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Twumasi P, Asare PA, Afutu E, Amenorpe G, Addy SN. Chemosensitivity analysis of tiger nuts ( Cyperus esculentus L.) using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and colchicine mutagens. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22619. [PMID: 38046175 PMCID: PMC10686876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Four hundred tubers of four genotypes, two brown and two black tiger nuts were subjected to Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) and Colchicine treatments at concentrations of 0 %, 0.1 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1.0 % for 24 h. Each genotype had twenty tubers treated with each of the five different concentrations and were planted using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in a greenhouse. Quantitative data was collected and LD50 and RD50 were analysed using Excell 2016 and Genstat 11.2. A general decreasing trend in percentage germination and plant height was observed with increasing concentrations of mutagens applied. An EMS treatment had LD50 and RD50 values of 0.97 % and 1.49 % for black and 0.63 % and 1.63 % for brown genotypes. Similarly, the percentage colchicine treatment had LD50 and RD50 values of 1.65 % and 19.51 % concentrations for black and 0.91 % and 1.71 % concentrations for brown genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Twumasi
- Department of Crop Science, University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana
| | - Pual Agu Asare
- Department of Crop Science, University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Afutu
- Department of Crop Science, University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana
| | - Godwin Amenorpe
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Ghana
| | - Sylvester N.T.T. Addy
- Center for Scientific and Industrial Research – Crop Research Institute (CSIR-CRI), Fumesua, Ghana
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Oz E, Aoudeh E, Murkovic M, Toldra F, Gomez-Zavaglia A, Brennan C, Proestos C, Zeng M, Oz F. Heterocyclic aromatic amines in meat: Formation mechanisms, toxicological implications, occurrence, risk evaluation, and analytical methods. Meat Sci 2023; 205:109312. [PMID: 37625356 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are detrimental substances can develop during the high-temperature cooking of protein-rich foods, such as meat. They are potent mutagens and carcinogens linked to an increased risk of various cancers. HAAs have complex structures with nitrogen-containing aromatic rings and are formed through chemical reactions between amino acids, creatin(in)e, and sugars during cooking. The formation of HAAs is influenced by various factors, such as food type, cooking temperature, time, cooking method, and technique. HAAs exert their toxicity through mechanisms like DNA adduct formation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The research on HAAs is important for public health and food safety, leading to risk assessment and management strategies. It has also led to innovative approaches for reducing HAAs formation during cooking and minimizing related health risks. Understanding HAAs' chemistry and formation is crucial for developing effective ways to prevent their occurrence and protect human health. The current review presents an overview about HAAs, their formation pathways, and the factors influencing their formation. Additionally, it reviews their adverse health effects, occurrence, and the analytical methods used for measuring them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Eyad Aoudeh
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Graz University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Petersgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fidel Toldra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenue Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Charles Brennan
- RMIT University, School of Science, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Maomao Zeng
- Jiangnan University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangnan University, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye.
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Merugu NK, Manapuram S, Chakraborty T, Karanam SK, Imandi SB. Mutagens in commercial food processing and its microbial transformation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:599-620. [PMID: 37009045 PMCID: PMC10050501 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutagens are chemical molecules that have the ability to damage DNA. Mutagens can enter into our body upon consumption of improperly cooked or processed food products such as high temperature or prolonged cooking duration. Mutagens are found in the food products can be classified into N-nitroso derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic aromatic amines. Food products with high fat and protein content are more prone to mutagenic formation. Microorganisms were found to be a potent weapon in the fight against various mutagens through biotransformation. Therefore, searching for the microorganisms which have the ability to transform mutagens and the development of techniques for the identification as well as detection of mutagens in food products is much needed. In the future, methods for the identification and detection of these mutagens as well as the identification of new and more potent microorganisms which can transform mutagens into non-mutagens are much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kishore Merugu
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Deemed to be University, Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 045 India
| | - Saikumar Manapuram
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Deemed to be University, Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 045 India
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Vipragen Biosciences Private Limited, No. 67B, Hootagalli Industrial Area, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 018 India
| | - Tanushree Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Deemed to be University, Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 045 India
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Deemed to be University, Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 045 India
| | - Sita Kumari Karanam
- Maharajah’s College of Pharmacy, Phool Baugh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh 535 002 India
| | - Sarat Babu Imandi
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Deemed to be University, Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 045 India
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Joo L, Bradley CC, Lin SH, Scheet PA, Nead KT. Causes of Clonal Hematopoiesis: a Review. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:211-20. [PMID: 36719597 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-dependent process detectable using advanced sequencing technologies and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize known causes of CH mutations and to identify key areas and considerations for future research on CH. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have identified multiple potential causes of CH mutations including smoking, cancer therapies, cardiometabolic disease, inflammation, and germline risk factors. Additionally, large-scale studies have facilitated the identification of gene-specific effects of CH mutation risk factors that may have unique downstream health implications. For example, cancer therapies and sources of environmental radiation appear to cause CH through their impact on DNA damage repair genes. There is a growing body of evidence defining risk factors for CH mutations. Standardization in the identification of CH mutations may have important implications for future research. Additional studies in underrepresented populations and their diverse environmental exposures are needed to facilitate broad public health impact of the study of CH mutations.
