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Spanoudis CG, Pappas CS, Savopoulou-Soultani M, Andreadis SS. Composition, seasonal abundance, and public health importance of mosquito species in the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3083-3090. [PMID: 34338859 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are the largest group of blood-feeding insects that disturb not only humans but also other mammals and birds. This study reports the presence of native mosquito species in the regional unit of Thessaloniki and the monitoring of their population. In total, 13 mosquito species belonging to four genera were identified. The most dominant species was Culex pipiens, followed by Aedes caspius. In the present study, we report for the first time the presence of Ae. vittatus in Greece and of Anopheles plumbeus in the regional unit of Thessaloniki. Regarding the seasonal variation, species of the genus Aedes were the ones that first appeared in late March, followed by Culex species at the end of April and finally species of the genus Anopheles in July. Species of the Aedes genus were found to be the most abundant in the first quarter of the year (late March to early April). Population of Cx. pipiens remained at high levels from late April to late September. Species of the genus Anopheles were found in high densities from early August to October. The current study contributes to the knowledge of the mosquito species composition and their relative abundance in an area where West Nile virus caused severe epidemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos G Spanoudis
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Pappas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos S Andreadis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001, Thermi, Greece.
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Eastwood G, Shepard JJ, Misencik MJ, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM. Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast USA. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:569. [PMID: 33176861 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND La Crosse virus (LACV) (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes pediatric encephalitis and accounts for 50-150 human cases annually in the USA. Human cases occur primarily in the Midwest and Appalachian regions whereas documented human cases occur very rarely in the northeastern USA. METHODS Following detection of a LACV isolate from a field-collected mosquito in Connecticut during 2005, we evaluated the prevalence of LACV infection in local mosquito populations and genetically characterized virus isolates to determine whether the virus is maintained focally in this region. RESULTS During 2018, we detected LACV in multiple species of mosquitoes, including those not previously associated with the virus. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of LACV strains isolated from 2005-2018 in Connecticut and found that they formed a genetically homogeneous clade that was most similar to strains from New York State. CONCLUSION Our analysis argues for local isolation and long-term persistence of a genetically distinct lineage of LACV within this region. We highlight the need to determine more about the phenotypic behavior of these isolates, and whether this virus lineage poses a threat to public health.
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Jourdain F, Picard M, Sulesco T, Haddad N, Harrat Z, Sawalha SS, Günay F, Kanani K, Shaibi T, Akhramenko D, Sarih M, Velo E, Paronyan L, Pajovic I, Faraj C, Sikharulidze I, Putkaradze D, Maric J, Bosevska G, Janceska E, Bouattour A, Hamidi A, Sherifi K, Alten B, Petrić D, Robert V. Identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): an external quality assessment of medical entomology laboratories in the MediLabSecure Network. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:553. [PMID: 30352609 PMCID: PMC6199703 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of vectors is of prime importance in the field of medical entomology for both operational and research purposes. An external quality assessment of mosquito identification capacities was carried out within the MediLabSecure Network, which is composed of laboratories located in 19 countries close to the European Union around the Mediterranean and Black seas. Methods A set of blind samples consisting of 7 or 8 adult mosquitoes and 4 larvae was given to each participant laboratory. In all, 138 adult mosquitoes and 76 larvae of different species were distributed for genus and species identification. Results All identifications were exclusively morphology based. Overall, 81% of identifications were correct at the genus level, 64% at the species level. The results were highly varied among the 19 participating laboratories. The levels of correct identifications were: 100% (three laboratories), 90–95% (four laboratories), 50–75% (six laboratories) and < 50% (six laboratories). Conclusions This evaluation showed the need to maintain efforts in capacity building and quality control in the field of medical entomology and, more specifically, in the morphological identification of the Culicidae. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3127-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jourdain
- Research Unit MiVEGEC, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Picard
- Research Unit MiVEGEC, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Sulesco
- Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education, Culture and Research, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Nabil Haddad
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector Borne Diseases, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Laboratoire Éco-épidémiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samer Saleh Sawalha
- Ministry of Health, Public Health General Directorate, Environmental Health Department, Vector Control Unit, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Filiz Günay
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ecology Section, Vector Ecology Research Group Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Khalil Kanani
- Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Department, Vector-Borne Diseases Programmes Manager, MOH, Amman, Jordan
| | - Taher Shaibi
- Reference Laboratory of Parasites & Vector Borne Diseases, NCDC Libya, and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Denys Akhramenko
- State Body I.I. Mechnikov Ukrainian Anti-Plague Research Institute of Ministry of Health, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Enkelejda Velo
- Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Lusine Paronyan
- Vector-borne and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology Department, NCDC, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Igor Pajovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Chafika Faraj
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiéne, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Irakli Sikharulidze
- Zooentomology Laboratory, National Center for Disease Control and Public Heath, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Putkaradze
- Zooentomology Laboratory, National Center for Disease Control and Public Heath, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jelena Maric
- P.I. Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska "Dr. Vaso Butozan", Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Golubinka Bosevska
- Laboratory for virology and molecular diagnostics, Institute of Public Health of R. Macedonia, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Elizabeta Janceska
- Laboratory for virology and molecular diagnostics, Institute of Public Health of R. Macedonia, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ali Bouattour
