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Peters H, Garbe A, Breil SM, Oberst S, Selch S, Holzhausen Y. Big five personality traits of medical students and workplace performance in the final clerkship year using an EPA framework. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:453. [PMID: 38664702 PMCID: PMC11044476 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The qualities of trainees play a key role in entrustment decisions by clinical supervisors for the assignments of professional tasks and levels of supervision. A recent body of qualitative research has shown that in addition to knowledge and skills, a number of personality traits are relevant in the workplace; however, the relevance of these traits has not been investigated empirically. The aim of this study was to analyse the workplace performance of final-year medical students using an Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) framework in relation to their personality traits. METHODS Medical students at the end of their final clerkship year were invited to participate in an online survey-based, cross-sectional field study. In the survey, the workplace performance was captured using a framework consisting of levels of experienced supervision and a defined set of 12 end-of-undergraduate medical training EPAs. The Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) of the participating medical students were measured using the Big Five Inventory-SOEP (BFI-S), which consists of 15 items that are rated on a seven-point Likert scale. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The study included 880 final-year medical students (mean age: 27.2 years, SD = 3.0; 65% female). The levels of supervision under which the final-year clerkship students carried out the EPAs varied considerably. Significant correlations were found between the levels of experienced supervision and all Big Five dimensions The correlations with the dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness were positive, and that for the neuroticism dimension was negative (range r = 0.17 to r = - 0.23). Multiple regression analyses showed that the combination of the Big Five personality traits accounted for 0.8-7.5% of the variance in supervision levels on individual EPAs. CONCLUSIONS Using the BFI-S, we found that the levels of supervision on a set of end-of-undergraduate medical training EPAs were related to the personality traits of final-year medical students. The results of this study confirm the existing body of research on the role of conscientiousness and extraversion in entrustment decision-making and, in particular, add the personality trait of neuroticism as a new and relevant trainee quality to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Peters
- Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Educational Research, Deans´Office of Study Affairs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Amelie Garbe
- Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Educational Research, Deans´Office of Study Affairs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon M Breil
- Institute for Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oberst
- Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Educational Research, Deans´Office of Study Affairs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Selch
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ylva Holzhausen
- Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Educational Research, Deans´Office of Study Affairs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Isbulan O, Cam E, Griffiths MD. The mediating effect of social network identity management on the relationship between personality traits and social media addiction among pre-service teachers. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:146. [PMID: 38486341 PMCID: PMC10938688 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social media has become an important part individuals' daily lives and is used in many daily life activities, such as social interaction, education, and shopping. However, with the increase in the use of social media, a minority of individuals can experience problematic use (and in extreme cases, 'social media addiction'). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of personality traits on social media addiction and the mediating role of social network identity management in this relationship among preservice teachers. METHODS The data were collected from 275 pre-service teachers at a university in Türkiye. The survey included the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), the Social Network Identity Management Scale, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and a personal information form. RESULTS The findings of the study indicated that there was a relationship between personality traits, social network identity management, and social media addiction. Specifically, neuroticism was positively associated with social media addiction, whereas extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were negatively associated. The results also indicated that social network identity management mediated the effect of personality traits on social media addiction. CONCLUSION Given that the present investigation was only a preliminary study, further research is needed to examine whether social network identity management is an important determinant in understanding the relationship between personality traits and social media addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Isbulan
- Faculty of Education, Computer Education and Instructional Technologies Department, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Emre Cam
- Computer Technologies Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Bleidorn W, Hopwood CJ. A motivational framework of personality development in late adulthood. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101731. [PMID: 38007918 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analytic evidence shows that most personality traits tend to increase through early adulthood and middle age but decrease in late adulthood, whereas Emotional Stability continues to increase throughout late adulthood. We propose that these normative patterns of personality development can be explained by motivational theories of aging. Specifically, decreases in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience may reflect a reduced capacity to control one's environment, whereas continued increases in Emotional Stability reflect increases in individual's ability to compensate and cope with age-graded losses. Pairing motivational theories of aging with longitudinal evidence in personality science provides an explanation for empirical patterns of personality trait development and raises interesting possibilities to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Bleidorn
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/7, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher J Hopwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/7, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland
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Butler M, Turiano N, Buckley L, McGeehan M, O'Súilleabháin PS. Neuroticism facets and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111500. [PMID: 37832272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review sought to summarize comprehensively the research investigating the association between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. METHODS A systematic review of prospective cohort studies utilizing rigorous reporting methods was conducted. Six electronic bibliographic databases, MEDLINE [Ovid], Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, were searched for eligible studies using keywords encompassing personality traits and mortality. Articles from inception to January 2023 were reviewed. The risk of bias was also assessed. RESULTS Six of the 2358 identified studies met the inclusion criteria for extraction. Included studies had 335,715 participants, of whom 3.23% died. Participants ages at baseline ranged from 20 to 102, and 54% were female. Five of the six studies reported statistically significant associations between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. Several underlying facets were reported to be associated with an increased mortality risk, namely vulnerability, cynicism, pessimistic, anxious, and depressive facets. Inadequacy, and worried-vulnerable were reported as protective. One study reported protective effects for impulsiveness, but this was not observed in a further follow-up study. CONCLUSIONS Various facets related to neuroticism are associated with an increased or decreased mortality risk. Encompassing all facets in a broad trait likely masks very important personality-health relations, which later impact longevity. Based on these findings, recommendations and future considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Turiano
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WA, USA
| | - Laura Buckley
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Máire McGeehan
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Jin W, Xian B, Zhao L, Li C. Association between personality traits and smoking cessation among Chinese adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:398. [PMID: 37978396 PMCID: PMC10656871 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the tobacco epidemic is one of the greatest public health threats, the smoking cessation rate among Chinese adults is considerably lower. Personality information may indicate which treatments or interventions are more likely to be effective. China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco worldwide. However, little is known about the association between smoking cessation and personality traits in China. AIM This study aimed to examine the association between successful smoking cessation and personality traits among Chinese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies. Probit regression models were employed to analyze the association between successful smoking cessation and personality traits stratified by sex. RESULTS Lower scores for neuroticism (Coef.=-0.055, p < 0.1), lower scores for extraversion (Coef.=-0.077, p < 0.05), and higher scores for openness to experience (Coef.=0.045, p < 0.1) predicted being a successful male quitter after adjusting for demographics. Moreover, lower scores for conscientiousness (Coef.=-0.150, p < 0.1) predicted being a successful female quitter after adjusting for demographics. CONCLUSION The empirical findings suggested that among Chinese men, lower levels of neuroticism, lower levels of extraversion, and higher levels of openness to experience were associated with a higher likelihood of smoking cessation. Moreover, lower levels of conscientiousness were associated with successful smoking cessation among Chinese women. These results showed that personality information should be included in smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Jin
- College of Humanities Education, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bensong Xian
- School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Longlong Zhao
- School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Changle Li
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Knefel M, Zeilinger EL, Erfurth A, Lubowitzki S, Lesch O, Wagner T, Unseld M, Bartsch R, Füreder T, Jäger U, Kiesewetter B, Krauth MT, Prager G, Raderer M, Staber PB, Valent P, Gaiger A. Affective temperament, fatigue, and pain in cancer patients. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:80-87. [PMID: 37543112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Knefel
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Landesklinikum Baden-Mödling, Waltersdorfer Straße 75, 2500 Baden, Austria
| | - Elisabeth L Zeilinger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Academy for Ageing Research, Haus der Barmherzigkeit, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Erfurth
- Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Lubowitzki
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Lesch
- Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Wagner
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Unseld
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Academy for Ageing Research, Haus der Barmherzigkeit, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Bartsch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Füreder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kiesewetter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria T Krauth
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Prager
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Raderer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Gaiger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Chen T, Chao W, Zou Y, Di J, Zhou X, Zong Y, Zhang M, Yang M. Personality traits and peritoneal dialysis patients' prognosis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2264935. [PMID: 37846973 PMCID: PMC10583605 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2264935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) requires high patient conscientiousness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between conscientiousness score and prognosis in PD patients.Methods: The ten-item Big Five Personality Inventory's Chinese version was used to assess the conscientiousness score. Basic clinical information, prior medical history, hematological examination results, the occurrence of the first peritonitis and catheter-related infection, the start of hemodialysis, and the time of renal transplantation were collected. The patients were split into two groups, high and low conscientiousness groups, based on the mean value of the conscientiousness score. The differences in prognostic indicators were compared between groups, and the association between conscientiousness score and prognostic indicators in PD patients was assessed.Results: Enrolled PD patients were divided into low conscientiousness group 103 and high conscientiousness group 98. There were significant differences in serum albumin (p = 0.021) and iPTH (p = 0.045) between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified conscientiousness score as an independent risk factor for the development of first peritonitis (HR = 0.558, 95% CI 0.400-0.779, p = 0.001) and first catheter-related infection (HR = 0.544, 95% CI 0.308-0.962, p = 0.036) in PD patients. Conscientiousness score (HR = 2.377, 95% CI 1.109-5.095, p = 0.026) was independently associated with renal transplantation.Conclusion: Conscientiousness personality is closely related to the prognosis of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Wenying Chao
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Jia Di
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Yin Zong
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, PR China
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Reist ME, Bleidorn W, Milfont TL, Hopwood CJ. Meta-analysis of personality trait differences between omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans. Appetite 2023; 191:107085. [PMID: 37827200 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Vegetarian and vegan diets have been increasing in the Western world. Recent research has focused on personality trait differences between dietary groups, in part because personality traits are broad characteristics that can integrate findings about different factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diets. Previous research on personality predictors of vegetarian and vegan (veg*n) diet, however, has yielded inconsistent results. The goal of this study was to integrate the existing results of Big Five personality differences between veg*ns and omnivores as well as between vegetarians and vegans. To this end, we meta-analyzed data from 15 studies and N = 69,576 individuals from several countries. Results indicated that veg*ns were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.40) and Agreeableness (d = 0.17) than omnivores, while vegans were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.14) than vegetarians. This work isolates Openness and Agreeableness as important trait predictors of plant-based diets and sets the stage for future work on the factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diet. Personality traits can provide an integrative framework for conceptualizing dietary preferences, be used to make predictions about the sources, course and correlates of dietary choices, and potentially be useful for advocates and policymakers seeking to tailor meat-reduction interventions.