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Toman R, Psenkova M, Tancin V, Miskeje M. Mutagens in raw ewe milk in Orava region, northern Slovakia: metals. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:62259-62271. [PMID: 35604602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations of selected mutagenic elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Se) in raw ewe milk from undisturbed environment in Orava region, northern Slovakia. There are possible sources of some of the analyzed metals which may be distributed from the metallurgical plants located in the Ostrava region, Czech Republic, and Katowice, Poland. In total, forty milk samples were analyzed in June and August using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The differences in elements concentrations between the seasonal periods were not significant except of iron (p < 0.0001). The concentrations of most of the metals in ewe milk were low and under the permissible or recommended limits. However, arsenic and selenium concentrations were elevated and could pose a risk of the mutagenic effect, particularly in children. The frequency of element occurrence in June was as follows: Se > Fe > As > Cu > Mn > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr > Cd, and in August: Se > Fe = As > Cu > Mn > Pb > Co > Ni > Cr > Cd. The correlation analysis revealed very strong positive correlation between Cu:Pb (p < 0.05), very strong negative correlation between Fe:Se (p < 0.05). The strong correlations were also found between other elements. The present study showed that milk produced in the relatively undisturbed environment might contain various mutagenic elements. The relationships between the elements might result in the additive or synergistic effects of elements and increase the risk of their mutagenic effects even in low concentrations. Therefore, attention must be paid to the monitoring of metals in the areas where food sources destined especially for child nutrition are produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Toman
- Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Martina Psenkova
- Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir Tancin
- Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Miskeje
- Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Goyal K, Goel H, Baranwal P, Dixit A, Khan F, Jha NK, Kesari KK, Pandey P, Pandey A, Benjamin M, Maurya A, Yadav V, Sinh RS, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Mittan S. Unravelling the molecular mechanism of mutagenic factors impacting human health. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:61993-62013. [PMID: 34410595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potential to induce a wide range of mutations and generate multiple physiological, biochemical, and genetic modifications in humans. Most mutagens are having genotoxic effects on the following generation through germ cells. The influence of germinal mutations on health will be determined by their frequency, nature, and the mechanisms that keep a specific mutation in the population. Early prenatal lethal mutations have less public health consequences than genetic illnesses linked with long-term medical and social difficulties. Physical and chemical mutagens are common mutagens found in the environment. These two environmental mutagens have been associated with multiple neurological disorders and carcinogenesis in humans. Thus in this study, we aim to unravel the molecular mechanism of physical mutagens (UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays), chemical mutagens (dimethyl sulfate (DMS), bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC)), and several heavy metals (Ar, Pb, Al, Hg, Cd, Cr) implicated in DNA damage, carcinogenesis, chromosomal abnormalities, and oxidative stress which leads to multiple disorders and impacting human health. Biological tests for mutagen detection are crucial; therefore, we also discuss several approaches (Ames test and Mutatox test) to estimate mutagenic factors in the environment. The potential risks of environmental mutagens impacting humans require a deeper basic knowledge of human genetics as well as ongoing research on humans, animals, and their tissues and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Goyal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritika Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aman Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Avanish Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Maurya
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana Suryauday Sinh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences & Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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Malik S, Kaur K, Prasad S, Jha NK, Kumar V. A perspective review on medicinal plant resources for their antimutagenic potentials. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:62014-62029. [PMID: 34431051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutagens present in the environment manifest toxic effects and are considered as serious threat for human health and healthcare. Recent reports reveal that medicinal plant resources are being explored for identifying potent antimutagenic as well as cancer preventing agents. There is mounting evidence that cancer and other mutation-related diseases can be prevented with the use of medicinal pant resources including crude extracts, active fractions, phytochemicals, and pure phytomolecules. These medicinal plant resources possessing antimutagenic potentials have been shown to target molecular mechanisms underlying the mutagenic impacts. Technological advents and high-throughput screening/activity methods have revolutionized this field, though several potent plants and their active principles have been reported as effective antimutagens. The