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Güzelcan EA, Baxendale IR, Cetin-Atalay R, Baumann M. Synthesis of new derivatives of boehmeriasin A and their biological evaluation in liver cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:243-255. [PMID: 30716712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two series of boehmeriasin A analogs have been synthesized in short and high yielding processes providing derivatives differing either in the alkaloid's pentacyclic scaffold or its peripheral substitution pattern. These series have enabled, for the first time, comparative studies into key biological properties revealing a new lead compound with exceptionally high activity against liver cancer cell lines in the picomolar range for both well (Huh7, Hep3B and HepG2) and poorly (Mahlavu, FOCUS and SNU475) differentiated cells. The cell death was characterized as apoptosis by cytochrome-C release, PARP protein cleavage and SubG1 cell cycle arrest. Subsequent testing associated apoptosis via oxidative stress with in situ formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered phospho-protein levels. Compound 19 decreased Akt protein phosphorylation which is crucially involved in liver cancer tumorigenesis. Given its simple synthetic accessibility and intriguing biological properties this new lead compound could address unmet challenges within liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Akhan Güzelcan
- Graduate School of Informatics, Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, METU, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK.
| | - Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- Graduate School of Informatics, Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, METU, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Maftei CV, Fodor E, Jones PG, Freytag M, Franz MH, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Tamm M, Neda I. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) with 1,2,4-oxadiazole-substituents related to natural products: synthesis, structure and potential antitumor activity of some corresponding gold(I) and silver(I) complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:431-41. [PMID: 26185007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis, characterization and application of eleven new gold (I) complexes 13-23 with 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and of the NHC silver(I) complex 24. The 1,2,4-oxadiazole unit, which can be found in a variety of biologically active natural products such as phidianidines or quisqualic acid, was incorporated, along with a variety of other biologically active moieties (anthracene, indole, 2-pyridine, 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranose, quincorine and quincoridine), in order to change the lipophilicity of the complexes, so that the transport of the active units (M-NHC) though the cell wall barrier is facilitated. The biological activity of the complexes was investigated. In vitro assessment of anti-tumor activity in a panel of 12 human tumor cell lines by a monolayer assay revealed impressive potency (mean IC50 < 0.1 μM) and tumor selectivity for 6 compounds, with individual IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The solid state structures of compounds 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 and 24 were determined by X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin V Maftei
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata, Str. Dr. A. Paunescu Podeanu, Nr. 144, Ro-300569 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Fodor
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata, Str. Dr. A. Paunescu Podeanu, Nr. 144, Ro-300569 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Heiko Franz
- InnoChemTech GmbH, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata, Str. Dr. A. Paunescu Podeanu, Nr. 144, Ro-300569 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gerhard Kelter
- Oncotest GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ion Neda
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata, Str. Dr. A. Paunescu Podeanu, Nr. 144, Ro-300569 Timisoara, Romania.
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