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Fodstad EC, Erga AH, Pallesen S, Ushakova A, Erevik EK. Personality traits as predictors of recovery among patients with substance use disorder. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024:209360. [PMID: 38631658 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance use disorder (SUD) is often considered a chronic illness in which prolonged recovery, in terms of abstinence, is uncommon. Personality has been found to predict recovery, but not much is known about its long-term predictive ability as the majority of previous studies have had short follow-up periods (≥ one year). The current longitudinal cohort study therefore investigated whether personality traits predict short- (STR) as well as long-term recovery (LTR) in SUD patients. METHODS Treatment-seeking patients with SUD (n = 123) completed the NEO Personality Inventory - Revised. STR and LTR categories were defined as scoring <8 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - C and <2 on the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test - C at the one-year and 6-8-year follow-up, respectively. Whether personality traits predicted outcome was investigated by two-tailed independent samples t-tests, α < 0.05. Additional analysis was conducted with latent growth curve model. RESULTS Neuroticism (inversely, p = .004, d = 0.55) and Extraversion (p = .04, d = 0.38) predicted STR (n = 114). Although not significant the effect size for Conscientiousness was above the cut-off for a practical significant effect (d = 0.31). No traits predicted LTR category. Still, the effect sizes for LTR regarding Neuroticism (d = 0.36), Extraversion (d = 0.21) and Conscientiousness (d = 0.27) indicated that these traits have relevance for LTR. The latent growth curve model indicated that these traits predicted the short-term use of drugs and long-term use of alcohol in this cohort dominated by patients suffering from severe poly-SUD. CONCLUSION Personality traits predict recovery. The effect sizes indicate that more studies with larger samples on personality traits and LTR are required to understand their possible influences on the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Constance Fodstad
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research (KORFOR), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Aleksander Hagen Erga
- Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Eilin Kristine Erevik
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Yik M, Sze INL, Kwok FHC, Lin SY. Mapping Chinese Personality: An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the NEO-PI-3 in Monolingual and Bilingual Studies. Assessment 2023; 30:2031-2049. [PMID: 36382787 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221126921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The NEO-PI-3 is a fourth-generation instrument that has been shown to improve the psychometrics and readability of its immediate precedent, the NEO-PI-R. We examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 using three datasets (Ns = 913, 299, 403) collected using both monolingual and bilingual designs. The Chinese NEO-PI-3 scales displayed a five-factor structure in which the facets had the highest loadings on their intended factors. The structure demonstrated strong invariance across both languages (English vs. Chinese) and gender groups, maintained high test-retest reliability, and attained slightly better internal consistency than the NEO-PI-R. We also examined the affective underpinnings of personality factors and well-being measures using the Chinese Circumplex Model of Affect. Consistent with past findings, Neuroticism and Extraversion were most related to affect, while Satisfaction with Life and Subjective Happiness shared the affective core of pleasant feelings and medium arousal. Based on these results, the Chinese NEO-PI-3 appears to be a sound instrument to measure personality in Chinese communities and to compare personality across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yik
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Irene N L Sze
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Felity H C Kwok
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Shiang-Yi Lin
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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Cai B, He H, Wang A, Zhang M. Levels of neuroticism can predict attentional performance during cross-modal nonspatial repetition inhibition. Atten Percept Psychophys 2022. [PMID: 36253587 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the slower response to targets presented at previously attended locations, and such repetition-induced inhibition has been found to be differentially associated with personality traits. Although it has been well documented how personality traits affect spatial IOR, a mechanism associated with the attentional orienting network, there is not yet a consensus as to the relationship between personality traits and nonspatial repetition inhibition, a mechanism associated with the attentional executive network. The present study herein examined how the Big Five personality traits relate to cross-modal nonspatial repetition inhibition. Participants completed the NEO-PI-R and performed a cross-modal nonspatial repetition inhibition task built on the prime-neutral cue-target paradigm, in which the relationships of the identities and modalities between the prime and the target were manipulated. The results showed a significant nonspatial inhibitory effect and the effect was larger under the visual-auditory condition than under the auditory-visual condition. More importantly, neuroticism was associated with decreased cross-modal nonspatial inhibitory effect, presumably due to impaired attentional control. However, such a result was only found in the visual-auditory condition. We propose that retrieving previous prime representations under the visual-auditory condition requires a large consumption of cognitive resources, making inhibitory control more difficult for individuals with high neuroticism. These findings provide new insight into the influence of personality traits on attentional performance requiring nonspatial inhibitory control and enrich the relationship between neuroticism and repetition-induced inhibition.