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Shetty T, Thomas N, Munoli RN. The fundamentals of Indian personality: An investigation of the big five. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1052-1060. [PMID: 38108050 PMCID: PMC10725210 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_577_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The Big Five model is a well-accepted model of personality but there is scant research on the factor structure of personality from Asian populations. It is unclear whether the Big Five personality model can account for cross-cultural variation in personality structures. Aim To explore the factor structure of personality by analyzing the Big Five personality factors in a sample from Karnataka, South India. Settings and Design This was a cross-structural observational study conducted in Udupi and Mangalore. Methods and Material 400 community participants (200 women) from diverse socio economic backgrounds were recruited for the study and were assessed on either an English or Kannada version of the BFI-2-S. The reliability of the translated version of BFI-2-S was established. Statistical Analysis Used Exploratory factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation and Kaiser Normalization was carried out. Results Factor Analysis revealed a four-factor and a five-factor solution that varied distinctly from the original Big Five. None of the identified factors fit into the original five factors. The four-factor solution explained 36.86% of the variance and the five-factor solution explained 41.74%. The five factors were named as - Social Effectiveness, Interpersonal Ability, Altruism, Emotional Instability, and Innovativeness. The translated tool showed good temporal stability. Conclusions The Five factors identified in the present study differ from the Big Five model or the General Factor of Personality. This raises questions about the cross-cultural validity of the Big Five model as well as highlighting the need to adopt more culturally adaptive methods of assessing personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Shetty
- Goldman Sachs Project - Tele-Medicine Centre, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nitha Thomas
- Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Mangaluru, India
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de Almeida Santos A, de Oliveira Ferreira B, Leitão CL, da Silva IR, de Souza Torres M. Phubbing behavior, personality, and use of instagram by Brazilian adults: a correlational and predictive study. Psicol Reflex Crit 2023; 36:24. [PMID: 37665514 PMCID: PMC10477148 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phubbing behavior is a phenomenon that consists in ignoring people in situations of social interaction whilst paying attention to one's smartphone. The study of this behavior enables reflection on the development of healthy behavior patterns when using technology and the design of intervention strategies to cope with phubbing behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between phubbing behavior, use of Instagram, personality traits (Big Five), and sociodemographic variables (gender, education, and age) among Brazilian adults. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1551 adults (61.7% women; 29.9% men), aged between 18 and 76 years (M = 31.6 years; SD = 9.6 years). The results of the correlation analysis indicated that excessive use of Instagram showed a high, positive association ρ (1551) = 0.442 with Phubbing Behavior and a moderate one with neuroticism ρ (1551) = 0.272. Phubbing behavior was positively and moderately with neuroticism ρ (1551) = 0.290, but it had a weak, negative correlation with age ρ (1551) = -0.117; p < 0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis (forward method) indicated that the variables that most strongly impacted Phubbing Behavior were neuroticism (ΔR2 = .236), conscientiousness (ΔR2 = .244) and use of Instagram (ΔR2 = .204). This result indicates that conscientiousness may have a predictive potential to decrease phubbing behavior, whereas neuroticism and use of Instagram may lead to increased phubbing. Multivariate Analysis of Variance indicated that excessive use of Instagram registered higher scores for women (M = 11.48; SD = 0.21) than for men (M = 9.45; SD = 0.27, p < 0.001). It was concluded that while conscientiousness can function as a protective factor for the development of phubbing behavior, high levels of neuroticism and excessive use of Instagram have greater potential to act as risk factors for it. In addition, neuroticism is also a risk factor for excessive use of Instagram, and women are more prone to such overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane de Almeida Santos
- Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 - Setor Sul - Campus Universitário - Bloco X Coroado - CEP - 69080-900, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Breno de Oliveira Ferreira
- Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 - Setor Sul - Campus Universitário - Bloco X Coroado - CEP - 69080-900, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Consuelena Lopes Leitão
- Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 - Setor Sul - Campus Universitário - Bloco X Coroado - CEP - 69080-900, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Iolete Ribeiro da Silva
- Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 - Setor Sul - Campus Universitário - Bloco X Coroado - CEP - 69080-900, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marck de Souza Torres
- Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 - Setor Sul - Campus Universitário - Bloco X Coroado - CEP - 69080-900, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Skoglund TH, Risan P, Milne R. Personality and hardiness differences between Norwegian police and psychology students. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:230-237. [PMID: 36226884 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated: (1) differences in personality traits and hardiness between police and psychology students; and (2) the relationship between personality traits and hardiness. To achieve these aims, we obtained scores using the Big Five Inventory-20 and the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15-R from n = 125 police students and n = 177 psychology students. Police students relative to psychology students, as expected, scored significantly higher on extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, and lower on openness. Further, the police students scored higher than psychology students on agreeableness, which was unexpected. For hardiness, police students also scored significantly higher than the psychology students. There was, however, no significant difference for the hardiness component of control. All Big Five traits (except agreeableness) predicted hardiness in a stepwise regression, where emotional stability was the strongest isolated predictor (β = 0.40). When treating hardiness as a dichotomized variable, for identifying those especially low or high on hardiness, openness was the strongest predictor for the high hardiness group: OR = 1.69 (95% CI 1.24-2.30). Margin plots revealed that increases in Big Five trait scores, except agreeableness, elevated the probability of belonging to the high hardiness group independent of field of study. We conclude that there is some support for a Norwegian 'police student personality'. Additionally, we discuss nuances in the personality-relatedness of the hardiness construct based on results from a linear and logistic regression, respectively.