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03 Service d'Entomologie Médicale, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afrim Hamidi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Kurtesh Sherifi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Bülent Alten
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ecology Section, Vector Ecology Research Group Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dušan Petrić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vincent Robert
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Research Unit MiVEGEC, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
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Gao B, Fang Y, Zhang J, Wu R, Xu B, Xie L. A DNA Barcoding Based Study to Identify Main Mosquito Species in Taiwan and its Difference from Those in Mainland China. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2017; 20:147-152. [PMID: 28215143 DOI: 10.2174/1386207320666170217153548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Mosquitoes can transmit many types of viruses such as West Nile virus and Zika virus and are responsible for a number of virus-causing diseases including malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, and Japanese B encephalitis. On January 19, 2016, the first case of Zika virus infection was identified in Taiwan, which presents the need for studying the mosquito species in the Taiwan Strait and evaluating the risk of the outbreak of this infection. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this study, we have collected 144 mosquito specimens from 42 species belonging to nine genera from both sides of the Taiwan Strait during 2013 and 2014. We then applied the COI DNA Barcoding technique to classify the specimens and performed a phylogenetic analysis to infer the evolutionary history of these mosquitoes. Based on the analyses, we found that though the mosquitoes from different sides of the Taiwan Strait share a lot of commonality, they have a few regional specificities. RESULTS Our results also suggested a very small divergences (1%~9%) between specimens from the same mosquito species and relatively large divergences (8%~25%) between specimens from different mosquito species. Within the same species, the divergence of specimens from the same region is significantly smaller than that between two regions. A few highly divergent species between Fujian and Taiwan (e.g., An.maculatus and Ae.elsiae) might be formed due to the so-called "cryptic evolutionary events", in which the species has differentiation into cryptic species due to geographical differences without changing morphological characteristics. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the phylogenetic analyses showed a very similar taxonomy to the historical one based on morphological characteristics, validating again the application of COI DNA Barcoding technique in classifying mosquito species. However, there are also some inconsistencies between COI DNA Barcoding and historical taxonomy, which points out the differences between mosquito DNA and morphological characteristics and suggests the possibility to improve mosquito taxonomy based on DNA techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiliang Fang
- International Travel Healthcare Center, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- International Travel Healthcare Center, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rongquan Wu
- Quanzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Baohai Xu
- International Travel Healthcare Center, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lianhui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Ma M, Huang M, Leng P. Abundance and distribution of immature mosquitoes in urban rivers proximate to their larval habitats. Acta Trop 2016; 163:121-9. [PMID: 27515809 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Whether ecological restoration of polluted urban rivers would provide suitable breeding habitats for some mosquitoes was not clear yet. It was therefore important to determine how altered river conditions influence mosquito ecology. Monthly data on water quality and larval density were obtained to determine the effects of river systems on the distribution and abundance of immature mosquitoes in two coastal cities in Eastern China. In total, 5 species within two genera of mosquitoes were collected and identified in habitat with vegetation from three positive rivers. Culex pipiens pallens was the most abundant and widely distributed species. A new species (Culex fuscanus) was reported in certain districts. Physico-chemical parameters of river water were important, but not the only, set of influences on immature mosquito breeding. Aquatic vegetation could increase the likelihood of mosquito breeding while artificial aeration might prevent the approach of mosquitoes. Slow-moving water might be a new potential marginal habitat type for some Culex and Aedes albopictus. Variation of river system with ecological restoration might influence the abundance and distribution of immature mosquitoes.
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Vanlalruia K, Senthilkumar N, Gurusubramanian G. Diversity and abundance of mosquito species in relation to their larval habitats in Mizoram, North Eastern Himalayan region. Acta Trop 2014; 137:1-18. [PMID: 24795213 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The abundance, richness and diversity of anopheline and culicid mosquitoes associated with their habitats, season, and physico-chemical quality of water were surveyed along six districts of Mizoram, North Eastern Himalayan region. The productivity of permanent and temporary habitat types was quantified by carrying out weekly larval sampling using a standard dipping method for a period of three years. Diversity was estimated using the Shannon index (H'), Evenness index (Heve), similarity measures cluster analysis and MANOVA. In total, 5 genera and 20 species of mosquitoes were identified: Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles barbirostris and Anopheles vagus were the most abundant and widely-distributed species, representing 39.71%, 29.39% and 14.52% of total mosquito individuals sampled, respectively. Anopheles sp. diversity was lowest in Lunglei district (H'=0.48) and highest in Aizawl (H'=2.03), whereas Culex sp. diversity was lowest in Lawngtlai (H'=0.38), and highest in Aizawl (H'=2.99) and Kolasib (H'=2.13). This represents the first update on the diversity and geographic distribution of the mosquitoes of Mizoram. Mosquito larvae were present in both temporary and permanent habitats suitable for breeding with monthly variations dependent on rainfall intensity, temperature, humidity and location. Early instars were more abundant significantly (P<0.0001) than late instars among the habitat types in all study sites. The productivity of mosquito larvae was significantly (P<0.0001) higher in ponds especially in permanent than semi-permanent and temporary. Weekly rainfall intensity led to an increase or decrease in anopheline and culicid larval abundance depending on the location. Mosquito diversity was highest in monsoon season (July-September) and lowest in January-March. A. barbirostris, A. vagus and C. quinquefasciatus appear the most likely habitat generalist as it demonstrates both widespread distribution. Abundance and diversity of culicine and anopheline larvae were strongly associated (MANOVA) with pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, phosphates and chlorides concentration of water. This information will be essential for designing and implementing mosquito larval control programs.
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