1
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Liu R, Deng M, Zhang N, Li Y, Jia L, Niu D. NADK-mediated proline synthesis enhances high-salinity tolerance in the razor clam. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 291:111610. [PMID: 38408517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Euryhaline organisms can accumulate organic osmolytes to maintain osmotic balance between their internal and external environments. Proline is a pivotal organic small molecule and plays an important role in osmoregulation that enables marine shellfish to tolerate high-salinity conditions. During high-salinity challenge, NAD kinase (NADK) is involved in de novo synthesis of NADP(H) in living organisms, which serves as a reducing agent for the biosynthetic reactions. However, the role of shellfish NADK in proline biosynthesis remains elusive. In this study, we show the modulation of NADK on proline synthesis in the razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) in response to osmotic stress. Under acute hypersaline conditions, gill tissues exhibited a significant increase in the expression of ScNADK. To elucidate the role of ScNADK in proline biosynthesis, we performed dsRNA interference in the expression of ScNADK in gill tissues to assess proline content and the expression levels of key enzyme genes involved in proline biosynthesis. The results indicate that the knock-down of ScNADK led to a significant decrease in proline content (P<0.01), as well as the expression levels of two proline synthetase genes P5CS and P5CR involved in the glutamate pathway. Razor clams preferred to use ornithine as substrate for proline synthesis when the glutamate pathway is blocked. Exogenous administration of proline greatly improved cell viability and mitigated cell apoptosis in gills. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the important role of ScNADK in augmenting proline production under high-salinity stress, by which the razor clam is able to accommodate salinity variations in the ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Min Deng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liang Jia
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Donghong Niu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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2
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Liang Z, Liu T, Li Q, Zhang G, Zhang B, Du X, Liu J, Chen Z, Ding H, Hu G, Lin H, Zhu F, Luo C. Deciphering the functional landscape of phosphosites with deep neural network. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113048. [PMID: 37659078 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current biochemical approaches have only identified the most well-characterized kinases for a tiny fraction of the phosphoproteome, and the functional assignments of phosphosites are almost negligible. Herein, we analyze the substrate preference catalyzed by a specific kinase and present a novel integrated deep neural network model named FuncPhos-SEQ for functional assignment of human proteome-level phosphosites. FuncPhos-SEQ incorporates phosphosite motif information from a protein sequence using multiple convolutional neural network (CNN) channels and network features from protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using network embedding and deep neural network (DNN) channels. These concatenated features are jointly fed into a heterogeneous feature network to prioritize functional phosphosites. Combined with a series of in vitro and cellular biochemical assays, we confirm that NADK-S48/50 phosphorylation could activate its enzymatic activity. In addition, ERK1/2 are discovered as the primary kinases responsible for NADK-S48/50 phosphorylation. Moreover, FuncPhos-SEQ is developed as an online server.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Liang
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tonghai Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xikun Du
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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3
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Ilter D, Drapela S, Schild T, Ward NP, Adhikari E, Low V, Asara J, Oskarsson T, Lau EK, DeNicola GM, McReynolds MR, Gomes AP. NADK-mediated de novo NADP(H) synthesis is a metabolic adaptation essential for breast cancer metastasis. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102627. [PMID: 36841051 PMCID: PMC9982641 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and metabolic plasticity allow cancer cells to fine-tune their metabolism and adapt to the ever-changing environments of the metastatic cascade, for which lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are of particular importance. NADPH is a central co-factor for both lipid and redox homeostasis, suggesting that cancer cells may require larger pools of NADPH to efficiently metastasize. NADPH is recycled through reduction of NADP+ by several enzymatic systems in cells; however, de novo NADP+ is synthesized only through one known enzymatic reaction, catalyzed by NAD+ kinase (NADK). Here, we show that NADK is upregulated in metastatic breast cancer cells enabling de novo production of NADP(H) and the expansion of the NADP(H) pools thereby increasing the ability of these cells to adapt to the challenges of the metastatic cascade and efficiently metastasize. Mechanistically, we found that metastatic signals lead to a histone H3.3 variant-mediated epigenetic regulation of the NADK promoter, resulting in increased NADK levels in cells with metastatic ability. Together, our work presents a previously uncharacterized role for NADK and de novo NADP(H) production as a contributor to breast cancer progression and suggests that NADK constitutes an important and much needed therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ilter
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stanislav Drapela
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tanya Schild
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan P Ward
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emma Adhikari
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vivien Low
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thordur Oskarsson
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric K Lau
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ana P Gomes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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4