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Kaspar K, Burtniak K, Rüth M. Online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic: How university students' perceptions, engagement, and performance are related to their personal characteristics. Curr Psychol 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37359677 PMCID: PMC10025799 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
University students faced unexpected challenges in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings from early phases of the Covid-19 pandemic and before show that online learning experiences may vary from student to student and depend on several personal characteristics. However, the relative importance of different students' personal characteristics for their online learning experiences at later phases of the Covid-19 pandemic is still unclear. This cross-sectional, correlational study investigates how personal characteristics of university students are related to five dimensions of online learning perception and to their engagement and performance in online courses. In an online survey, 413 students from German universities provided full information on their online learning experiences and personal characteristics in terms of demographic information, Big Five personality traits, self-regulation skills, three facets of self-efficacy, and two types of state anxiety. Results of multiple regression analyses show that students' age was significantly positively related to all online learning perceptions and engagement in online courses. Our findings also confirm that self-regulation skills and academic and digital media self-efficacy are important factors in various online learning experiences. In contrast, students' personality traits and state anxiety were less important for most online learning experiences. Noteworthy, several bivariate associations between personal characteristics and online learning experiences are not reflected in the multiple regression model. This underscores the need to consider relevant variables simultaneously to evaluate their relative importance and to identify key personal characteristics. Overall, our results show valuable starting points for theory development and educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaspar
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Marco Rüth
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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13
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Idrizi E, Filiposka S, Trajkovikj V. Gender impact on STEM online learning- a correlational study of gender, personality traits and learning styles in relation to different online teaching modalities. Multimed Tools Appl 2023; 82:1-19. [PMID: 37362705 PMCID: PMC9989568 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-023-14908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education benefits both individuals and society. It supports individuals by increasing their critical-thinking skills, encouraging creativity, as well as providing a basis for new inventions. The underrepresentation of women in STEM is a complex issue with various causes and different approaches of addressing it, where most likely gender differences are caused by desires and choice rather than abilities and performance. This paper explores differences in online and traditional STEM learning based on gender. It examines in detail recently identified patterns of women's success, their access to STEM online courses, and their overall course experience during such courses. We analyzed results from a case study in which students were enrolled for one semester in two STEM online courses and completed questionnaires about their character traits and learning styles and how they relate to academic performance. The objective of our research is to analyze academic success during traditional classes and online classes, with focus on gender and identify how character traits and learning styles correlate with gender in online classes. The main outcome of our research is that female students, which study in the field of STEM in particular computer science, are trustworthy and autonomous students who can outperform their male counterparts during traditional courses, where during online courses male students still exceed slightly female students. The trait of Consciousness is a success predictor regardless of gender and learning environment, while the trait of Neuroticism has negative impact the traditional learning environment, Extraversion shows negative impact in online learning. Learning styles show gender differences, where female students prefer the style of read/write while male students favor kinesthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Idrizi
- Faculty of Contemporary Sciences and Technologies, South East European University, Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Sonja Filiposka
- Faculty of Contemporary Sciences and Technologies, South East European University, Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovikj
- Faculty of Contemporary Sciences and Technologies, South East European University, Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits mainly explain why workers differ in experiencing burnout under the same stressful work conditions. The current systematic review was conducted with the PRISMA method and focused on the five-factor model to explain workers' burnout risk. METHODS The databases used were Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. Keywords used were: "Burnout," "Job burnout," "Work burnout," "Personality," and "Personality traits". RESULTS The initial search identified 3320 papers, from which double and non-focused studies were excluded. From the 207 full texts reviewed, the studies included in this review were 83 papers. The findings show that higher levels of neuroticism (r from 0.10** to 0.642***; β from 0.16** to 0.587***) and lower agreeableness (r from - 0.12* to - 0.353***; β from - 0.08*** to - 0.523*), conscientiousness (r from -0.12* to -0.355***; β from - 0.09*** to - 0.300*), extraversion (r from - 0.034** to - 0.33***; β from - 0.06*** to - 0.31***), and openness (r from - 0.18*** to - 0.237**; β from - 0.092* to - 0.45*) are associated with higher levels of burnout. CONCLUSIONS The present review highlighted the relationship between personality traits and job burnout. Results showed that personality traits were closely related to workers' burnout risk. There is still much to explore and how future research on job burnout should account for the personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Angelini
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, 00193, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Morales-Vives F, Ferrando PJ, Vigil-Colet A, Hernández-Dorado A. Which profile of people tends to ignore preventive measures against COVID-19? The role of intelligence and the big five personality traits. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13277. [PMID: 36744066 PMCID: PMC9890185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a considerable amount of research has been done on the role of personality traits in the prediction of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures, the possible role of intelligence has been studied far less. For this reason, the main goal of the current study was to determine what the predictive role of intelligence is when considered together with the Big Five personality traits. A total of 404 participants answered three instruments: the Overall Personality Assessment Scale (OPERAS), which assesses personality traits, the COmpliance with pandemic COmmands Scale (COCOS), which assesses compliance, and the test of intelligence International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR Sample Test). The results show that all variables are correlated with compliance, although the weight of emotional stability on compliance was not significant. The only variable negatively related to compliance was extraversion. The results of the structural equation modelling suggest that intelligence has a direct relationship with compliance, and an indirect relationship through openness to experience. According to the results, intelligence is an important variable that should be considered in the prediction of compliance with these preventive measures.
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16
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Martin JS, Jaeggi AV, Koski SE. The social evolution of individual differences: Future directions for a comparative science of personality in social behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104980. [PMID: 36463970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Personality is essential for understanding the evolution of cooperation and conflict in behavior. However, personality science remains disconnected from the field of social evolution, limiting our ability to explain how personality and plasticity shape phenotypic adaptation in social behavior. Researchers also lack an integrative framework for comparing personality in the contextualized and multifaceted behaviors central to social interactions among humans and other animals. Here we address these challenges by developing a social evolutionary approach to personality, synthesizing theory, methods, and organizing questions in the study of individuality and sociality in behavior. We critically review current measurement practices and introduce social reaction norm models for comparative research on the evolution of personality in social environments. These models demonstrate that social plasticity affects the heritable variance of personality, and that individual differences in social plasticity can further modify the rate and direction of adaptive social evolution. Future empirical studies of frequency- and density-dependent social selection on personality are crucial for further developing this framework and testing adaptive theory of social niche specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Martin
- Human Ecology Group, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian V Jaeggi
- Human Ecology Group, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja E Koski
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Nilsson AH, Friedrichs K, Kajonius P. Know Thyself! Predicting Subjective Well-Being from personality estimation discrepancy and self-insight. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35967501 PMCID: PMC9361999 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Discrepancies in views of the Self are suggested to be negatively related to well-being (Higgins, 1987). In the present study, we used a novel concept, Personality Estimation Discrepancy (PED), to test this classic idea. PED is defined as the computed difference between how one view oneself (Self-Perceived Personality) and a standard Big Five test (IPIP-NEO-30). In a pre-registered (osf.io) UK online study (N = 297; Mage = 37, SD = 14) we analyzed: (1) whether PED would predict Subjective Well-Being (SWB; Harmony in Life, Satisfaction with Life, Positive affect, Negative Affect) and Self-Insight, and (2) whether Self-Insight would mediate the relationship between PED and SWB. The results showed that underestimation of Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability indeed is associated with both high SWB and high Self-Insight. However, these effects mostly disappeared when controlling for the Big Five test scores. Furthermore, Self-Insight largely (42.9%) mediated the relationship between the mis-estimation and SWB. We interpret these finding such that the relationship of mis-estimating one's personality with SWB and Self-Insight are mostly explained by the Big Five factors, yet the discrepancy is a dependent feature of scoring particularly high or low on certain personality traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03396-1.