translational success rate needs to be improved, but the trends are encouraging. In this review, we present the current understandings and updates on various mutagens in the environment, toxicities related/attributed to them, the resultant mutations (and cancer), and how medicinal plants come to the rescue. A perspective review has been presented on whether and how medicinal plant resources can be an effective approach for addressing mutagens in the environment. An account of medicinal plant resources used as antimutagenic agents has been given along with the underlying mechanism of action and their therapeutic potential in various models of cancer. Recent success stories, current challenges, and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kawaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> It is known that any genetic improvement depends on the presence of many genetic variations so that the plant breeder can choose the desired traits such as the trait of the crop or resistance to some diseases. Different or it can be used for selection, whether for yield, early maturity or other characteristics. This study aimed to use gamma irradiation and the chemical mutagen Dimethyl sulfoxide for the induction of genetic variation in two types of beans. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The Giza 429 and Misr 1 genotypes were treated with three different concentrations of dimethyl sulfur oxide (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) and gamma radiation doses (10, 15 and 20 kr) to perform mutagenesis treatments. <b>Results:</b> In the first and second seasons of the study, all the mutations resulting from the radiological and chemical mutagenic treatments of the two Egyptian bean cultivars, Giza 429 and Misr 1, were highly significant for all treatments in the following traits: Number of branches/plant, plant height, number of pods/plant with the weight of 100 seeds (g) and seed yield/plant (g). <b>Conclusion:</b> The benefit of this research was obtained from plants that outperformed the two cultivars Giza 429 and Misr 1 and are considered among the promising plants that can be used in mixed breeding programs or direct selection for high productivity.
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Bolzán AD. Mutagen-induced telomere instability in human cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2021; 868-869:503387. [PMID: 34454696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomere instability is one of the main sources of genome instability and may result from chromosome end loss (due to chromosome breakage at one or both ends) or, more frequently, telomere dysfunction. Dysfunctional telomeres arise when they lose their end-capping function or become critically short, which causes chromosomal termini to behave like a DNA double-strand break. Telomere instability may occur at the chromosomal or at the molecular level, giving rise, respectively, to telomere-related chromosomal aberrations or the loss or modification of any of the components of the telomere (telomere DNA, telomere-associated proteins, or telomere RNA). Since telomeres play a fundamental role in maintaining genome stability, the study of telomere instability in cells exposed to mutagens is of great importance to understand the telomere-driven genomic instability present in those cells. In the present review, we will focus on the current knowledge about telomere instability induced by physical, chemical, and biological mutagens in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Bolzán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP), calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, B1906APO La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, calle 60 y 122, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) form during the high-temperature cooking of meats, poultry, and fish. Some HAAs also arise during the combustion of tobacco. HAAs are multisite carcinogens in rodents, inducing cancer of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, mammary, and prostate glands. HAAs undergo metabolic activation by N-hydroxylation of the exocyclic amine groups to produce the proposed reactive intermediate, the heteroaryl nitrenium ion, which is the critical metabolite implicated in DNA damage and genotoxicity. Humans efficiently convert HAAs to these reactive intermediates, resulting in HAA protein and DNA adduct formation. Some epidemiologic studies have reported an association between frequent consumption of well-done cooked meats and elevated cancer risk of the colorectum, pancreas, and prostate. However, other studies have reported no associations between cooked meat and these cancer sites. A significant limitation in epidemiology studies assessing the role of HAAs and cooked meat in cancer risk is their reliance on food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to gauge HAA exposure. FFQs are problematic because of limitations in self-reported dietary history accuracy, and estimating HAA intake formed in cooked meats at the parts-per-billion level is challenging. There is a critical need to establish long-lived biomarkers of HAAs for implementation in molecular epidemiology studies designed to assess the role of HAAs in health risk. This review article highlights the mechanisms of HAA formation, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, the metabolism of several prominent HAAs, and the impact of critical xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes on biological effects. The analytical approaches that have successfully biomonitored HAAs and their biomarkers for molecular epidemiology studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Scott J Walmsley