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Zhang R, Zhang K. Mitochondrial NAD kinase in health and disease. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102613. [PMID: 36689815 PMCID: PMC9873681 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), a co-enzyme and an electron carrier, plays crucial roles in numerous biological functions, including cellular metabolism and antioxidation. Because NADP is subcellular-membrane impermeable, eukaryotes compartmentalize NAD kinases (NADKs), the NADP biosynthetic enzymes. Mitochondria are fundamental organelles for energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Ten years after the discovery of the mitochondrial NADK (known as MNADK or NADK2), a significant amount of knowledge has been obtained regarding its functions, mechanism of action, human biology, mouse models, crystal structures, and post-translation modifications. NADK2 phosphorylates NAD(H) to generate mitochondrial NADP(H). NADK2-deficient patients suffered from hyperlysinemia, elevated plasma C10:2-carnitine (due to the inactivity of relevant NADP-dependent enzymes), and neuronal development defects. Nadk2-deficient mice recapitulate key features of NADK2-deficient patients, including metabolic and neuronal abnormalities. Crystal structures of human NADK2 show a dimer, with the NADP+-binding site located at the dimer interface. NADK2 activity is highly regulated by post-translational modifications, including S188 phosphorylation, K76 and K304 acetylation, and C193 S-nitrosylation; mutations in each site affect NADK2 activity and function. In mice, hepatic Nadk2 functions as a major metabolic regulator upon increased energy demands by regulating sirtuin 3 activity and fatty acid oxidation. Hopefully, future research on NADK2 will not only elucidate its functional roles in health and disease but will also pave the way for novel therapeutics for both rare and common diseases, including NADK2 deficiency and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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5
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Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) kinase (NADK) phosphorylates NAD+, thereby producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Both NADK genes and the NADP(H)-producing mechanism are evolutionarily conserved among archaea, bacteria, plants and mammals. In mammals, NADK is activated by phosphorylation and protein-protein interaction. Recent studies conducted using genetically altered models validate the essential role of NADK in cellular redox homeostasis and metabolism in multicellular organisms. Here, we describe the evolutionary conservation, molecular properties, and signaling mechanisms and discuss the pathophysiological significance of NADK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
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6
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Du J, Estrella M, Solorio-Kirpichyan K, Jeffrey PD, Korennykh A. Structure of human NADK2 reveals atypical assembly and regulation of NAD kinases from animal mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200923119. [PMID: 35733246 PMCID: PMC9245612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200923119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All kingdoms of life produce essential nicotinamide dinucleotide NADP(H) using NAD kinases (NADKs). A panel of published NADK structures from bacteria, eukaryotic cytosol, and yeast mitochondria revealed similar tetrameric enzymes. Here, we present the 2.8-Å structure of the human mitochondrial kinase NADK2 with a bound substrate, which is an exception to this uniformity, diverging both structurally and biochemically from NADKs. We show that NADK2 harbors a unique tetramer disruptor/dimerization element, which is conserved in mitochondrial kinases of animals (EMKA) and absent from other NADKs. EMKA stabilizes the NADK2 dimer but prevents further NADK2 oligomerization by blocking the tetramerization interface. This structural change bears functional consequences and alters the activation mechanism of the enzyme. Whereas tetrameric NADKs undergo cooperative activation via oligomerization, NADK2 is a constitutively active noncooperative dimer. Thus, our data point to a unique regulation of NADP(H) synthesis in animal mitochondria achieved via structural adaptation of the NADK2 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Michael Estrella
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Philip D. Jeffrey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Alexei Korennykh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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7
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Leseigneur C, Boucontet L, Duchateau M, Pizarro-Cerda J, Matondo M, Colucci-Guyon E, Dussurget O. NAD kinase promotes Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis by supporting production of virulence factors and protective enzymes. eLife 2022; 11:79941. [PMID: 35723663 PMCID: PMC9208755 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the primary electron donor for reductive reactions that are essential for the biosynthesis of major cell components in all organisms. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of NADP(H) from NAD(H). While the enzymatic properties and physiological functions of NADK have been thoroughly studied, the role of NADK in bacterial pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we used CRISPR interference to knock down NADK gene expression to address the role of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic potential. We find that NADK inhibition drastically decreases mortality of zebrafish infected with S. aureus. Furthermore, we show that NADK promotes S. aureus survival in infected macrophages by protecting bacteria from antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Proteome-wide data analysis revealed that production of major virulence-associated factors is sustained by NADK. We demonstrate that NADK is required for expression of the quorum-sensing response regulator AgrA, which controls critical S. aureus virulence determinants. These findings support a key role for NADK in bacteria survival within innate immune cells and the host during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Leseigneur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Boucontet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS USR2000, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, Plateforme de protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS USR2000, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, Plateforme de protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Emma Colucci-Guyon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France
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8