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Bętkowska-Korpała B, Pastuszak-Draxler A, Olszewska-Turek K, Sikora-Zych K, Epa R, Starowicz-Filip A. Personality characteristics of empathy profiles - practical implications for education of medicine students. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:376. [PMID: 35578223 PMCID: PMC9112556 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy plays the key role in the doctor - patient relationship. The research of empathy determinants plays an important role in formulating practical guidelines for the education of medical students. The aim of this study was to analyse personality characteristics of empathy profiles among students of medicine, with consideration of chief personality factors and their subdimensions according to the FFM model. METHODS During workshops in Clinical Psychological Skills, 153 students (M = 57, F = 96; mean age 23 years) analysed their psychological functioning styles by examining their personality profiles and empathy indicators. Empathic Sensitiveness Scale (ESS) and Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were applied for this purpose. The analyses of empathy indicators were presented by means of cluster analysis. Variance analysis with post hoc Tukey-b test was performed for differences between clusters and to differentiate between personality factors and their components in empathy clusters. This study was approved by the Jagiellonian University Bioethics Committee (approval number: 1072.6120.175.2018 date: 28.06.2018). RESULTS The first cluster included students who presented high empathetic concern for others, understood their perspective and needs characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, high levels of other dimensions The second group included students who could understand others very well, yet with lower tendency to react emotionally to suffering, characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, high Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness. The third cluster included students who react strongly to painful and unpleasant reactions of others, characterised by high Neuroticism and Agreeableness, low Extraversion. CONCLUSIONS Each empathy profile is manifested in relations with patients in a specific way. Medical education in empathy holds great potential to reduce anxiety, stress, and burnout associated with the medical profession. Discussion of individual results with students, gives an opportunity to talk about how their empathy and personality characteristics may influence their everyday medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital in Cracow, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Pastuszak-Draxler
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital in Cracow, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Olszewska-Turek
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital in Cracow, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Sikora-Zych
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Roksana Epa
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital in Cracow, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital in Cracow, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
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Correia F, Medeiros AB, Castelhano L, Cavilhas P, Escada P. Personality and psychopathology in Ménière's disease. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2021; 72:344-351. [PMID: 34844672 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Psychological factors in vertigo patients have been extensively studied but the role of anxiety and personality traits in the clinical course of Ménière's disease (MD) is unknown. The objectives of this study are to identify and characterize psychopathology in MD and to find risk factors for an increased rate and intensity of crisis and chronic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a transversal study in all patients diagnosed with definite MD in our department during a 5-year period. Sample subjects were interviewed in 3 steps: first, an otorhinolaryngologist collected information about clinical and pharmacological background of MD; second, a psychiatrist screened for mood, anxiety and personality disorders; in a third stage, the patient completed the DHI (Dizziness Handicap Inventory), STAI-Y (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), NEO-PI-R (Neo Personality Inventory Reviewed) and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for vertigo and dizziness. Statistical analysis was performed to search for risk factors for multiple and intense crisis and chronic symptoms. RESULTS Thirty-four patients completed all 3 phases of the study. A predominant dysfunctional personality trait was identified in 80% of patients (predominantly cluster C type), 35% were being treated with psychiatric medication and 34.4% had a considerable mood or anxiety disorder. All patients scored high (>7) in VAS during crisis. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between crisis rate and STAI, anxiety-subscale (N1) in NEO-PI-R, VAS and DHI scores (p<.044). Crises were more common in bilateral MD (p=.041). DHI scores were higher with higher STAI and N1 (p=.001). Disease duration and pure tone average were found to have a positive moderate correlation (p=.017). CONCLUSIONS The positive correlations between crisis rate, chronic dizziness and anxiety-related personality traits reveal a bidirectional and intimate relationship between personality, anxiety and MD, affecting these patients' quality of life. These results support the relevance of prospecting adjuvant psychological and psychiatric approaches to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Correia