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Su WH, Chan CET, Lian T, Biju M, Miura A, Alkhafaji SA, Do KK, Latifi B, Nguyen TT, Schriner SE. Protection of nuclear DNA by lifespan-extending compounds in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res 2021; 822:111738. [PMID: 33578051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2021.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage has been hypothesized to be a driving force of the aging process. At the same time, there exists multiple compounds that can extend lifespan in model organisms, such as yeast, worms, flies, and mice. One possible mechanism of action for these compounds is a protective effect against DNA damage. We investigated whether five of these lifespan-extending compounds, dinitrophenol, metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, and spermidine, could protect nuclear DNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the same doses under which they confer lifespan extension. We found that rapamycin and spermidine were able to decrease the spontaneous mutation rate at the CAN1 locus, whereas dinitrophenol, metformin, and resveratrol were able to protect yeast against CAN1 mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). We also tested whether these compounds could enhance survival against EMS, ultraviolet (UV) light, or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) insult. All five compounds conferred a protective effect against EMS, while metformin and spermidine protected yeast against UV light. Somewhat surprisingly, none of the compounds were able to afford a significant protection against H2O2, with spermidine dramatically sensitizing cells. We also examined the ability of these compounds to increase lifespan when growth-arrested by hydroxyurea; only spermidine was found to have a positive effect. Overall, our results suggest that lifespan-extending compounds may act in part by protecting nuclear DNA.
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Abstract
32P-Postlabeling analysis is an ultra-sensitive method for the detection of DNA adducts, such as those formed directly by the covalent binding of carcinogens and mutagens to bases in DNA, and other DNA lesions resulting from modification of bases by endogenous or exogenous agents (e.g., oxidative damage). The procedure involves four main steps: enzymatic digestion of DNA sample; enrichment of the adducts; radiolabeling of the adducts by T4 kinase-catalyzed transference of 32P-orthophosphate from [γ-32P]ATP; chromatographic separation of labeled adducts, and detection and quantification by means of their radioactive decay. Using 10 μg of DNA or less, it is capable of detecting adduct levels as low as 1 adduct in 109-1010 normal nucleotides. It is applicable to a wide range of investigations, including monitoring human exposure to environmental or occupational carcinogens, determining whether a chemical has genotoxic properties, analysis of the genotoxicity of complex mixtures, elucidation of the pathways of activation of carcinogens, and monitoring DNA repair.
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Hartwig A, Arand M, Epe B, Guth S, Jahnke G, Lampen A, Martus HJ, Monien B, Rietjens IMCM, Schmitz-Spanke S, Schriever-Schwemmer G, Steinberg P, Eisenbrand G. Mode of action-based risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1787-1877. [PMID: 32542409 PMCID: PMC7303094 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk assessment of chemical carcinogens is one major task in toxicology. Even though exposure has been mitigated effectively during the last decades, low levels of carcinogenic substances in food and at the workplace are still present and often not completely avoidable. The distinction between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens has traditionally been regarded as particularly relevant for risk assessment, with the assumption of the existence of no-effect concentrations (threshold levels) in case of the latter group. In contrast, genotoxic carcinogens, their metabolic precursors and DNA reactive metabolites are considered to represent risk factors at all concentrations since even one or a few DNA lesions may in principle result in mutations and, thus, increase tumour risk. Within the current document, an updated risk evaluation for genotoxic carcinogens is proposed, based on mechanistic knowledge regarding the substance (group) under investigation, and taking into account recent improvements in analytical techniques used to quantify DNA lesions and mutations as well as "omics" approaches. Furthermore, wherever possible and appropriate, special attention is given to the integration of background levels of the same or comparable DNA lesions. Within part A, fundamental considerations highlight the terms hazard and risk with respect to DNA reactivity of genotoxic agents, as compared to non-genotoxic agents. Also, current methodologies used in genetic toxicology as well as in dosimetry of exposure are described. Special focus is given on the elucidation of modes of action (MOA) and on the relation between DNA damage and cancer risk. Part B addresses specific examples of genotoxic carcinogens, including those humans are exposed to exogenously and endogenously, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the corresponding alcohols as well as some alkylating agents, ethylene oxide, and acrylamide, but also examples resulting from exogenous sources like aflatoxin B1, allylalkoxybenzenes, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), benzo[a]pyrene and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Additionally, special attention is given to some carcinogenic metal compounds, which are considered indirect genotoxins, by accelerating mutagenicity via interactions with the cellular response to DNA damage even at low exposure conditions. Part C finally encompasses conclusions and perspectives, suggesting a refined strategy for the assessment of the carcinogenic risk associated with