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Evren AE, Nuha D, Dawbaa S, Sağlık BN, Yurttaş L. Synthesis of novel thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as potent dual monoamine oxidase-aromatase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114097. [PMID: 34998057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of 2-thiazolyl hydrazones on monoamine oxidase enzymes are known for a long time. In this study, a new series of 2-thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized starting from 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde. All of the synthesized compounds were investigated in terms of their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects and significant results were found. The results showed that compound 2j potently inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B, while compound 2t strongly and selectively inhibited MAO-B compared to standard drugs. Compounds 2k and 2q exhibited selective and satisfying inhibition on MAO-B. In the aromatase inhibition studies of the compounds, it was determined that compounds 2q and 2u had high inhibitory properties. Molecular docking studies on MAO-A, MAO-B, and aromatase enzymes were carried out for the aforementioned compounds. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was studied for compound 2q on MAO-B and aromatase complexes. Finally, the Field-based QSAR study was developed and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explained. For the first time, dual inhibitors on MAO and aromatase enzyme were investigated together. The aim of this approach is for finding the potential agents that do not cause the cognitive disorders and may even treat neurodegenerative symptoms, thus, the aim was reached successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Evrim Evren
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, 11000, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Demokrat Nuha
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sam Dawbaa
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Özdemir Z, Alagöz MA, Uslu H, Karakurt A, Erikci A, Ucar G, Uysal M. Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological activity of some pyridazinone derivatives as selective human monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:692-704. [PMID: 32144745 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since brain neurotransmitter levels are associated with the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson and Alzheimer, monoamineoxidase (MAO) plays a critical role in balancing these neurotransmitters in the brain. MAO isoforms appear as promising drug targets for the development of central nervous system agents. Pyridazinones have a broad array of biological activities. Here, six pyridazinone derivatives were synthesized and their human monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities were evaluated by molecular docking studies, in silico ADME prediction and in vitro biological screening tests. METHODS The compounds were synthesized by the reaction of different piperazine derivatives with 3 (2H)-pyridazinone ring and MAO-inhibitory effects were investigated. Docking studies were conducted with Maestro11.8 software. RESULTS Most of the synthesized compounds inhibited hMAO-B selectively except compound 4f. Compounds 4a-4e inhibited hMAO-B selectively and reversibly in a competitive mode. Compound 4b was found as the most potent (ki = 0.022 ± 0.001 µM) and selective (SI (Ki hMAO-A/hMAO-B) = 206.82) hMAO-B inhibitor in this series. The results of docking studies were found to be consistent with the results of the in vivo activity studies. Compounds 4a-4e were found to be non-toxic to HepG2 cells at 25 μM concentration. In silico calculations of ADME properties indicated that the compounds have good pharmacokinetic profiles. CONCLUSION It was concluded that 4b is possibly recommended as a promising nominee for the design and development of new pyridazinones which can be used in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Abdullah Alagöz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harun Uslu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vocational School of Health Services, Fırat University, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Acelya Erikci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulberk Ucar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Uysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohamed SM, Chaurasiya ND, Mohamed NM, Bayoumi SAL, Tekwani BL, Ross SA. Promising selective MAO-B inhibition by sesamin, a lignan from Zanthoxylum flavum stems. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:409-413. [PMID: 32273799 PMCID: PMC7132610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibition is an important therapeutic approach for various neurodegenerative disorders. Reversible MAO inhibitors selectively targeting only one isoform possess substantial merit in terms of safety, efficacy, and side effect profile. This study aimed to isolate the secondary metabolites of Zanthoxylum flavum stems and evaluate their recombinant human MAO inhibition, antimicrobial, and antiprotozoal activities. As a result, fourteen compounds were isolated and identified (nine of them were reported from Z. flavum for the first time). Compound 3 (sesamin) exhibited potent selective MAO-B inhibition (IC50 value of 1.45 ± 0.05 µM) which reported herein for the first time. Compound 2 showed selective MAO-A inhibition activity, compound 5 exhibited good trypanocidal activity, and compound 7 displayed moderate antibacterial activity. The promising MAO-B inhibitory activity of sesamin provoked us to further explore the kinetic properties, the binding mode, and the underlying mechanism of MAO-B inhibition by this lignan. This detailed investigation substantiated a reversible binding and mixed MAO-B catalytic function inhibition via sesamin (Ki: 0.473 ± 0.076 μM). Selectivity and reversibility of sesamin on MAO-B provide exciting prerequisites for further in vivo investigation to confirm its therapeutic potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Narayan D Chaurasiya
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Nesma M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Soad A L Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
