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Said AH, Msuya FE, Kyewalyanga MS, Mmochi AJ, Evensen Ø, Hurem S, Sandvik M, Lyche JL. Spatial and seasonal distribution of cyanobacteria Moorea species in coastal waters of Tanzania. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116134. [PMID: 38350254 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying the presence of harmful cyanobacteria, detecting potential harmful algae toxins and their distribution in three seasons: December to February (hot dry season), March to May (rainy season), and June to November (cool dry season) of 2016. The samples were collected in five study sites in Tanzania: Tumbe, Chwaka, Paje, Bweleo in Zanzibar islands and Songosongo Island, mainland Tanzania, where skin irritation problems were observed in seaweed workers in an earlier study. The cyanobacteria from the Moorea genus were microscopically detected in the seawater, with highest concentrations in the months with the highest seawater temperature or hot dry season, than in the other two seasons. The concentration of Moorea species was significantly higher in Songosongo, Tanzania mainland than in Zanzibar Islands in all three seasons, corresponding to the higher level of nutrients of nutrients (PO43-, NO3- and NH4+) in the prior season. However, the concentrations were considered relatively low and thus not collected during an ongoing algal bloom. This is one of the first studies that detect Moorea sp. in Tanzanian seawater, and complementary studies including genome sequencing to characterize the species are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza H Said
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
| | - Flower E Msuya
- Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Margareth S Kyewalyanga
- Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Aviti J Mmochi
- Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Selma Hurem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Sandvik
- Section for Chemistry and Toxicology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
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