an exposure to genotoxic compounds and addressing research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jahnke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Martus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Schriever-Schwemmer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Retired Senior Professor for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kirkok SK, Kibet JK, Okanga F, Kinyanjui T, Nyamori V. Mechanistic formation of hazardous molecular heterocyclic amines from high temperature pyrolysis of model biomass materials: cellulose and tyrosine. BMC Chem 2019; 13:126. [PMID: 31728453 PMCID: PMC6842190 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research inventories on the co-pyrolysis of major biomass components such as cellulose with amino acid materials is scarce in literature despite the fact that such studies are critical in understanding toxic product relations from high temperature cooking, combustion of bio-fuels, cigarette smoking and forest fires. This paper explores, quantitatively, the yields of heterocyclic nitrogenated molecular reaction products of grave mutagenetic concern from the co-pyrolysis of model biomass materials; tyrosine and cellulose. Research has established that heterocyclic amines such as isocyanates are mutagens as well precursors for asthma, and other respiratory disorders. Methods An equimassic mixture of tyrosine and cellulose (50 ± 2 mg) by weight were pyrolyzed in a tubular quartz reactor in flowing nitrogen at 1 atm. Besides, varying combinations of tyrosine and cellulose in the ratios 3:1 and 1:3 were also explored for comparison. The reaction time was set at 2 s so as to simulate combustions events in nature. The pyrolysate was collected over 5 mL dichloromethane and characterized using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer detector. Results Evidently, it was noted that 1-methylindazole was released in high yields at 300 °C, constituting ~ 300 µg in the entire pyrolysis temperature range (200–700 °C). Nonetheless, isoindazole gave the highest yield ~ 730 µg while 1-naphthyl isocyanate gave a total yield of ~ 336 µg in the same temperature range. Remarkably, the change in char yield between 300 and 450 °C for the pyrolysis of 25% tyrosine in 75% cellulose was found to be ~ 48% whereas the change in char yield for the pyrolysis of 75% tyrosine in 25% cellulose was 49%. Conclusion The char and tar yields considered important residues of biomass burning have been reported in this study and found to be consistent with other research output in literature. The striking similarities of % yield of char across all temperatures for various combinations was the most significant observation in this investigation—char yield was independent of the mixing ratio during pyrolysis. From a mechanistic standpoint, it was noted that tyrosine inhibited cellulose based nitrogenated products. Thus N-products dominated the O-products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Kirkok
- 1Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Egerton, P.O Box 536, Nakuru, 20115 Kenya
| | - Joshua K Kibet
- 1Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Egerton, P.O Box 536, Nakuru, 20115 Kenya
| | - Francis Okanga
- 1Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Egerton, P.O Box 536, Nakuru, 20115 Kenya
| | - Thomas Kinyanjui
- 1Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Egerton, P.O Box 536, Nakuru, 20115 Kenya
| | - Vincent Nyamori
- 2School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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15
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Kirkland D, Levy DD, LeBaron MJ, Aardema MJ, Beevers C, Bhalli J, Douglas GR, Escobar PA, Farabaugh CS, Guerard M, Johnson GE, Kulkarni R, Le Curieux F, Long AS, Lott J, Lovell DP, Luijten M, Marchetti F, Nicolette JJ, Pfuhler S, Roberts DJ, Stankowski LF, Thybaud V, Weiner SK, Williams A, Witt KL, Young R. A comparison of transgenic rodent mutation and in vivo comet assay responses for 91 chemicals. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2019; 839:21-35. [PMID: 30744809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A database of 91 chemicals with published data from both transgenic rodent mutation (TGR) and rodent comet assays has been compiled. The objective was to compare the sensitivity of the two assays for detecting genotoxicity. Critical aspects of study design and results were tabulated for each dataset. There were fewer datasets from rats than mice, particularly for the TGR assay, and therefore, results from both species were combined for further analysis. TGR and comet responses were compared in liver and bone marrow (the most commonly studied tissues), and in stomach and colon evaluated either separately or in combination with other GI tract segments. Overall positive, negative, or equivocal test results were assessed for each chemical across the tissues examined in the TGR and comet assays using two approaches: 1) overall calls based on weight of evidence (WoE) and expert judgement, and 2) curation of the data based on a priori acceptability criteria prior to deriving final tissue specific calls. Since the database contains a high prevalence of positive results, overall agreement between the assays was determined using statistics adjusted for prevalence (using AC1 and PABAK). These coefficients showed fair or moderate to good agreement for liver and the GI tract (predominantly stomach and colon data) using WoE, reduced agreement for stomach and colon evaluated separately using data curation, and poor or no agreement for bone marrow using both the WoE and data curation approaches. Confidence in these results is higher for liver than for the other tissues, for which there were less data. Our analysis finds that comet and TGR generally identify the same compounds (mainly potent mutagens) as genotoxic in liver, stomach and colon, but not in bone marrow. However, the current database content precluded drawing assay concordance conclusions for weak mutagens and non-DNA reactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan D Levy