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Beatriz Medeiros
- Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Luís Castelhano
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cavilhas
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Escada
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fagerberg T, Söderman E, Gustavsson JP, Agartz I, G Jönsson E. Swedish Universities Scales of Personality: Relation to Other Personality Instruments. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:373-384. [PMID: 33910329 PMCID: PMC8169328 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) and scales of the following personality instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R axis II screening questionnaire (SCID-II screen), revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R), revised Chapman scales (Chapman) and the psychotic traits questionnaire (STQ). METHODS Healthy individuals (n=406) completed self-report personality questionnaires including SSP and at least one more personality inventory. Correlations were calculated between the 13 different SSP subscales as well as SSP's three factors and factors and scales/subscales in SCID-II screen, NEO-PI-R, Chapman and STQ. The main factors of the various instruments were factor analysed. ICC were calculated. RESULTS SSP Neuroticism factor correlated with SCID-II cluster C (r=0.71), NEO Neuroticism (r=0.80) and Chapman Social anhedonia (r=0.62). SSP Extraversion factor correlated with NEO Extraversion (r=0.63) and SSP Aggressiveness factor with NEO Agreeableness (r=-0.62). Strong correlations between SSP factors and scales and scales of the other instruments were sparse, although weaker correlations were common. CONCLUSION SSP is a useful investigation tool when measuring personality traits related to temperament-like features. SSP partly correlates well to especially three of the NEO-PI-R factors. The different personality inventories are not completely comparable to each other. Instead, they measure personality aspects in partly different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fagerberg
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Söderman
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Petter Gustavsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.,NORMENT-TOP Study, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.,NORMENT-TOP Study, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kennair LEO, Solem S, Hagen R, Havnen A, Nysaeter TE, Hjemdal O. Change in personality traits and facets (Revised NEO Personality Inventory) following metacognitive therapy or cognitive behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:872-881. [PMID: 33338315 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to discover whether psychological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was associated with changes in the big five personality traits and their facets. METHOD Patients with GAD were randomized either to receive cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT, n = 28) or metacognitive therapy (MCT, n = 32). Before and after 12 sessions of treatment, 55 of the patients completed the full Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (240 items). RESULTS Patients with GAD showed a personality profile with high Neuroticism and lower Extraversion and Openness. Treatment across conditions was associated with significant reduction in Neuroticism and increased Extraversion and Openness. There were no significant changes in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. However, their facets of Actions and Trust increased. Post-treatment levels of neuroticism were associated with symptoms of worry before and after therapy, whereas post-treatment extraversion was related to depressive symptoms after treatment. MCT was associated with greater reduction of Neuroticism than CBT. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that efficient treatment for a specific disorder resulted in changes across NEO-PI-R factors and facets and that more efficient treatment results in greater change. If this reflects a reduced trait vulnerability for mental disorder, this might provide evidence of relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stian Solem
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roger Hagen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Correia F, Medeiros AB, Castelhano L, Cavilhas P, Escada P. Personality and psychopathology in Ménière's disease. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2020; 72:S0001-6519(20)30152-7. [PMID: 33059851 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Psychological factors in vertigo patients have been extensively studied but the role of anxiety and personality traits in the clinical course of Ménière's disease (MD) is unknown. The objectives of this study are to identify and characterize psychopathology in MD and to find risk factors for an increased rate and intensity of crisis and chronic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a transversal study in all patients diagnosed with definite MD in our department during a 5-year period. Sample subjects were interviewed in 3 steps: first, an otorhinolaryngologist collected information about clinical and pharmacological background of MD; second, a psychiatrist screened for mood, anxiety and personality disorders; in a third stage, the patient completed the DHI (Dizziness Handicap Inventory), STAI-Y (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), NEO-PI-R (Neo Personality Inventory Reviewed) and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for vertigo and dizziness. Statistical analysis was performed to search for risk factors for multiple and intense crisis and chronic symptoms. RESULTS Thirty-four patients completed all 3 phases of the study. A predominant dysfunctional personality trait was identified in 80% of patients (predominantly cluster C type), 35% were being treated with psychiatric medication and 34.4% had a considerable mood or anxiety disorder. All patients scored high (>7) in VAS during crisis. