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Pike F, Lindström L, Ekstedt J, Jiddawi NS, de la Torre-Castro M. Dynamic livelihoods, gender and poverty in marine protected areas: Case study from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Ambio 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02010-x. [PMID: 38647618 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Livelihood initiatives are common within marine protected areas (MPAs) aiming for poverty alleviation or higher income opportunities. However, results can be mixed in reality, as well as change over time. Furthermore, who benefits is a key consideration, as results can vary based on inequalities, including gender. Here, the monetary outcomes of different livelihood strategies were investigated across three MPA regions in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using a quantitative approach, the results show that livelihoods have shifted in a six-year period, with livelihood strategies differing in poverty incidence and income. Livelihood initiatives, namely seaweed farming and tourism, did not provide significantly higher monetary returns compared to long-standing livelihoods, such as fisheries. Seaweed farming showed income stability but a high poverty incidence predominantly within women-headed households. During the study period, men primarily remained in fisheries, whilst women shifted to small-scale businesses and fisheries, largely exiting seaweed farming. This underscores a need for adaptive, gender sensitive management within fast changing coastal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Pike
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lars Lindström
- Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Ekstedt
- Centre for Blue Governance, Department of Sustainability and Planning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Narriman S Jiddawi
- Zanzi Marine and Coastal Solutions, P.O. Box 4108, Chukwani, Zanzibar, Tanzania
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Said AH, Msuya FE, Kyewalyanga MS, Mmochi AJ, Evensen Ø, Hurem S, Sandvik M, Lyche JL. Spatial and seasonal distribution of cyanobacteria Moorea species in coastal waters of Tanzania. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116134. [PMID: 38350254 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying the presence of harmful cyanobacteria, detecting potential harmful algae toxins and their distribution in three seasons: December to February (hot dry season), March to May (rainy season), and June to November (cool dry season) of 2016. The samples were collected in five study sites in Tanzania: Tumbe, Chwaka, Paje, Bweleo in Zanzibar islands and Songosongo Island, mainland Tanzania, where skin irritation problems were observed in seaweed workers in an earlier study. The cyanobacteria from the Moorea genus were microscopically detected in the seawater, with highest concentrations in the months with the highest seawater temperature or hot dry season, than in the other two seasons. The concentration of Moorea species was significantly higher in Songosongo, Tanzania mainland than in Zanzibar Islands in all three seasons, corresponding to the higher level of nutrients of nutrients (PO43-, NO3- and NH4+) in the prior season. However, the concentrations were considered relatively low and thus not collected during an ongoing algal bloom. This is one of the first studies that detect Moorea sp. in Tanzanian seawater, and complementary studies including genome sequencing to characterize the species are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza H Said
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
| | - Flower E Msuya
- Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Margareth S Kyewalyanga
- Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Aviti J Mmochi
- Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Selma Hurem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Sandvik
- Section for Chemistry and Toxicology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
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Kotta J, Raudsepp U, Szava-Kovats R, Aps R, Armoskaite A, Barda I, Bergström P, Futter M, Gröndahl F, Hargrave M, Jakubowska M, Jänes H, Kaasik A, Kraufvelin P, Kovaltchouk N, Krost P, Kulikowski T, Kõivupuu A, Kotta I, Lees L, Loite S, Maljutenko I, Nylund G, Paalme T, Pavia H, Purina I, Rahikainen M, Sandow V, Visch W, Yang B, Barboza FR. Assessing the potential for sea-based macroalgae cultivation and its application for nutrient removal in the Baltic Sea. Sci Total Environ 2022; 839:156230. [PMID: 35643144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine eutrophication is a pervasive and growing threat to global sustainability. Macroalgal cultivation is a promising circular economy solution to achieve nutrient reduction and food security. However, the location of production hotspots is not well known. In this paper the production potential of macroalgae of high commercial value was predicted across the Baltic Sea region. In addition, the nutrient limitation within and adjacent to macroalgal farms was investigated to suggest optimal site-specific configuration of farms. The production potential of Saccharina latissima was largely driven by salinity and the highest production yields are expected in the westernmost Baltic Sea areas where salinity is >23. The direct and interactive effects of light availability, temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations regulated the predicted changes in the production of Ulva intestinalis and Fucus vesiculosus. The western and southern Baltic Sea exhibited the highest farming potential for these species, with promising areas also in the eastern Baltic Sea. Macroalgal farming did not induce significant nutrient limitation. The expected spatial propagation of nutrient limitation caused by macroalgal farming was less than 100-250 m. Higher propagation distances were found in areas of low nutrient and low water exchange (e.g. offshore areas in the Baltic Proper) and smaller distances in areas of high nutrient and high water exchange (e.g. western Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga). The generated maps provide the most sought-after input to support blue growth initiatives that foster the sustainable development of macroalgal cultivation and reduction of in situ nutrient loads in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, EE-11712 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Urmas Raudsepp
- Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Szava-Kovats
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Aps
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Ieva Barda
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 2, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Per Bergström
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Martyn Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Gröndahl
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH Stockholm, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Hargrave
- Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, SE-45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Holger Jänes
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ants Kaasik
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Patrik Kraufvelin
- Kustlaboratoriet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE-74242 Öregrund, Sweden; Åland University of Applied Sciences, PB 1010, AX-221111 Mariehamn, Åland, Finland
| | - Nikolai Kovaltchouk
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peter Krost
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kulikowski
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anneliis Kõivupuu
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ilmar Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liisi Lees
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sander Loite
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ilja Maljutenko
- Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Göran Nylund
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paalme
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrida Purina
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 2, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Moona Rahikainen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Verena Sandow
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wouter Visch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco R Barboza
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Lin Y, Huang Z, Wu L, Zhao P, Wang X, Ma X, Chen W, Bi R, Jia Y. Influence of phosphorus on the uptake and biotransformation of arsenic in Porphyra haitanensis at environmental relevant concentrations. Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149534. [PMID: 34392210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Edible seaweeds are rich in essential vitamins and minerals, which made them a popular food worldwide. Porphyra haitanensis is one of the most commonly consumed seaweeds with the known ability to accumulate a high level of total arsenic (As). A large number of articles have shown arsenic and phosphorus (P) interactions in microalgae due to the plant's inability to differentiate arsenate from phosphate. However, very limited information is available for edible seaweed at environmentally relevant concentrations. In this study, P. haitanensis was treated with arsenic as AsV (As1: 0.06 μM, As2: 0.4 μM, As3: 1.2 μM) and phosphorous (P1: 3.2 μM, P2: 13 μM) in a filtered seawater matrix under laboratory condition for six days. A better growth rate was found in seaweeds grown in P2 treatments. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content measurements revealed that a higher P concentration prevent seaweeds from lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Transcriptome studies indicated the As replacement to P has the ability to target seaweed cell membrane composition, transmembrane transport, DNA and ATP binding. The inorganic As (iAs) had a concentration of 0.54 to 4.45 mg/kg in P. haitanensis on Day 6 with As1, As2, and As3 treatments under low P regime (P1), which exceeds the limits of iAs concentration (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) in National Food Safety Standard-Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB 2762-2017). High P regime (P2) not only reduced the total As but also iAs effectively, even in the highest As treatment (As3), the iAs concentration was less than 0.5 mg/kg on Day 6. These findings provide a good insight for seafood safety guarantees and are important for the management of coastal artificial seaweed farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhangxun Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Puhui Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Eggertsen M, Halling C. Knowledge gaps and management recommendations for future paths of sustainable seaweed farming in the Western Indian Ocean. Ambio 2021; 50:60-73. [PMID: 31997147 PMCID: PMC7708553 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Farming of eucheumatoid seaweeds is a widespread, promising activity and an important livelihood option in many tropical coastal areas as for example in East Africa, Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Compared to other types of aquaculture, seaweed farming has generally low impact on the environment. Nonetheless, there are potential direct or indirect negative effects of seaweed farming, such as introduction of alien species and changes in local environmental conditions. Although farming has been practiced in this region during several decades, the knowledge concerning the actual environmental impacts from faming non-native eucheumatoid haplotypes and consequently how to manage farming activities to mitigate those is highly limited. In this review, we provide a summary of the current scientific knowledge of potential direct and indirect negative environmental effects linked to eucheumatoid seaweed farming such as alterations of benthic macrophyte habitats and loss of native biodiversity. Furthermore, we highlight knowledge gaps that are of importance to address in the near future, e.g., large-scale ecosystem effects and farms as potential vectors of pathogens. We also provide a number of feasible management recommendations to be implemented for a continued development of environmentally sustainable seaweed farming practices in the WIO region, which includes spatial planning of farms to avoid sensitive areas and farming of native haplotypes of eucheumatoids instead of introduced specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eggertsen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Halling
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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