- US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J LeBaron
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, Midland, MI, USA
| | - Marilyn J Aardema
- Marilyn Aardema Consulting LLC, 5315 Oakbrook Dr., Fairfield, OH 45014, USA
| | | | - Javed Bhalli
- MilliporeSigma, BioReliance Toxicology Testing Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - George R Douglas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | | | | | - Melanie Guerard
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, pRed, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Rohan Kulkarni
- MilliporeSigma, BioReliance Toxicology Testing Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexandra S Long
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jasmin Lott
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - David P Lovell
- St George's Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | | | - Stefan Pfuhler
- Procter & Gamble, Global Product Stewardship, Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandy K Weiner
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kristine L Witt
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Young
- MilliporeSigma, BioReliance Toxicology Testing Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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16
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Bourguignon JP, Parent AS, Kleinjans JCS, Nawrot TS, Schoeters G, Van Larebeke N. Rationale for Environmental Hygiene towards global protection of fetuses and young children from adverse lifestyle factors. Environ Health 2018; 17:42. [PMID: 29685149 PMCID: PMC5914065 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulatory management of chemicals and toxicants in the EU addresses hundreds of different chemicals and health hazards individually, one by one. An issue is that, so far, the possible interactions among chemicals or hazards are not considered as such. Another issue is the anticipated delay of several decades before effective protection of public health by regulatory decisions due to a time consuming process. Prenatal and early postnatal life is highly vulnerable to environmental health hazards with lifelong consequences, and a priority period for reduction of exposure. There are some initiatives regarding recommendations for pregnant women aiming at protection against one or another category of health hazard, however not validated by intervention studies. HYPOTHESIS Here, we aim at strengthening the management of exposure to individual health hazards during pregnancy and lactation, with protective measures in a global strategy of Environmental Hygiene. We hypothesize that such a strategy could reduce both the individual effects of harmful agents in complex mixtures and the possible interactions among them. A panel of experts should develop and endorse implementable measures towards a protective behavior. Their application is meant to be preferably as a package of measures in order to maximize protection and minimize interactions in causing adverse effects. Testing our hypothesis requires biomonitoring studies and longitudinal evaluation of health endpoints in the offspring. Favorable effects would legitimate further action towards equal opportunity access to improved environmental health. CONCLUSION Environmental Hygiene is proposed as a global strategy aiming at effective protection of pregnant women, unborn children and infants against lifelong consequences of exposure to combinations of adverse lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Liège, 600, rue de Gaillarmont, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Tour 4 - 1er étage, 15 Avenue Hippocrate, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Liège, 600, rue de Gaillarmont, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Tour 4 - 1er étage, 15 Avenue Hippocrate, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jos C. S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Environment and Health, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Kwasniewska J, Kus A, Swoboda M, Braszewska-Zalewska A. DNA replication after mutagenic treatment in Hordeum vulgare. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2016; 812:20-28. [PMID: 27908384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial properties of DNA replication in plants related to DNA damage and mutagenesis is poorly understood. Experiments were carried out to explore the relationships between DNA replication, chromatin structure and DNA damage in nuclei from barley root tips. We quantitavely analysed the topological organisation of replication foci using pulse EdU labelling during the S phase and its relationship with the DNA damage induced by mutagenic treatment with maleic hydrazide (MH), nitroso-N-methyl-urea (MNU) and gamma ray. Treatment with mutagens did not change the characteristic S-phase patterns in the nuclei; however, the frequencies of the S-phase-labelled cells after treatment differed from those observed in the control cells. The analyses of DNA replication in barley nuclei were extended to the micronuclei induced by mutagens. Replication in the chromatin of the micronuclei was rare. The results of simultanous TUNEL reaction to identify cells with DNA strand breaks and the labelling of the S-phase cells with EdU revealed the possibility of DNA replication occurring in damaged nuclei. For the first time, the intensity of EdU fluorescence to study the rate of DNA replication was analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kwasniewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Arita Kus