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between crisis rate and STAI, anxiety-subscale (N1) in NEO-PI-R, VAS and DHI scores (p<.044). Crises were more common in bilateral MD (p=.041). DHI scores were higher with higher STAI and N1 (p=.001). Disease duration and pure tone average were found to have a positive moderate correlation (p=.017). CONCLUSIONS The positive correlations between crisis rate, chronic dizziness and anxiety-related personality traits reveal a bidirectional and intimate relationship between personality, anxiety and MD, affecting these patients' quality of life. These results support the relevance of prospecting adjuvant psychological and psychiatric approaches to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Correia
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Beatriz Medeiros
- Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Luís Castelhano
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cavilhas
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Escada
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal
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Brouwer S, van Zon SKR, Bültmann U, Riese H, Jeronimus BF. Personality as a Resource for Labor Market Participation among Individuals with Chronic Health Conditions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6240. [PMID: 32867344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: The link between personality traits and employment status in individuals with chronic health conditions (CHCs) is largely unexplored. In this study, we examined this association among 21,173 individuals with CHCs and whether this association differs between individuals suffering from a heart disease, depression, anxiety, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, musculoskeletal disease (MSD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study was conducted using baseline data from the Lifelines Cohort Study. Employment status and the presence of CHCs were determined by questionnaire data. The Revised Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) was used to measure eight personality facet traits. We conducted disease-generic and disease-specific logistic regression analyses. Results: Workers with higher scores on self-consciousness (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.02), impulsivity (1.03; 1.02-1.04), excitement seeking (1.02; 1.01-1.02), competence (1.08; 1.07-1.10) and self-discipline (1.04; 1.03-1.05) were more often employed. Adults with higher scores on anger-hostility (0.97; 0.97-0.98), vulnerability (0.98; 0.97-0.99), and deliberation (0.96; 0.95-0.97) were least often employed. Personality facets were associated strongest with employment status among individuals suffering from MSD and weakest in individuals with T2DM. Conclusions: Personality might be a key resource to continue working despite having a CHC. This may be relevant for the development of targeted personality-focused interventions.
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Calland AR, Siegler IC, Costa PT, Ross LM, Zucker N, French R, Hauser E, Huffman KM. Associations of self-reported eating disorder behaviors and personality in a college-educated sample. Appetite 2020; 151:104669. [PMID: 32179014 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to better understand factors motivating eating disorder (ED) behaviors and better identify persons at-risk for these behaviors, we sought to identify which personality domains and facets were associated with behaviors for weight control. METHODS ED behavior information was gathered from the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study using the question, "have you ever used any of the following to lose weight?" Respondents endorsed any combination of the following: "Vomiting," "Fasting," "Laxatives," "Excessive physical exercise." Personality was measured using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). One-way ANOVAs were performed comparing personality domains and facets to reported ED behaviors, computed both as separate behaviors and the number of cumulative behaviors. RESULTS Of 3496 respondents, 9.41% endorsed ever having used at least one ED behavior, with the majority endorsing only a single ED behavior. For both sexes, endorsing greater numbers of ED behaviors was associated with higher scores on Neuroticism and Openness. For women, the strongest associations for behaviors with personality were: excessive exercise with high Impulsiveness; fasting with high Impulsiveness and low Gregariousness; laxative use/purging with high scores on Activity and Feelings. For men, the strongest associations were: excessive exercise with high Impulsiveness; fasting with high Ideas; laxative use/purging with low Modesty. DISCUSSION Data collected from this sample showed a sex-modulated pattern of association between personality domains and facets with ED behaviors. Our findings support that obtaining personality profiles of individuals exhibiting subclinical eating behaviors will enhance our understanding of who is at risk of developing an ED diagnosis.