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Truman P, Stanfill S, Heydari A, Silver E, Fowles J. Monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity of flavoured e-cigarette liquids. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:123-128. [PMID: 31536738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monoamine oxidase inhibitors have been hypothesised to be important in tobacco dependence, reinforcing the brain's response to nicotine by delaying the degradation of neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidases. The development of electronic cigarettes has provided an alternative nicotine delivery system, which is widely viewed as less toxic than tobacco smoke. However, significant data gaps remain. This paper reports the results of measurements of monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity in a small sample of commercially available, flavoured e-liquids. METHODS Twelve e-liquids were tested for monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity, using the kynuramine assay and monoamine oxidase enzymes (human, recombinant). Control samples of carrier liquids, propylene glycol and glycerol, and nicotine were also tested. RESULTS Four e-liquids contained high levels of inhibitory activity, four more were moderately inhibitory. The remaining four e-liquids were mildly inhibitory, while the carrier liquids, and nicotine were inactive at relevant concentrations. The active compounds in the e-liquids were subsequently identified as vanillin and ethyl vanillin. Under some conditions of use, the sampled e-liquids with the highest concentrations of monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity have the potential to expose consumers to physiologically significant levels of MAO inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS While only a small sample of e-liquids was tested, the findings suggest that some flavours have pharmacological actions, with potential to enhance the response to nicotine or to other drugs. The public health implications of these preliminary findings on addiction and smoking cessation warrant exploration and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Truman
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen Stanfill
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali Heydari
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Jefferson Fowles
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
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Smith TT, Schaff MB, Rupprecht LE, Schassburger RL, Buffalari DM, Murphy SE, Sved AF, Donny EC. Effects of MAO inhibition and a combination of minor alkaloids, β-carbolines, and acetaldehyde on nicotine self-administration in adult male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 155:243-52. [PMID: 26257022 PMCID: PMC4581969 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although nicotine is the primary reinforcing constituent in cigarettes, there is evidence that other constituents in cigarette smoke may interact with nicotine to reinforce smoking behavior. METHODS The present experiments investigated whether a novel combination of these cigarette smoke constituents would increase nicotine self-administration in adult male rats. The constituents included five minor alkaloids (anabasine, nornicotine, cotinine, myosmine, and anatabine), two β-carbolines (harman and norharman), and acetaldehyde. All doses were indexed to be proportional to concentrations in cigarette smoke given a standard dose of nicotine used in rodent self-administration, or ten times higher than this standard. To model MAO inhibition seen in chronic smokers, some groups received separate injections of tranylcypromine prior to each self-administration session. RESULTS Tranylcypromine increased low-dose nicotine self-administration independent of other smoke constituents, which had no effect on self-administration behavior. The effect of tranylcypromine was confirmed across a large range of reinforcement schedules. The effect of tranylcypromine on low-dose nicotine self-administration was observed regardless of whether the injection was delivered 1-h or 23-h prior to the self-administration session, consistent with the interpretation that MAO inhibition was responsible for the increase in self-administration, instead of acute off-target effects. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that this cocktail of constituents does not significantly alter the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, but constituents that inhibit MAO may increase the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, especially at low doses.
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Malin DH, Moon WD, Goyarzu P, Barclay E, Magallanes N, Vela AJ, Negrete AP, Mathews H, Stephens B, Mills WR. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase isoforms modulates nicotine withdrawal syndrome in the rat. Life Sci 2013; 93:448-53. [PMID: 23988853 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There have been many reports of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by non-nicotine ingredients in tobacco smoke, persisting for days after smoking cessation. This study determined the effect of inhibiting MAO and its isoforms on nicotine withdrawal syndrome. MAIN METHODS Rats were rendered nicotine-dependent by seven days of subcutaneous (s.c.) 9 mg/kg/day infusion of nicotine bitartrate. Twenty-two hours after termination of infusion, they were observed over 20 min for somatically expressed nicotine withdrawal signs. Three hours before observation, rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 4 mg/kg each of the MAO A antagonist clorgyline and the MAO B antagonist deprenyl, or with saline alone. A similar experiment was performed with non-dependent, saline-infused rats. Another experiment compared nicotine-dependent rats that received injections of either saline or 4 mg/kg clorgyline alone. A further experiment compared rats receiving either saline or 4 mg/kg deprenyl alone. KEY FINDINGS Combined treatment with both MAO inhibitors markedly and significantly exacerbated somatically expressed nicotine withdrawal signs in nicotine infused rats, while having no significant effects in saline-infused rats. Rats injected s.c. with 4 mg/kg clorgyline alone had significantly more withdrawal signs than saline-injected rats, while deprenyl-injected rats had significantly fewer signs than saline controls. Assays confirmed that clorgyline thoroughly reduced MAO A enzymatic activity and deprenyl thoroughly reduced MAO B activity. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that inhibition of MAO A may contribute to the intensity of withdrawal syndrome in smoking cessation.
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