local environment in LaPO4-GdPO4 monazite end-members. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 483:139-145. [PMID: 27552422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the luminescent properties of Eu(3+) as a dopant in a series of synthetic lanthanide phosphates from the monazite group. Systematic trends in the spectroscopic properties of Eu(3+) depending on the size of the host cation and the dopant to ligand distance have been observed. Our results show that the increasing match between host and dopant radii when going from Eu(3+)-doped LaPO4 toward the smaller GdPO4 monazite decreases both the full width at half maximum of the Eu(3+) excitation peak, as well as the (7)F2/(7)F1 emission band intensity ratio. The decreasing Ln⋯O bond distance within the LnPO4 series causes a systematic bathochromic shift of the Eu(3+) excitation peak, showing a linear dependence of both the host cation size and the Ln⋯O distance. The linear relationship can be used to predict the energy band gap for Eu(3+)-doped monazites for which no Eu(3+) luminescent data is available. Finally, mechanisms for metal-metal energy transfer between host and dopant lanthanides have been explored based on recorded luminescence lifetime data. Luminescence lifetime data for Eu(3+) incorporated in the various monazite hosts clearly indicated that the energy band gap between the guest ion emission transition and the host ion absorption transition can be correlated to the degree of quenching observed in these materials with otherwise identical geometries and chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Huittinen
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yulia Arinicheva
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Neumeier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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Gasser D, Bruand E, Rubatto D, Stüwe K. The behaviour of monazite from greenschist facies phyllites to anatectic gneisses: An example from the Chugach Metamorphic Complex, southern Alaska. Lithos 2012; 134-135:108-122. [PMID: 26525358 PMCID: PMC4599629 DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monazite is a common accessory mineral in various metamorphic and magmatic rocks, and is widely used for U-Pb geochronology. However, linking monazite U-Pb ages with the PT evolution of the rock is not always straightforward. We investigated the behaviour of monazite in a metasedimentary sequence ranging from greenschist facies phyllites into upper amphibolites facies anatectic gneisses, which is exposed in the Eocene Chugach Metamorphic Complex of southern Alaska. We investigated textures, chemical compositions and U-Pb dates of monazite grains in samples of differing bulk rock composition and metamorphic grade, with particular focus on the relationship between monazite and other REE-bearing minerals such as allanite and xenotime. In the greenschist facies phyllites, detrital and metamorphic allanite is present, whereas monazite is absent. In lower amphibolites facies schists (~ 550-650 °C and ≥ 3.4 kbar), small, medium-Y monazite is wide-spread (Mnz1), indicating monazite growth prior and/or simultaneous with growth of garnet and andalusite. In anatectic gneisses, new low-Y, high-Th monazite (Mnz2) crystallised from partial melts, and a third, high-Y, low-Th monazite generation (Mnz3) formed during initial cooling and garnet resorption. U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of the second and third monazite generations yields ages of ~ 55-50 Ma. Monazite became unstable and was overgrown by allanite and/or allanite/epidote/apatite coronas within retrograde muscovite- and/or chlorite-bearing shear zones. This study documents polyphase, complex monazite growth and dissolution during a single, relatively short-lived metamorphic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deta Gasser
- Department of Earth Science, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Emilie Bruand
- Department of Earth Science, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Rubatto
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Kurt Stüwe
- Department of Earth Science, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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