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Oh M, Kim JW, Yoon NH, Lee SA, Lee SM, Kang WS. Differences in Personality, Defense Styles, and Coping Strategies in Individuals with Depressive Disorder According to Age Groups Across the Lifespan. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:911-918. [PMID: 31801315 PMCID: PMC6933140 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the differences in personality, defense style, and coping styles among patients with depression according to age groups. METHODS A total of 211 participants ranging from 19 to 81 years old were recruited for the study. To assess participants' five dimensions of personality, the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) was administered. In addition, the Korean-Defense Style Questionnaire and the Korean version of the coping checklist were administered to examine the defense and coping style. RESULTS In the analysis of NEO-PI-R, the mean value of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism showed significant differences between the young adult age group (20-34 years) and the late middle age group (50-64 years) (p<0.05). The young age group used more immature defense styles and made less use of problem-focused coping strategy than the old age patients (65 years and older) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In the young age group associations with lower Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, as well as higher Neuroticism than the late middle age group were observed. Moreover, the young age group had a higher usage of immature defense style, and restricted use of problem-focused coping style than other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miae Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-He Yoon
- Department of Health Administration, Hanyang Cyber University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sub Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kobayashi-Noami K, Maruo K, Sakamoto T, Takahashi Y, Horikoshi M. [Personality traits of Japanese patients with focal dystonia-Variable classification by affected body part and occupation]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2019; 59:791-798. [PMID: 31761830 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We administered the Revised Neo Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) to 92 Japanese patients with focal dystonia and analyzed the relation of their personality traits, affected body parts, and occupations using a decision tree method. Results show that participants' personality traits were related to their occupation rather than the body part. Occupational dystonia patients including musicians exhibited neurotic tendencies and a high level of anxiety. Moreover, patients with occupational upper limb dystonia had realistic thinking patterns. Patients with musicians' dystonia were open about their emotional experiences: both positive and negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kobayashi-Noami
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.,Department of Education Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Masaru Horikoshi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
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13
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Alonso NB, de Albuquerque M, Vidal-Dourado M, Cavicchioli LH, Mazetto L, de Araújo Filho GM, de Figueiredo Ferreira Guilhoto LM, Centeno RS, Yacubian EMT. Revisiting personality in epilepsy: Differentiation of personality in two epilepsies starting in adolescence. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:75-82. [PMID: 31195327 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate personality characteristics and clinical parameters in two well-defined epilepsies: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) through NEO Revised Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Neurobehavior Inventory (NBI) standardized instruments. METHODS One hundred patients undergoing corticoamygdalohippocampectomy (CAH), 100 patients with JME, and 100 control subjects answered the personality measures. Clinical parameters such as psychiatric symptoms, seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, and side of the lesion in MTLE/HS group were investigated. Statistical analysis consisted of the mean and standard deviation (SD) of each variable. Student's t-test or Fisher exact test were used according to the variable studied. RESULTS The three groups were within the average range of NEO-PI-R and NBI, although 'tendencies' and differences were demonstrated. The MTLE/HS and control subjects had a similar profile: low scores in Neuroticism and high in Conscientiousness (r = -0.330; p < 0.001/r = -0.567; p < 0.001, respectively) in opposition to what occurred in JME, low in Conscientiousness and high in Neuroticism (r = -0.509; p = 0.005). The NBI 'sense of personal destiny' trait was higher (3.15; p = 0.003) in MTLE/HS than in JME and controls. The JME 'law and order' scores were lower than in other groups (p = 0.024). A tendency towards specific NBI traits differentiates MTLE/HS (Factor 3) from JME (Factor 1) groups. Psychiatric symptoms and seizure frequency were correlated with worse scores in NBI and, especially, in Neuroticism domain of NEO-PI-R. CONCLUSION Specific personality features were linked to each epileptic disease. These findings highlight the importance of considering unique features linked to epilepsy conditions in daily clinical observation to develop support programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Barreira Alonso
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marly de Albuquerque
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vidal-Dourado
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lenon Mazetto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Silva Centeno