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Xu M, Ding L, Liang J, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ding M, Huang X. NAD kinase sustains lipogenesis and mitochondrial metabolismthrough fatty acid synthesis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110157. [PMID: 34965438 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid storage in fat tissue is important for energy homeostasis and cellular functions. Through RNAi screening in Drosophila fat body, we found that knockdown of a Drosophila NAD kinase (NADK), which phosphorylates NAD to synthesize NADP de novo, causes lipid storage defects. NADK sustains lipogenesis by maintaining the pool of NADPH. Promoting NADPH production rescues the lipid storage defect in the fat body of NADK RNAi animals. Furthermore, NADK and fatty acid synthase 1 (FASN1) regulate mitochondrial mass and function by altering the levels of acetyl-CoA and fatty acids. Reducing the level of acetyl-CoA or increasing the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondrion-specific phospholipid, partially rescues the mitochondrial defects of NADK RNAi. Therefore, NADK- and FASN1-mediated fatty acid synthesis coordinates lipid storage and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, TaiAn 271016, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Schild T, McReynolds MR, Shea C, Low V, Schaffer BE, Asara JM, Piskounova E, Dephoure N, Rabinowitz JD, Gomes AP, Blenis J. NADK is activated by oncogenic signaling to sustain pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109238. [PMID: 34133937 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations and the signaling events that control them promote the survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at the fibrotic tumor site, overcoming stresses associated with nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Recently, rewiring of NADPH production has been shown to play a key role in this process. NADPH is recycled through reduction of NADP+ by several enzymatic systems in cells. However, de novo NADP+ is synthesized only through one known enzymatic reaction, catalyzed by NAD+ kinase (NADK). In this study, we show that oncogenic KRAS promotes protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated NADK phosphorylation, leading to its hyperactivation, thus sustaining both NADP+ and NADPH levels in PDAC cells. Together, our data show that increased NADK activity is an important adaptation driven by oncogenic signaling. Our findings indicate that NADK could serve as a much-needed therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Schild
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Christie Shea
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vivien Low
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bethany E Schaffer
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elena Piskounova
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Ana P Gomes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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10
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Cap KC, Jung YJ, Choi BY, Hyeon SJ, Kim JG, Min JK, Islam R, Hossain AJ, Chung WS, Suh SW, Ryu H, Park JB. Distinct dual roles of p-Tyr42 RhoA GTPase in tau phosphorylation and ATP citrate lyase activation upon different Aβ concentrations. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101446. [PMID: 32046944 PMCID: PMC7264465 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in plaques and phosphorylation of Tau protein (p-Tau) in neurofibrillary tangles have been identified as two major symptomatic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite of critical role of Aβ and p-Tau in AD progress, the interconnection of signalling pathways that Aβ induces p-Tau remains elusive. Herein, we observed that a popular AD model mouse (APP/PS1) and Aβ-injected mouse showed an increase in p-Tyr42 Rho in hippocampus of brain. Low concentrations of Aβ (1 μM) induced RhoA-mediated Ser422 phosphorylation of Tau protein (p-Ser422 Tau), but reduced the expression of ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in the HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. In contrast, high concentrations of Aβ (10 μM) along with high levels of superoxide production remarkably attenuated accumulation of p-Ser422 Tau, but augmented ACL expression and activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), leading to cellular senescence. Notably, a high concentration of Aβ (10 μM) induced nuclear localization of p-Tyr42 Rho, which positively regulated NAD kinase (NADK) expression by binding to the NADK promoter. Furthermore, severe AD patient brain showed high p-Tyr42 Rho levels. Collectively, our findings indicate that both high and low concentrations of Aβ are detrimental to neurons via distinct two p-Tyr42 RhoA-mediated signalling pathways in Ser422 phosphorylation of Tau and ACL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Yeon-Joo Jung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Jubayer Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Hallym Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; eLmed Co., Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Abstract
NADP+ and its reducing equivalent NADPH are essential for counteracting oxidative damage. Mitochondria are the major source of oxidative stress, since the majority of superoxide is generated from the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Because NADP+ cannot pass through the mitochondrial membrane, NADP+ generation within mitochondria is critical. However, only a single human NAD kinase (NADK) has been identified, and it is localized to the cytosol. Therefore, sources of mitochondrial NADP+ and mechanisms for maintaining its redox balance remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the uncharacterized human gene C5ORF33, named MNADK (mouse homologue 1110020G09Rik), encodes a novel mitochondrion-localized NAD kinase. In mice MNADK is mostly expressed in the liver, and also abundant in brown fat, heart, muscle and kidney, all being mitochondrion-rich. Indeed, MNADK is localized to mitochondria in Hep G2 cells, a human liver cell line, as demonstrated by fluorescence imaging. Having a conserved NAD kinase domain, a recombinant MNADK showed NAD kinase activity, confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. Consistent with a role of NADP+ as a coenzyme in anabolic reactions, such as lipid synthesis, MNADK is nutritionally regulated in mice. Fasting increased MNADK levels in liver and fat, and obesity dramatically reduced its level in fat. MNADK expression was suppressed in human liver tumors. Identification of MNADK immediately suggests a model in which NADK and MNADK are responsible for de novo synthesis of NADP+ in cytosol and mitochondria, respectively, and therefore provides novel insights into understanding the sources and mechanisms of mitochondrial NADP+ and NADH production in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI 48201 , USA
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