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Swoboda
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Speit G, Schütz P, Bausinger J. Different sensitivities of cultured mammalian cells towards aphidicolin-enhanced DNA effects in the comet assay. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2016; 803-804:22-6. [PMID: 27265376 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay in combination with the polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin (APC) has been used to measure DNA excision repair activity, DNA repair kinetics and individual DNA repair capacity. Since APC can enhance genotoxic effects of mutagens measured by the comet assay, this approach has been proposed for increasing the sensitivity of the comet assay in human biomonitoring. The APC-modified comet assay has mainly been performed with human blood and it was shown that it not only enhances the detection of DNA damage repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER) but also damage typically repaired by base excision repair (BER). Recently, we reported that in contrast to blood leukocytes, A549 cells (a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line) seem to be insensitive towards the repair-inhibiting action of APC. To further elucidate the general usefulness of the APC-modified comet assay for studying repair in cultured mammalian cells, we comparatively investigated further cell lines (HeLa, TK6, V79). DNA damage was induced by BPDE (benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide) and MMS (methyl methanesulfonate) in the absence and presence of APC (3 or 15μM). APC was either added for 2h together with the mutagen or cells were pre-incubated for 30min with APC before the mutagen was added. The results indicate that the cell lines tested differ fundamentally with regard to their sensitivity and specificity towards the repair-inhibiting effect of APC. The actual cause for these differences is still unclear but potential molecular explanations are discussed. Irrespective of the underlying mechanism(s), our study revealed practical limitations of the use of the APC-modified comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Speit
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Petra Schütz
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Bausinger
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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19
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Rezaei M, Khodaei F, Sayah Bargard M, Abasinia M. Long-term methadone intake and genotoxicity in addicted patients. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015; 10:e17008. [PMID: 25866713 PMCID: PMC4386318 DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well known that contact with some physical, chemical or biological compounds can increase the incidence of mutation. Among these compounds, are pharmaceuticals that meet long duration of use and potentially could be misused and taken more than the ordered dosage. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate mutagenic effect of methadone in addicted patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz by single cell gel electrophoresis technic or comet assay. Patients and Methods: In this study, 90 subjects were divided into dichromate treated group, no treated healthy volunteers group and test group. Each group included 30 subjects. Screening was performed according to questionnaire and qualified subjects were entered the study. Blood samples were collected and lymphocytes were isolated, mixed with low melting point agarose for slide preparation according to standard method. Slides were analyzed using fluorescence microscope and comet patterns were assessed. Results: The mutagenicity index in addicted group was robustly higher than healthy volunteers. Fortunately, this significant difference was lower than positive control. Conclusions: Genome instability in addicted patients was demonstrated in this study. Controversially, considering incoherent results of previous studies and our data, more studies in longer duration of methadone use are needed to elucidate the consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran ; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Sayah Bargard
- Educational Development Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mahsa Abasinia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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20
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Bausinger J, Speit G. Induction and repair of DNA damage measured by the comet assay in human T lymphocytes separated by immunomagnetic cell sorting. Mutat Res 2014; 769:42-48. [PMID: 25771724 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is widely used in human biomonitoring to measure DNA damage in whole blood or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as a marker of exposure to genotoxic agents. Cytogenetic assays with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultured T lymphocytes are also frequently performed in human biomonitoring. Cytogenetic effects (micronuclei, chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges) may be induced in vivo but also occur ex vivo during the cultivation of lymphocytes as a consequence of DNA damage present in lymphocytes at the time of sampling. To better understand whether DNA damage measured by the comet assay in PBMC is representative for DNA damage in T cells, we comparatively investigated DNA damage and its repair in PBMC and T cells obtained by immunomagnetic cell sorting. PBMC cultures and T cell cultures were exposed to mutagens with different modes of genotoxic action and DNA damage was measured by the comet assay after the end of a 2h exposure and after 18h post-incubation. The mutagens tested were methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), (±)-anti-B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), styrene oxide and potassium bromate. MMS and potassium bromate were also tested by the modified comet assay with formamido pyrimidine glycosylase (FPG) protein. The results indicate that the mutagens tested induce DNA damage in PBMC and T cells in the same range of concentrations and removal of induced DNA lesions occurs to a comparable extent. Based on these results, we conclude that the comet assay with PBMC is suited to predict DNA damage and its removal in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bausinger