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether psilocybin with psychological support modulates personality parameters in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHOD Twenty patients with moderate or severe, unipolar, TRD received oral psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, one week apart) in a supportive setting. Personality was assessed at baseline and at 3-month follow-up using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), the subjective psilocybin experience with Altered State of Consciousness (ASC) scale, and depressive symptoms with QIDS-SR16. RESULTS Neuroticism scores significantly decreased while Extraversion increased following psilocybin therapy. These changes were in the direction of the normative NEO-PI-R data and were both predicted, in an exploratory analysis, by the degree of insightfulness experienced during the psilocybin session. Openness scores also significantly increased following psilocybin, whereas Conscientiousness showed trend-level increases, and Agreeableness did not change. CONCLUSION Our observation of changes in personality measures after psilocybin therapy was mostly consistent with reports of personality change in relation to conventional antidepressant treatment, although the pronounced increases in Extraversion and Openness might constitute an effect more specific to psychedelic therapy. This needs further exploration in future controlled studies, as do the brain mechanisms of postpsychedelic personality change.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Erritzoe
- Centre for NeuropsychopharmacologyDivision of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - L. Roseman
- Centre for NeuropsychopharmacologyDivision of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. M. Nour
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKings College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - M. Kaelen
- Centre for NeuropsychopharmacologyDivision of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. J. Nutt
- Centre for NeuropsychopharmacologyDivision of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - R. L. Carhart‐Harris
- Centre for NeuropsychopharmacologyDivision of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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15
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Luchetti M, Sutin AR, Delitala A, Stephan Y, Fiorillo E, Marongiu M, Masala M, Schlessinger D, Terracciano A. Personality traits and facets linked with self-reported alcohol consumption and biomarkers of liver health. Addict Behav 2018. [PMID: 29525559 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines whether the association between Five Factor Model personality traits and alcohol consumption extends beyond self-report to biomarkers of alcohol consumption. METHODS Community-dwelling adults from Sardinia (N = 5380), Italy, completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory and reported on alcohol consumption, while traditional biomarkers of heavy drinking, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were assayed from blood samples. RESULTS Associations between self-report measures were modest but consistent with previous findings on the link between personality and alcohol use. For instance, higher scores on the order and self-discipline facets of conscientiousness were associated with reduced risk of heavy alcohol consumption. Personality was also associated with GGT, though effects were small. Personality was unrelated to other biomarkers of liver health. CONCLUSIONS This study adds multi-method evidence in support of a link between personality and health behaviors.
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shen C, Ye Y, Shen S, Zhang B, Wang J, Chen W, Wang W. Relationship between hypnosis and personality trait in participants with high or low hypnotic susceptibility. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1007-1012. [PMID: 28435270 PMCID: PMC5388343 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s134930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between normal personality and hypnotic susceptibility is important for understanding mental processing and mental disorders, but it is less consistent in normal people or in patients with a psychiatric disorder. We have hypothesized that the correlation exists but varies in individuals with different levels of hypnotizability. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We invited 72 individuals with high (HIGH group) and 47 individuals with low (LOW group) hypnotic susceptibilities to undertake tests of NEO-PI-R and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSSC). RESULTS The HIGH group scored significantly higher than the LOW group did on openness to experience and its facet openness to feelings. In the LOW group, SHSSC total was positively predicted by openness to ideas; age regression was positively predicted by openness to experience and negatively predicted by extraversion; anosmia to ammonia was negatively predicted by agreeableness; and negative visual hallucination was positively predicted by openness to experience. In the HIGH group, hallucinated voice was positively predicted by openness to experience and negatively predicted by agreeableness, and posthypnotic amnesia was positively predicted by extraversion and negatively predicted by openness to experience. CONCLUSION The associations between normal personality traits and hypnotic susceptibility items were weak and different in the two groups, which imply that managing mental or somatoform disorders might be through adjusting hypnotizability and mobilizing personality functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health.,Department of Mental Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunke Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health
| | - Chanchan Shen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health.,Department of Mental Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health
| | - Si Shen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health
| | - Bingren Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health.,Department of Mental Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health.,Department of Mental Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mental Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health.,Department of Mental Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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17