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18
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Bętkowska-Korpała B, Pastuszak-Draxler A, Olszewska-Turek K, Sikora-Zych K, Epa R, Starowicz-Filip A. Personality characteristics of empathy profiles - practical implications for education of medicine students. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:376. [PMID: 35578223 PMCID: PMC9112556 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy plays the key role in the doctor - patient relationship. The research of empathy determinants plays an important role in formulating practical guidelines for the education of medical students. The aim of this study was to analyse personality characteristics of empathy profiles among students of medicine, with consideration of chief personality factors and their subdimensions according to the FFM model. METHODS During workshops in Clinical Psychological Skills, 153 students (M = 57, F = 96; mean age 23 years) analysed their psychological functioning styles by examining their personality profiles and empathy indicators. Empathic Sensitiveness Scale (ESS) and Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were applied for this purpose. The analyses of empathy indicators were presented by means of cluster analysis. Variance analysis with post hoc Tukey-b test was performed for differences between clusters and to differentiate between personality factors and their components in empathy clusters. This study was approved by the Jagiellonian University Bioethics Committee (approval number: 1072.6120.175.2018 date: 28.06.2018). RESULTS The first cluster included students who presented high empathetic concern for others, understood their perspective and needs characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, high levels of other dimensions The second group included students who could understand others very well, yet with lower tendency to react emotionally to suffering, characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, high Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness. The third cluster included students who react strongly to painful and unpleasant reactions of others, characterised by high Neuroticism and Agreeableness, low Extraversion. CONCLUSIONS Each empathy profile is manifested in relations with patients in a specific way. Medical education in empathy holds great potential to reduce anxiety, stress, and burnout associated with the medical profession. Discussion of individual results with students, gives an opportunity to talk about how their empathy and personality characteristics may influence their everyday medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital in Cracow, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Pastuszak-Draxler
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital in Cracow, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Olszewska-Turek
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital in Cracow, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Sikora-Zych
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Roksana Epa
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital in Cracow, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital in Cracow, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
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19
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Feng X, Astell-Burt T, Standl M, Flexeder C, Heinrich J, Markevych I. Green space quality and adolescent mental health: do personality traits matter? Environ Res 2022; 206:112591. [PMID: 34932980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents, especially females, tend to experience poorer mental health if they are higher in introversion and neuroticism. As a result, they also may have more to gain from having quality green space (e.g. parks) nearby to enable restoration, but this remains tested. METHOD Cross-sectional data on 2946 adolescents aged 16-17y were extracted from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Multilevel linear regressions assessed association between parent/caregiver green space quality perception with self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties Scores (TDS) and internalising (e.g. anxiety) and externalising (e.g. fidgetiness) subscales. Models were weighted for representativeness, accounted for spatial clustering within postcodes, and adjusted for geographic stratum and socioeconomic confounders. This was followed by adjustment for introversion and neuroticism, and then three-way interaction terms between each trait, green space quality and sex to assess for potential effect modification. RESULTS Quality green spaces was associated with higher TDS (β = 1.506; SE = 0.371), internalising (β = 0.982; SE = 0.220) and externalising (β = 0.518; SE = 0.234) scores (i.e. poorer mental health). Introversion was associated with higher TDS (β = 1.416; SE = 0.089), higher internalising (β = 1.233; SE = 0.050) and higher externalising scores (β = 0.181; SE = 0.056). Similar associations were observed for neuroticism and TDS (β = 2.283; SE = 0.084), internalising (β = 1.627; SE = 0.046) and externalising scores (β = 0.656; SE = 0.056). Mean levels of introversion were similar for girls and boys (1.73 vs 1.76, p = 0.6573), but mean levels of neuroticism were notably higher in girls than boys (2.42 and 1.67, p < 0.0001). Likelihood ratio tests indicated three-way interactions improved models analysing the internalising subscale outcome only. Green space quality made no difference to associations between introversion or neuroticism and internalising scores in males. Quality green space was associated with 3.2 and 2.1 reductions in mean internalising scores among females with the highest levels of introversion or neuroticism, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in psychological traits may predispose some adolescents, and females especially, to restoration from green space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Feng
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), NSW, Australia; School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), NSW, Australia; School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Hanke N, Penzel N, Betz LT, Rohde M, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Kambeitz J. Personality traits differentiate patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls - A meta-analytic approach. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:401-411. [PMID: 35041870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of specific personality traits has been associated with the presence and disease course of bipolar disorder (BD) in multiple studies. However, until today findings are inconsistent and potentially confounding factors such as age and gender as well as the limited sample size of previous studies make it difficult to generalize these findings. To overcome these limitations and to specify the role of personality traits in the context of BD, we performed a meta-analysis in patients with BD and healthy controls (HC), focusing on the traits of the big three and the big five: Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), Agreeableness (A) and Psychoticism (P). METHODS Two online databases (Pubmed and Web of Science) were searched systematically to identify relevant articles, including publications up to December 31, 2019. From studies that met our inclusion criteria (n = 18), we extracted relevant data of patients with BD (n = 1694) and HC (n = 2153) and calculated effect sizes for each personality trait. Further, we performed moderator analysis on gender, age, quality score and years of publication. RESULTS Our results indicate that patients with BD exhibit higher scores on N (large positive effect size; n = 18, g = 1.44, 95%-CI : 1.11 to 1.77) and lower scores on C (medium negative effect size; n = 6, g = -0.78, 95%-CI: -1.13 to -0.43) and E (small negative effect size; n = 13, g = -0.38, 95%-CI: -0.52 to -0.23) compared to HC. We found a moderating effect of mean age on the effect size of N with smaller differences in N levels between patients with BD and HC in older samples (-0.0437, z = - 3.96, p <0.0001). Our results were robust with respect to potential publication biases and the inclusion of potentially confounding factors such as gender, age, quality score and years of publication. LIMITATIONS Due to the lack of available data no subgroup analysis on the effect of mood states of patients and subtypes of BD could be performed. Moreover, our analyses are based on cross-sectional data so that findings should be interpreted with care, especially concerning causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BD showed differences in several personality traits compared to HC. Our results provide the basis for future research with focus on personality and psychopathology in patients with BD. Identifying the interaction between expressions of personality traits and BD might provide novel approaches in prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hanke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50931, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda T Betz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Melanie Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50931, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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21
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Čavojová V, Adamus M, Ballová Mikušková E. You before me: How vertical collectivism and feelings of threat predicted more socially desirable behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Psychol 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35340689 PMCID: PMC8934055 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between outward orientation and COVID-related prosocial behavior, including adherence to containment measures, caring for others and providing support, limiting one's social life and responsible purchasing behavior. A sample of 500 Slovaks (250 women) aged between 18 and 86 (M = 44.32, SD = 15.66) participated in the study and responded to questions concerning their sociodemographic and personality characteristics, collectivism and individualism, the consciousness of future consequences and emotional responses to the pandemic. The results show that apart from the perceived threat of COVID-19, vertical collectivism is among the strongest antecedents of COVID-related prosocial behavior. Specifically, feelings of threat, vertical collectivism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, liberalism, and education predicted more prosocial behavior during the pandemic. Consequently, the study indicates that while excessive fear may have adverse effects on individuals' well-being, appealing to and cultivating collectivistic sentiments could contribute not only to containing the pandemic but also to making others' lives more bearable while it lasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Čavojová
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Adamus
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Ballová Mikušková
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Sindermann C, Yang H, Yang S, Elhai JD, Montag C. Willingness to accept (WTA), willingness to pay (WTP), and the WTA/WTP disparity in Chinese social media platforms: Descriptive statistics and associations with personality and social media use. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 223:103462. [PMID: 35030363 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of money individuals were willing to accept (WTA) to discontinue using prominent Chinese social media platforms (WeChat/QQ), the willingness to pay (WTP) for using these platforms, as well as WTA/WTP disparities were investigated in between-groups and within-subjects design studies to examine their existence, size, and psychological correlates in the form of personality and social media use habits. Individuals were recruited at Chinese universities in three separate surveys. For between-groups investigations, four samples were investigated: WTA and WTP samples for investigations in the context of WeChat as well as WTA and WTP samples for QQ. For within-subjects investigations, individuals completed items on WTA and WTP for WeChat/QQ, the Big Five Inventory, time spent on WeChat/QQ, and the short Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Two samples providing data on WeChat and QQ, respectively, were investigated. Across study designs and for both WeChat and QQ we found evidence for high WTA and comparatively low WTP scores, thus, large WTA/WTP disparities. Individual differences in the disparities were negatively associated with Openness across social media platforms. The results reveal a generally low acceptance to pay for social media use, which is important against the background of discussions on monetary payment models. Moreover, a complex interplay between individual characteristics, characteristics of the service, and how and why the service is used seems to underly WTA and the WTA/WTP disparity. Finally, methodological implications of the present results for forthcoming studies assessing valuation (WTA, WTP) in the context of social media are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Sindermann
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Shixin Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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23
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Ortelbach N, Rote J, Dingelstadt AML, Stolzenburg A, Koenig C, O'Malley G, Quinlivan E, Fiebig J, Pfeiffer S, König B, Simhandl C, Bauer M, Pfennig A, Stamm TJ. The big five model in bipolar disorder: a latent profile analysis and its impact on longterm illness severity. Int J Bipolar Disord 2022; 10:1. [PMID: 35041119 PMCID: PMC8766615 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using a personality typing approach, we investigated the relationship between personality profiles and the prediction of longterm illness severity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). While previous research suggests associations between BD and traits from the NEO-FFI profiles, the current study firstly aimed to identify latent classes of NEO-FFI profiles, and, secondly, to examine their impact on the longterm prognosis of BD. Methods Based on the NEO-FFI profiles of 134 euthymic patients diagnosed with BD (64.2% female, mean age = 44.3 years), successive latent profile analyses were conducted. Subsequently, a subsample (n = 80) was examined prospectively by performing multiple regression analysis of the latent classes to evaluate the longitudinal course of the disease (mean: 54.7 weeks) measured using a modified Morbidity Index. Results The latent profile analyses suggested a 3-class model typifying in a resilient (n = 68, 51%), vulnerable (n = 55, 41%) and highly vulnerable (n = 11, 8%) class. In the regression analysis, higher vulnerability predicted a higher longterm Morbidity Index (R2 = 0.28). Conclusions Subgroups of patients with BD share a number of discrete personality features and their illness is characterized by a similar clinical course. This knowledge is valuable in a variety of clinical contexts including early detection, intervention planning and treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ortelbach
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Rote
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alice Mai Ly Dingelstadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stolzenburg
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Koenig
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Grace O'Malley
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Quinlivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Fiebig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffi Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christian Simhandl
- Bipolar Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas J Stamm
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany. .,Schloss Luetgenhof Hospital, Centre for Personal Medicine, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Dassow, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.