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Günter Speit
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
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21
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Regulska K, Murias M, Stanisz B, Regulski M. The mutagenicity analysis of imidapril hydrochloride and its degradant, diketopiperazine derivative, nitrosation mixtures by in vitro Ames test with two strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2014; 19:412-9. [PMID: 25337415 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The evaluation of mutagenic properties of imidapril hydrochloride (IMD) and its degradation impurity, diketopiperazine derivative (DKP), nitrosation mixtures was conducted in order to analyze the carcinogenic risk of IMD long-term treatment in patients. In this study an in vitro Ames test with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains was used. BACKGROUND IMD and DKP contain nitrogen atoms, which makes them theoretically vulnerable to in vivo nitrosation with the production of N-nitroso compounds (NOC). NOC, in turn, are known animal mutagens indicating that their endogenous production from nitrosable drugs constitutes a carcinogenic hazard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure IMD sample was exposed to forced degradation conditions of increased temperature and dry air in order to achieve a DKP sample. Both samples were then treated with a nitrosating agent and the obtained nitrosation mixtures were subjected to mutagenicity analysis by the Ames test with S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system (S9 mix) using a commercial Ames MPF 98/100 microplate format mutagenicity assay kit. RESULTS None of the six concentrations of the investigated nitrosation mixtures exhibited any mutagenic potential in both S. typhimurium strains. The addition of S9 mix did not alter the non-mutagenic properties of the studied compounds. CONCLUSIONS The nitrite treatment of both studied compounds has no impact on their mutagenic properties under the conditions of the present studies. Hence, IMD and DKP nitrosation mixtures are classified as non-mutagens in this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Regulska
- Greater Poland Cancer Center, 15th Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland ; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 6th Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Toxicology, 30th Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Stanisz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 6th Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Miłosz Regulski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Toxicology, 30th Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
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Orlov S, Goncharova I, Urbanová M. Circular dichroism study of the interaction between mutagens and bilirubin bound to different binding sites of serum albumins. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 126:68-75. [PMID: 24589992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although recent investigations have shown that bilirubin not only has a negative role in the organism but also exhibits significant antimutagenic properties, the mechanisms of interactions between bilirubin and mutagens are not clear. In this study, interaction between bilirubin bound to different binding sites of mammalian serum albumins with structural analogues of the mutagens 2-aminofluorene, 2,7-diaminofluorene and mutagen 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone were investigated by circular dichroism and absorption spectroscopy. Homological human and bovine serum albumins were used as chiral matrices, which preferentially bind different conformers of bilirubin in the primary binding sites and make it observable by circular dichroism. These molecular systems approximated a real system for the study of mutagens in blood serum. Differences between the interaction of bilirubin bound to primary and to secondary binding sites of serum albumins with mutagens were shown. For bilirubin bound to secondary binding sites with low affinity, partial displacement and the formation of self-associates were observed in all studied mutagens. The associates of bilirubin bound to primary binding sites of serum albumins are formed with 2-aminofluorene and 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone. It was proposed that 2,7-diaminofluorene does not interact with bilirubin bound to primary sites of human and bovine serum albumins due to the spatial hindrance of the albumins binding domains. The spatial arrangement of the bilirubin bound to serum albumin along with the studied mutagens was modelled using ligand docking, which revealed a possibility of an arrangement of the both bilirubin and 2-aminofluorene and 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone in the primary binding site of human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Orlov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Iryna Goncharova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Urbanová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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