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Larsen IU, Mortensen EL, Vinther-Jensen T, Nielsen JE, Knudsen GM, Vogel A. Personality traits in Huntington's disease: An exploratory study of gene expansion carriers and non-carriers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:1153-1160. [PMID: 27714917 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is associated with risk for developing psychiatric symptoms. Vulnerability or resilience to psychiatric symptoms may be associated with personality traits. This exploratory study, aimed to investigate personality traits in a large cohort of HD carriers and at risk gene-expansion negative individuals (HD non-carriers), exploring whether carrying the HD gene or growing up in an HD family influences personality traits. Forty-seven HD carriers, Thirty-nine HD non-carriers, and 121 healthy controls answered the Danish version of the revised NEO personality inventory. Comparisons between HD carriers and HD non-carriers were mostly non-significant but the combined group of HD carriers and non-carriers showed significantly higher scores on the facets: "hostility," "assertiveness," and "activity" and on the trait "Conscientiousness" relative to controls, "Conscientiousness" have been associated with resilience to psychiatric symptoms. Twelve HD carriers and non-carriers were classified as depressed and showed significantly lower scores on "Extraversion" and "Conscientiousness" and significantly higher scores on "Neuroticism," which are associated with vulnerability to psychiatric symptoms. Our findings suggest that, there is no direct effect of the HD gene on personality traits, but that personality assessment may be relevant to use when identifying individuals from HD families who are vulnerable to develop psychiatric symptoms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Unmack Larsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tua Vinther-Jensen
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Erik Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmus Vogel
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Abad FJ, Sorrel MA, Garcia LF, Aluja A. Modeling General, Specific, and Method Variance in Personality Measures: Results for ZKA-PQ and NEO-PI-R. Assessment 2016; 25:959-977. [PMID: 27637740 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116667547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary models of personality assume a hierarchical structure in which broader traits contain narrower traits. Individual differences in response styles also constitute a source of score variance. In this study, the bifactor model is applied to separate these sources of variance for personality subscores. The procedure is illustrated using data for two personality inventories-NEO Personality Inventory-Revised and Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire. The inclusion of the acquiescence method factor generally improved the fit to acceptable levels for the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire, but not for the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. This effect was higher in subscales where the number of direct and reverse items is not balanced. Loadings on the specific factors were usually smaller than the loadings on the general factor. In some cases, part of the variance was due to domains being different from the main one. This information is of particular interest to researchers as they can identify which subscale scores have more potential to increase predictive validity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Francisco Garcia
- 1 Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2 Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Anton Aluja
- 2 Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain.,3 University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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19
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Koerting J, Pukrop R, Klein P, Ritter K, Knowles M, Banzhaf A, Gentschow L, Vater A, Heuser I, Colla M, Roepke S. Comparing Dimensional Models Assessing Personality Traits and Personality Pathology Among Adult ADHD and Borderline Personality Disorder. J Atten Disord 2016. [PMID: 23190611 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712464391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study was a comparison of dimensional models assessing personality traits and personality pathology in a clinical sample of adults diagnosed with ADHD and adults diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), and a nonclinical control sample of healthy adults. METHOD Personality traits were assessed using the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) and dimensional personality pathology with the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ). RESULTS Adults with ADHD and BPD produced higher Emotional Dysregulation/Neuroticism and Dissocial Behavior scores than controls. For the Extraversion/Inhibitedness scale, adults with BPD produced significantly lower scores than adults with ADHD and controls. On the Conscientiousness/Compulsivity domains, Conscientiousness scores were lower for both disorders, whereas low Compulsivity values were specific to adult ADHD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with adult ADHD and BPD have distinguishable profiles of personality traits and personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Roepke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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20
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Stipdonk L, Lieftink A, Bouwen J, Wijnen F. Extraversion and communication attitude in people who stutter: A preliminary study. J Fluency Disord 2014; 42:13-20. [PMID: 25239798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between the personality trait extraversion and the communication attitude in people who stutter (PWS). METHOD Thirty PWS completed Erickson's Communication Attitude Scale (S-24) (Andrews & Cutler, 1974) as well as a Dutch adaptation of the extraversion scale of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Hoekstra, Ormel, & Fruyt, 1996). RESULTS The communication attitude scores correlated significantly with the extraversion scores: PWS with a more negative communication attitude were more introvert and PWS with a more positive attitude were more extravert. CONCLUSION This result suggests that the S-24 is not only sensitive to communication attitude in relation to speech impairment, but also to the respondent's degree of extraversion. Consequently, assessment of communication attitude needs to be re-thought so as to take personality factors into account. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES Readers should be able to: (a) describe the difference between temperament and personality; (b) describe what the S-24 Communication Attitude Scale measures in PWS; (c) describe how the personality trait extraversion may influence the communication attitude in PWS; (d) describe how the extraversion scale is correlated to the communication attitude scale according to the authors of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stipdonk