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24
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Brosch K, Meller T, Pfarr JK, Stein F, Schmitt S, Ringwald KG, Waltemate L, Lemke H, Thiel K, Schrammen E, Hülsmann C, Meinert S, Dohm K, Leehr EJ, Opel N, Krug A, Dannlowski U, Nenadić I, Kircher T. Which traits predict elevated distress during the Covid-19 pandemic? Results from a large, longitudinal cohort study with psychiatric patients and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:18-25. [PMID: 34670129 PMCID: PMC8520504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in repeated, prolonged restrictions in daily life. Social distancing policies as well as health anxiety are thought to lead to mental health impairment. However, there is lack of longitudinal data identifying at-risk populations particularly vulnerable for elevated Covid-19-related distress. We collected data of N = 1268 participants (n = 622 healthy controls (HC), and n = 646 patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) at baseline before (2014-2018) and during (April-May 2020) the first lockdown in Germany. We obtained information on Covid-19 restrictions (number and subjective impact of Covid-19 events), and Covid-19-related distress (i.e., subjective fear and isolation). Using multiple linear regression models including trait variables and individual Covid-19 impact, we sought to predict Covid-19-related distress. HC and patients reported similar numbers of Covid-19-related events, and similar subjective impact rating. They did not differ in Covid-19-related subjective fear. Patients reported significantly higher subjective isolation. 30.5% of patients reported worsened self-rated symptoms since the pandemic. Subjective fear in all participants was associated with trait anxiety (STAI-T), conscientiousness (NEO-FFI), Covid-19 impact, and sex. Subjective isolation in HC was associated with social support (FSozu), Covid-19 impact, age, and sex; in patients, it was associated with social support and Covid-19 impact. Our data shed light on differential effects of the pandemic in psychiatric patients and HC. Low social support, high conscientiousness and high trait anxiety are associated with elevated distress during the pandemic. These variables might be valuable for the creation of risk profiles of Covid-19-related distress for direct translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai G. Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schrammen
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carina Hülsmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Leehr
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, IZKF, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Freitag M, Hofstetter N. Pandemic personality: Emotional reactions, political and social preferences across personality traits in times of Corona. Curr Psychol 2021; 42:1-15. [PMID: 34840485 PMCID: PMC8610108 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus pandemic undeniably represents a global health threat unprecedented in living memory leading to very distinct behavioral, cognitive, and psychological responses to the crisis. We argue that the different ways of responding to the pandemic are rooted in personal dispositions and provide evidence regarding the function and value of the Big Five framework in understanding the pandemic personality. Using 18 samples from the six European countries most affected at the onset of the pandemic (overall N = 18,307), we find that most of the Big Five effects vary across countries and pandemic phases. However, while neuroticism is clearly linked to pandemic threat perception and emotional responses to the Covid-19 pandemic, conscientiousness is mainly related to exposure to pandemic hazard, preferences regarding political measures, and tolerance of epidemiologically undesirable behavior. Our findings are rich in implications for public health politics, policy-makers and social cohesion. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02493-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freitag
- Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hofstetter
- Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Galang CM, Malik R, Kinley I, Obhi SS. Studying sense of agency online: Can intentional binding be observed in uncontrolled online settings? Conscious Cogn 2021; 95:103217. [PMID: 34619425 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intentional binding is often used as an implicit index of the sense of agency. However, intentional binding research has primarily been conducted in controlled lab environments. During the COVID-19 global pandemic, there has been a shift to implementing studies using online platforms and it is an open question whether the intentional binding effect can be found using an online experimental set-up and participant sample. Here, we address this question by asking online participants to complete the Libet clock version of the intentional binding task, which we make freely available to researchers as a jsPsych (De Leeuw, 2014) plugin. Intentional binding was observed in the form of later keypress estimates and earlier auditory tone estimates, when the auditory tone followed the keypress. These findings confirm that intentional binding can be assessed in online contexts. We discuss these findings in relation to the broader intentional binding literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Michael Galang
- Social Brain, Body and Action Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada.
| | - Rubina Malik
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Canada
| | - Isaac Kinley
- Neurotechnology and Neuroplasticity Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Sukhvinder S Obhi
- Social Brain, Body and Action Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada.
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27
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Schmiedeberg C, Thönnissen C. Positive and negative perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic: Does personality play a role? Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113859. [PMID: 33799202 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lockdown measures following the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, intended to slow the spread of the virus, forced a sudden and dramatic change to most everyday lives. However, not all individuals may have been affected in the same way. In addition to situational factors such as occupation, family status, and health, personality traits may affect how individuals experienced the initial crisis. METHODS Using data from the pairfam COVID-19 survey, an online survey of the participants of the German Family Panel pairfam conducted from May to July 2020, as well as personality data from the pairfam panel data, this study analyzes whether the Big Five personality traits influence the degree to which young and middle-aged individuals (16-49 years old) felt negatively affected by and were able to see any benefits of the initial COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. RESULTS While neuroticism is linked to a more negative perception of the restrictions to daily life, openness to experiences is associated with more positive perceptions of the situation. Like neuroticism, extraversion is also associated with a more negative perception, but only among respondents without a partner. For respondents with a romantic partner, no association was found. CONCLUSION Results confirm that personality plays a role in individual perceptions of the pandemic situation. Moreover, they show that most individuals perceived not only negative but also positive aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic situation in 2020.
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28
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O'Súilleabháin PS, Turiano NA, Gerstorf D, Luchetti M, Gallagher S, Sesker AA, Terracciano A, Sutin AR. Personality pathways to mortality: Interleukin-6 links conscientiousness to mortality risk. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:238-244. [PMID: 33571630 PMCID: PMC7979517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality is associated consistently with mortality hazards, but the physiological pathways are not yet clear. Immune system dysregulation may be one such pathway due to its role in age-related morbidity and mortality. In this preregistered study, we tested whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediated the associations between personality traits and mortality hazards. The sample included 957 participants (M ± SD = 58.65 ± 11.51 years; range = 35-86 years) from the Midlife in the United States Survey that had 14 years of follow-up. Higher conscientiousness was associated with lower mortality hazards, with each one standard deviation higher conscientiousness associated with a 35% lower mortality risk. IL-6, but not CRP, partially mediated this association, with IL-6 accounting for 18% of this association in the fully adjusted model. While there was initial evidence that the biomarkers mediated both neuroticism and agreeableness and mortality risk, the indirect effects were not significant when controlling for the sociodemographic variables. Taken together, higher conscientiousness may lead to a longer life partially as a result of lower IL-6. This work highlights the importance of biological pathways that link personality to future mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amanda A Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
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Han H. Exploring the association between compliance with measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and big five traits with Bayesian generalized linear model. Pers Individ Dif 2021; 176:110787. [PMID: 33642661 PMCID: PMC7901385 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research has examined the association between people's compliance with measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and personality traits. However, previous studies were conducted with relatively small-size datasets and employed frequentist analysis that does not allow data-driven model exploration. To address the limitations, a large-scale international dataset, COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset, was explored with Bayesian generalized linear model that enables identification of the best regression model. The best regression models predicting participants' compliance with Big Five traits were explored. The findings demonstrated first, all Big Five traits, except extroversion, were positively associated with compliance with general measures and distancing. Second, neuroticism, extroversion, and agreeableness were positively associated with the perceived cost of complying with the measures while conscientiousness showed negative association. The findings and the implications of the present study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Han
- Educational Psychology Program, University of Alabama, United States of America
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30
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Zacher H, Rudolph CW. Big Five traits as predictors of perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pers Individ Dif 2021; 175:110694. [PMID: 33531723 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the Big Five personality traits as predictors of individual differences and changes in the perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between early April 2020 and early September 2020. This timeframe includes the first national “lockdown,” the period of “easing” of restrictions, and the summer vacation period. Data were collected from n = 588 full-time employees, who provided baseline data on their personality traits in early December 2019, and then later provided data on perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic at five time points, spanning six months. Consistent with expectations based on event and transition theories, results showed that, on average, perceived stressfulness declined between early April 2020 and early September 2020. Moreover, this effect was stronger between early April 2020 and early July 2020. Hypotheses based on the differential reactivity model of personality and stress were partially supported. Emotional stability was associated with lower, and extraversion associated with higher, average levels of perceived stressfulness. Finally, extraversion was associated with increases (i.e., positive trajectories) in perceived stressfulness between early April 2020 and early July 2020 and decreases (i.e., negative trajectories) in perceived stressfulness between early July 2020 and early September 2020.