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A Lieftink
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Bouwen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Wijnen
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance are potentially important aspects of pain experience and management, but have not been investigated in episodic headache sufferers or in relation to experimentally-evoked headache. OBJECTIVE To determine whether adult insecure attachment styles were associated with sensitivity to pain or headache before, during or after stressful mental arithmetic in an episodic migraine or tension-type headache (T-TH) sample. METHODS Thirty-eight participants with episodic migraine, 28 with episodic T-TH and 20 headache-free participants intermittently received a mild electric shock to the forehead before, during and after stressful mental arithmetic. RESULTS A preoccupied attachment style and attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, were associated with forehead pain and the intensity of headache before and after, but not during stressful mental arithmetic. These relationships were independent of Five Factor Model personality traits. Neither attachment anxiety nor avoidance was associated with episodic migraine or T-TH. CONCLUSIONS Anxiously attached individuals may express greater pain or show a stronger attentional bias toward painful sensations than securely attached individuals. However, distraction during psychological stress may override this attentional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita K M Berry
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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22
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Taki Y, Thyreau B, Kinomura S, Sato K, Goto R, Wu K, Kawashima R, Fukuda H. A longitudinal study of the relationship between personality traits and the annual rate of volume changes in regional gray matter in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:3347-53. [PMID: 22807062 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether personality traits affect the rate of decline of gray matter volume, we analyzed the relationships between personality traits and the annual rate of changes of gray matter volume in 274 healthy community dwelling subjects with a large age range by applying a longitudinal design over 6 years, using brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) at baseline. Brain MRI data were processed using voxel-based morphometry with a custom template by applying the DARTEL diffeomorphic registration tool. For each subject, we used NEO-PI-R to evaluate the five major personality traits, including neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The results show that the annual rate of change in regional gray matter volume in the right inferior parietal lobule was correlated significantly and negatively with a personality of openness, which is known to be related to intellect, intellectual curiosity, and creativity adjusting for age, gender, and intracranial volume. This result indicates that subjects with a personality trait of less openness have an accelerated loss of gray matter volume in the right inferior parietal lobule, compared with subjects with a personality trait of more openness. Because the right inferior parietal lobule is involved in higher cognitive function such as working memory and creativity, a personality trait of openness is thought to be important for preserving gray matter volume and cognitive function of the right inferior parietal lobule in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Hoppenbrouwers SS, Farzan F, Barr MS, Voineskos AN, Schutter DJLG, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ. Personality goes a long a way: an interhemispheric connectivity study. Front Psychiatry 2010; 1:140. [PMID: 21423449 PMCID: PMC3059614 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the development of psychology the delineation of personality has played a central role. Together with the NEO-PI-R, a questionnaire derived from the Five Factor Model of Personality, and recent advances in research technology it is now possible to investigate the relationship between personality features and neurophysiological brain processes. The NEO-FFI, the short version of the NEO-PI-R, reliably measures five main personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. As behavior and some psychiatric disorders have been related to interhemispheric connectivity, the present study used the combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to measure frontal interhemispheric connectivity and its association with personality as indexed by the NEO-FFI. Results demonstrated that prefrontal interhemispheric connectivity between the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex correlates with Agreeableness in healthy subjects. This is the first study to relate personality features to interhemispheric connectivity through TMS-EEG and suggests that Agreeableness relates to the effectiveness of prefrontal communication between hemispheres.
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24
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Abstract
The Five Factor Model (FFM) traits of agreeableness and extraversion are rotational equivalents of the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) dimensions of affiliation and control. Given that the NEO-PI-R is a widely used measure of the FFM, availability of IPC dimension scales within this inventory could facilitate integration of FFM and interpersonal perspectives. In a study of 301 married couples, we evaluated an IPC scoring system for the NEO-PI-R (Wiggins & Trobst, 1998) comprising 6-item octant scales and composites representing control and affiliation. The octant scales demonstrated expected circular structure. Octant and dimension scales demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity, in analyses of self-report and spouse-rating versions of this IPC measure and the Impact Message Inventory. Further, extraversion corresponded to friendly dominance in the IPC and agreeableness to submissive friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul T Costa
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging
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