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Abstract
Research on the relationship between personality and psychedelics use has found evidence of a two-way influence where the personality structure predicts individual responses to psychedelics, and psychedelics use results in lasting changes to the individual's personality structure. This study used brief personality measures in the form of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and a simplified version of the Risk Taking Index (RTI) in order to measure personality traits in a sample of psychedelics users (N = 319). The participants in the study scored consistently higher than norms on each of the Big Five traits except Extraversion, and on every dimension of risk taking in the RTI. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, personality structure was associated with characteristics of the psychedelic experience that included the feelings of fear, love, and peace as well as states of perceived contact with non-ordinary beings and transcendent forces.
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Zager Kocjan G, Kavčič T, Avsec A. Resilience matters: Explaining the association between personality and psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2020; 21:100198. [PMID: 33363581 PMCID: PMC7753029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to elucidate the underlying mechanism through which basic personality dimensions predict indicators of psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic, including subjective well-being and perceived stress. As a personality characteristic highly contextualized in stressful circumstances, resilience was expected to have a mediating role in this relationship. Method: A sample of 2,722 Slovene adults, aged from 18 to 82 years filled in the Big Five Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum. A path analysis with the Bootstrap estimation procedure was performed to evaluate the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between personality and psychological functioning. Results: Resilience fully or partially mediated the relationships between all the Big Five but extraversion with subjective well-being and stress experienced at the beginning of the COVID-19 outburst. Neuroticism was the strongest predictor of less adaptive psychological functioning both directly and through diminished resilience. Conclusions: Resilience may be a major protective factor required for an adaptive response of an individual in stressful situations such as pandemic and the associated lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Kavčič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Łubianka B, Filipiak S. Do conscientious athletes value world peace? Personality traits and value preferences of young athletes and non-athletes. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:784-793. [PMID: 32596860 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The preferred values and personality traits of young athletes allow to predict their decisions in the sports context. Of 120 primary and junior high school students that were surveyed, including 60 students following an extended sports curriculum and 60 students following a standard curriculum. The athletes practiced soccer, basketball and swimming. The Picture-Based Value Survey for Children based on Schwartz's theory of universal values and the Picture-Based Personality Survey for Children predicated on the Big Five model of personality were used in this study. Regression analysis with an interaction effect of type of school program on relationships between values and personality traits was carried out. Effects were observed between the type of program and preference for Universalism and Conscientiousness and preference for Hedonism and Agreeableness. In athletes, Conscientiousness correlated positively with preference for Universalism. In non-athletes, a positive correlation was found between Agreeableness and preference for Hedonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łubianka
- Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sara Filipiak
- Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Persson R, Österberg K. Repeated assessment of work-related exhaustion: the temporal stability of ratings in the Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:304. [PMID: 32586364 PMCID: PMC7318754 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Screening inventories are important tools in clinical settings and research but may be sensitive to temporary fluctuations. Therefore, we revisited data from a longitudinal study with the Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion (LUCIE) that comprised occupationally active individuals (n = 1355; 27–52 years; 57% women) and one initial paper and pencil survey and 10 subsequent equally spaced online surveys. In the present study we examine to what extent the LUCIE scores changed across 3 years (11 assessments) and whether episodes of temporary elevated LUCIE scores (LTE) coincided with reports of negative or positive changes at work or in private life. Results In the total sample, the prevalence rates for the four LUCIE classifications of signs of increasing exhaustion (from no exhaustion to possible exhaustion disorder) ranged from 65.4–73.0%, 16.6–20.9%, 6.2–9.6%, and 3.4–5.0%. Of 732 individuals screened for LTE episodes, 16% had an LTE episode. The LTE episodes typically coincided with reports of adverse changes at work or, to a lesser extent, in private life. Thus, LUCIE classifications appear reliable and lend themselves to repeated use on the same individuals, or group of individuals. Even single episodes of elevated LUCIE scores seem appropriately to indicate adverse reactions to the work situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Persson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22185, Sweden.
| | - Kai Österberg
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22185, Sweden
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Allen MS, Robson DA. Personality and body dissatisfaction: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis. Body Image 2020; 33:77-89. [PMID: 32113010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research synthesis explored whether major personality dimensions relate to body dissatisfaction. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 studies (37 independent samples) that met inclusion criteria (364 effect sizes; n = 39,109). Data were analyzed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes from 30 individual meta-analyses provided evidence that neuroticism (r = .30), extraversion (r = -.17) and conscientiousness (r = -.16), and to a lesser extent openness (r = -.10) and agreeableness (r = -.08), relate to body dissatisfaction. Effect sizes were smaller in models that controlled for body mass index, with non-significant effects for openness and agreeableness. There was some evidence of publication bias and substantial heterogeneity in computed averages. Random effects meta-regression showed that the association between neuroticism and body dissatisfaction decreased as the sample age increased. Measurement was the most important moderator across personality dimensions, with measures of appearance evaluation and body appreciation often showing smaller associations than other measures of body dissatisfaction. Effect sizes were not moderated by sample sex or world-region. Overall, findings show that higher levels of neuroticism, and lower levels of extraversion and conscientiousness, are associated with a greater risk of body dissatisfaction in men and women irrespective of actual body weight.
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Abstract
This study contributed to cyberpsychology literature by identifying moderating role of gender in the relationship between personality traits and smartphone addiction. A multi-group SEM analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between five factor personality traits (i.e. Big Five) and smartphone addiction among men and women. Big-Five-Inventory (BFI) and Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) were used to collect data from 320 undergraduate students. The results suggested a positively significant relationship between neuroticism (emotional imbalance) and smartphone addiction for women only. Whereas, conscientiousness was negatively related with smartphone addiction for women. Further, there was a negatively significant relationship between agreeableness and smartphone addiction for both genders. The findings suggested that gender has a moderating role in the relationship between neuroticism and smartphone addiction.
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El Othman R, El Othman R, Hallit R, Obeid S, Hallit S. Personality traits, emotional intelligence and decision-making styles in Lebanese universities medical students. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:46. [PMID: 32370782 PMCID: PMC7201943 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to assess the impact of personality traits on emotional intelligence (EI) and decision-making among medical students in Lebanese Universities and to evaluate the potential mediating role-played by emotional intelligence between personality traits and decision-making styles in this population. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and December 2019 on 296 general medicine students. Results Higher extroversion was associated with lower rational decision-making style, whereas higher agreeableness and conscientiousness were significantly associated with a higher rational decision-making style. More extroversion and openness to experience were significantly associated with a higher intuitive style, whereas higher agreeableness and conscientiousness were significantly associated with lower intuitive style. More agreeableness and conscientiousness were significantly associated with a higher dependent decision-making style, whereas more openness to experience was significantly associated with less dependent decision-making style. More agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were significantly associated with less spontaneous decision-making style. None of the personality traits was significantly associated with the avoidant decision-making style. Emotional intelligence seemed to fully mediate the association between conscientiousness and intuitive decision-making style by 38% and partially mediate the association between extroversion and openness to experience with intuitive decision-making style by 49.82 and 57.93% respectively. Conclusion Our study suggests an association between personality traits and decision-making styles. The results suggest that EI showed a significant positive effect on intuitive decision-making style and a negative effect on avoidant and dependent decision-making styles. Additionally, our study underlined the role of emotional intelligence as a mediator factor between personality traits (namely conscientiousness, openness, and extroversion) and decision-making styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan El Othman
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rola El Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon.,Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Research and Psychology departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Research and Psychology departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Whiting SW, Hoff RA, Balodis IM, Potenza MN. An Exploratory Study of Relationships Among Five-Factor Personality Measures and Forms of Gambling in Adults With and Without Probable Pathological Gambling. J Gambl Stud 2019; 35:915-28. [PMID: 30382456 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-9809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored relationships between personality domains and gambling forms in individuals with and without probable pathological gambling (PPG). Associations among personality domain scores obtained from the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, endorsements of gambling activities on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and PPG as determined by the SOGS were examined with bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Compared to recreational gamblers, those with PPG scored significantly higher in neuroticism and lower in agreeableness and conscientiousness. Agreeableness was inversely associated with gambling on cards, sports, bingo, stock market, dice, and skill games. Conscientiousness was inversely associated with gambling on sports and animal racing. Extraversion was positively associated with gambling on cards, dice, and stocks. Neuroticism and openness were positively associated with gambling on animal racing and stock gambling, respectively. Significant interactions indicated stronger inverse associations between agreeableness and gambling in casinos, on sports, and on skill games and stronger positive associations between openness and gambling on stocks and skill games in individuals with PPG compared to those without. The results suggest different relationships between personality domain measures and specific forms of gambling in individuals with and without PPG. Future research efforts should examine how personality factors may be used to enhance policy, prevention, and treatment efforts.
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Bessey D. Preferences, personality and health behaviors: results from an explorative economic experiment. Int J Health Econ Manag 2018; 18:437-456. [PMID: 29476285 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-018-9236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research note analyzes the relationship between experimentally elicited, incentivized economic preference parameters, personality traits, and three health behaviors: smoking, drinking, and physical activity. While there is a strand of economic research that uses proxy measures of risk and time preference that are not derived from an incentivized experiment and personality traits at the same time, and a considerably smaller one that uses experimentally elicited measures of risk and time preference only, the innovation of my work is to use experimentally elicited, incentivized preference measures and personality traits at the same time to explain a range of health behaviors. Findings presented in this paper suggest that personality traits seem to be more important determinants of health behaviors than economic preference parameters, and that Big Five personality traits, especially Agreeableness, seem to be more important determinants than the Grit score developed by Duckworth et al. (J Pers Soc Psychol 92(6):1087, 2007). When also controlling for a host of personality traits, risk preference is not related to the analyzed behaviors, but time preference is negatively related to smoking. When controlling for economic preferences and Big Five personality traits, the Grit score is unrelated to the analyzed health behaviors. Big Five openness is negatively related to the probability of engaging in physical activity, while Big Five agreeableness is negatively related to the probability of both drinking and binge drinking, but also to the probability of engaging in physical activity. Big Five neuroticism is negatively related to the probability of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Bessey
- East Asia International College, Yonsei University, Yonseidae-gil 1, Wonju, 220-710, South Korea.
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Schreckenbach T, Ochsendorf F, Sterz J, Rüsseler M, Bechstein WO, Bender B, Bechtoldt MN. Emotion recognition and extraversion of medical students interact to predict their empathic communication perceived by simulated patients. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:237. [PMID: 30314497 PMCID: PMC6186136 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the impact of medical students' emotion recognition ability and extraversion on their empathic communication, as perceived by simulated patients in a training context. METHODS This study used a crossed-effect data structure and examined 245 students in their fourth year of medical school. The students' personality traits were assessed based on a self-assessment questionnaire of the short form of the Big Five Inventory; their emotion recognition ability was measured using a performance test (Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2, Adult Facial Expressions). Simulated patients evaluated the medical students' empathic communication. RESULTS Students with a combination of high emotion recognition ability and extraversion received more positive ratings from simulated patients than their fellow students with a combination of emotion recognition ability and low extraversion. The main effects of emotion recognition or extraversion were not sufficient to yield similar effects. There were no other effects related to the remaining Big Five variables. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that to build rapport with patients, medical staff need to combine emotional capabilities with a dispositional interest in interpersonal encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Schreckenbach
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Falk Ochsendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jasmina Sterz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Miriam Rüsseler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolf Otto Bechstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Bender
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Myriam N. Bechtoldt
- Department of Management & Economics, EBS University of Business and Law, Oestrich-Winkel, Germany
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Hughes BD, Perone JA, Cummins CB, Sommerhalder C, Tyler DS, Bowen-Jallow KA, Radhakrishnan RS. Personality Testing May Identify Applicants Who Will Become Successful in General Surgery Residency. J Surg Res 2018; 233:240-248. [PMID: 30502254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of successful general surgical residents remains a challenging endeavor for program directors with a national attrition of approximately 20% per year. The Big 5 personality traits and the Grit Scale have been extensively studied in many industries, and certain traits are associated with professional or academic success. However, their utility in surgery resident selection is unknown. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all categorical surgery residents (n = 34) at the University of Texas Medical Branch from 2015 to 2017. Current residents were classified into low performing (n = 12) or non-low performing (n = 22) based on residency performance and standardized test scores. Groups were assessed for differences in both conventional metrics used for selection and Big 5 and grit scores using bivariate analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Personality testing was administered to recent resident applicants (n = 81). Applicants were ranked using conventional application information. We then examined the applicants' personalities and their rank position with personality characteristics of non-low-performing residents to determine if there was any correlation. RESULTS The Big 5 personality test identified significantly higher extroversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability scores in those residents classified as non-low performers. There was no significant difference in conventional metrics or in grit scores between non-low performers and low performers. Our final rank does not correlate well with personality traits of non-low performers. CONCLUSIONS The Big 5 test may prove to be a useful adjunct to the traditional residency application in identifying applicants who may become successful in general surgery residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Perone
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Claire B Cummins
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Douglas S Tyler
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Steinlechner S, Jabusch HC, Altenmüller E, Borngräber F, Hagenah J, Klein C, Lencer R, Schmidt A. Personality profiles are different in musician's dystonia and other isolated focal dystonias. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:26-29. [PMID: 29800777 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological abnormalities have been reported in patients with musician's dystonia. To further differentiate these abnormalities, we evaluated personality traits in musician's dystonia and compared them to those in other isolated focal dystonias. Therefore patients with musician's dystonia (n = 101) and other isolated focal dystonias (n = 85) underwent the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Women with musician's dystonia had higher NEO-FFI neuroticism scores, and men significantly higher openness scores compared to women and men with other isolated focal dystonias, respectively. There were negative correlations in men with musician's dystonia between duration of dystonia and the NEO-FFI openness and extraversion scores and between age and extraversion scores. Women with other isolated focal dystonias showed correlations between age and agreeableness and conscientiousness scores. Patients with musician's dystonia are characterized by a specific personality profile with increased neuroticism and openness compared to other isolated focal dystonias. Whether this profile can be traced back to specific underlying disease mechanisms should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Steinlechner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Helios Fachklinik Schleswig, Schleswig, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Jabusch
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Dresden University of Music "Carl Maria von Weber", Dresden, Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover,Germany
| | - Friederike Borngräber
- Berlin Center for Musicians' Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Hagenah
- Department of Neurology, Westküstenklinikum Heide, Heide, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Berlin Center for Musicians' Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Müller KW, Wölfling K, Beutel ME, Stark B, Quiring O, Aufenanger S, Schemer C, Weber M, Reinecke L. Insights Into Aspects Behind Internet-Related Disorders in Adolescents: The Interplay of Personality and Symptoms of Adjustment Disorders. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:234-240. [PMID: 29174875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Problematic Internet use (PIU) that has recently been referred to as Internet-related disorder is a growing health concern. Yet, it is unclear why some adolescents are developing problematic use, whereas others sustain control. Based on previous research, we hypothesize that personality traits (low conscientiousness and high neuroticism) act as predispositions for PIU. We further hypothesize that PIU can be understood as a maladaptive reaction toward critical life events and that these maladaptive reactions are exacerbated by dysfunctional personality traits. METHODS The study investigates the prevalence of distinct subtypes of PIU among a sample of adolescents (n = 1,489; 10-17 years). Personality traits (Big Five Inventory-10 [BFI-10]), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4 [PSS-4]), and their relations to PIU (Scale for the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction [AICA-S]) were examined. As novel research questions, associations between PIU and adjustment disorders (Adjustment Disorder-New Module [ADNM]-6) and the mediating role of personality were investigated. RESULTS The prevalence of PIU was 2.5%; girls (3.0%) were more often affected than boys (1.9%). Social networking sites in girls and online games in boys were most often associated with PIU. Low conscientiousness and high neuroticism generally predicted PIU. Significantly more adolescents with PIU (70%) reported critical life events compared with those without PIU (42%). PIU was related to heightened stress and higher adjustment disorder symptoms. These associations were exacerbated by conscientiousness and neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall prevalence for PIU is in line with previous studies, it appeared unexpectedly that girls were affected more often than boys. Adjustment disorders and stress showed strong associations with PIU. This bears implications for adapting etiopathological assumptions and early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai W Müller
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgit Stark
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Quiring
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Aufenanger
- Institute of Education, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Schemer
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Weber
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Reinecke
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Seeliger H, Harendza S. Is perfect good? - Dimensions of perfectionism in newly admitted medical students. BMC Med Educ 2017; 17:206. [PMID: 29132334 PMCID: PMC5683541 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-1034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Society expects physicians to perform perfectly but high levels of perfectionism are associated with symptoms of distress in medical students. This study investigated whether medical students admitted to medical school by different selection criteria differ in the occurrence of perfectionism. METHODS Newly enrolled undergraduate medical students (n = 358) filled out the following instruments: Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS-H), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS-F), Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7). Sociodemographic data such as age, gender, high school degrees, and the way of admission to medical school were also included in the questionnaire. RESULTS The 298 participating students had significantly lower scores in Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism than the general population independently of their way of admission to medical school. Students who were selected for medical school by their high school degree showed the highest score for Adaptive Perfectionism. Maladaptive Perfectionism was the strongest predictor for the occurrence symptoms of depression and anxiety regardless of the way of admission. CONCLUSIONS Students from all admission groups should be observed longitudinally for performance and to assess whether perfectionism questionnaires might be an additional useful instrument for medical school admission processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Seeliger
- III. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Harendza
- III. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medizinische Klinik, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Rahman MS, Guban P, Wang M, Melas PA, Forsell Y, Lavebratt C. The serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR) and childhood adversity are associated with the personality trait openness to experience. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:322-326. [PMID: 28800511 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence supporting an association between the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the Five Factor Model (FFM) of human personality. 5-HTTLPR has also been found to interact with stressful life events to increase risk of psychopathology. In the present study, by taking into account stressful life events in the form of childhood adversity, we examined the association between 5-HTTLPR and FFM traits using an adult Swedish cohort (N = 3112). We found that 5-HTTLPR was significantly associated with openness (to experience). Specifically, homozygote carriers of the short allele had lower levels of openness compared to carriers of the long allele. In addition, childhood adversity was found to influence openness. These findings support a previously reported association of 5-HTTLPR with openness in a younger cohort and may provide insights into the neurobiological basis of human personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Guban
- Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe A Melas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Linkov V. Psychology is not primarily Empirical Science: A Comparison of Cultures in the Lexical Hypothesis Tradition as a Failure of Introspection. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2016; 51:285-302. [PMID: 28035626 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-016-9375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A large part of psychology has become an empirical science that assumes that there might exist one set of research methods suitable for psychological research in all human cultures. Research questions, methods, and theories formulated from one cultural perspective are not thoroughly introspectively examined when being used in another cultural environment. This leads to research that answers questions that are not meaningful in such environments. Research coming from the lexical hypothesis tradition is given as an example. The original research in English language decided that the lexicon was enough to represent language structures for the purpose of examining how language reflects personality; however, some languages might use specific grammatical structures to reflect personality, so the lexicon is not enough to adequately represent these languages. Despite this, researchers still follow the research method developed for the English language. The Czech and Korean languages are examples of this approach. A solution to this problem is the thorough use of introspection during the formulation of research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Linkov
- CDV - Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Nishita Y, Tange C, Tomida M, Otsuka R, Ando F, Shimokata H. Personality and global cognitive decline in Japanese community-dwelling elderly people: A 10-year longitudinal study. J Psychosom Res 2016; 91:20-5. [PMID: 27894458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the longitudinal associations between the big five personality and changes in global cognitive function among community-dwelling elderly people involved in the National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging. METHODS The participants were 594 individuals (age range 60-81years) and followed for 10years and tested six times. Personality was assessed by the Japanese version of NEO five factor inventory at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed by the Japanese version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at all visits. For participants with a baseline MMSE score≥28, logistic generalized estimating equation models estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MMSE score≤27 at each follow-up visit, according to a 1-SD increase of the baseline personality score. Post hoc analyses were performed for mild cognitive deficits, baseline MMSE score≥24 and ≤27, to estimate the OR and CI for MMSE score≤23. RESULTS The adjusted OR for MMSE score≤27 was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.69-0.88), with a 1-SD increase in Openness to Experience score. In post hoc analyses, the adjusted OR for MMSE score≤23 was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.35-0.72) with a 1-SD increase in Conscientiousness score. Relationships between other personality traits and the decline in MMSE score were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher Openness to Experience was associated with a reduction in risk for cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Higher Conscientiousness might also predict lower risk for severe cognitive decline, especially for individuals with mild cognitive deficits.
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Abstract
The association between personality and gambling has been explored previously. However, few studies are based on representative populations. This study aimed at examining the association between risk gambling and personality in a representative Swedish population. A random Swedish sample (N = 19,530) was screened for risk gambling using the Lie/Bet questionnaire. The study sample (N = 257) consisted of those screening positive on Lie/Bet and completing a postal questionnaire about gambling and personality (measured with the NODS-PERC and the HP5i respectively). Risk gambling was positively correlated with Negative Affectivity (a facet of Neuroticism) and Impulsivity (an inversely related facet of Conscientiousness), but all associations were weak. When taking age and gender into account, there were no differences in personality across game preference groups, though preferred game correlated with level of risk gambling. Risk gamblers scored lower than the population norm data with respect to Negative Affectivity, but risk gambling men scored higher on Impulsivity. The association between risk gambling and personality found in previous studies was corroborated in this study using a representative sample. We conclude that risk and problem gamblers should not be treated as a homogeneous group, and prevention and treatment interventions should be adapted according to differences in personality, preferred type of game and the risk potential of the games.
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49
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Keuthen NJ, Tung ES, Tung MG, Curley EE, Flessner CA. NEO-FFI personality clusters in trichotillomania. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239:196-203. [PMID: 27016621 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether personality prototypes exist among hair pullers and if these groups differ in hair pulling (HP) characteristics, clinical correlates, and quality of life. 164 adult hair pullers completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa and McCrae, 1992) and self-report measures of HP severity, HP style, affective state, and quality of life. A latent class cluster analysis using NEO-FFI scores was performed to separate participants into clusters. Bonferroni-corrected t-tests were used to compare clusters on HP, affective, and quality of life variables. Multiple regression was used to determine which variables significantly predicted quality of life. Two distinct personality prototypes were identified. Cluster 1 (n=96) had higher neuroticism and lower extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness when compared to cluster 2 (n=68). No significant differences in demographics were reported for the two personality clusters. The clusters differed on extent of focused HP, severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as quality of life. Those in cluster 1 endorsed greater depression, anxiety, and stress, and worse quality of life. Additionally, only depression and cluster membership (based on NEO scores) significantly predicted quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Keuthen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114, USA.
| | - Esther S Tung
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Erin E Curley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114, USA
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50
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Schirmbeck F, Boyette LL, van der Valk R, Meijer C, Dingemans P, Van R, de Haan L, Kahn RS, de Haan L, van Os J, Wiersma D, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, Meijer C, Myin-Germeys I. Relevance of Five-Factor Model personality traits for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders and their un-affected siblings. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:464-70. [PMID: 25613659 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High rates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in schizophrenia require pathogenic explanations. Personality traits may represent risk and resiliency factors for the development of mental disorders and their comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and the liability for OCS in patients with psychotic disorders and in their un-affected siblings. FFM traits, occurrence and severity of OCS and (subclinical) psychotic symptoms were assessed in 208 patients and in 281 siblings. Differences in FFM traits between participants with vs. without comorbid OCS were examined and the predictive value of FFM traits on group categorization was evaluated. Associations between FFM traits and OCS severity were investigated. Patients and siblings with OCS showed significantly higher Neuroticism compared to their counterparts without OCS. Neuroticism was positively associated with higher OCS severity and significantly predicted group assignment in both patients and in siblings. Patients with comorbid OCS presented with lower scores on Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Higher Neuroticism, and to a lesser degree lower Extraversion and Conscientiousness might add to the vulnerability of patients with a psychotic disorder to also develop OCS. Future prospective studies are needed to elucidate proposed personality-psychopathology interrelations and possible mediating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schirmbeck
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carin Meijer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Dingemans
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rien Van
- Arkin Mental Health Department, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Maastricht University Medical Center, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Durk Wiersma
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Carin Meijer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Maastricht University Medical Center, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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