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Şen E, Özkan N, Önger ME, Kaplan S. Effects of NGF and Photobiomodulation Therapy on Crush Nerve Injury and Fracture Healing: A Stereological and Histopathological Study in an Animal Model. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2023; 16:281-291. [PMID: 38047151 PMCID: PMC10693267 DOI: 10.1177/19433875221138175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design A stereological and histopathological study in an animal model. Objective This study explores the effects of the nerve growth factor and photobiomodulation therapy on the damaged nerve tissue and fracture healing. Methods A total of 24 rabbits were divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 5), nerve growth factor (NGF) group (n = 7), photobiomodulation (PBMT) group (n = 6), and nerve growth factor and photobiomodulation therapy (NGF+PBMT) group (n = 6). The vertical fracture was performed between the mental foramen and the first premolar, and the mental nerve was crushed for 30 seconds with a standard serrated clamp with a force of approximately 50 N in all groups. The control group received an isotonic solution (.02 mL, .09% NaCl) to the operation site locally. The NGF group received 1 μg human NGF-β/.9% .2 mL NaCl solution for 7 days locally. The PBMT group received PBMT treatment (GaAlAs laser, 810 nm, .3 W, 18 J/cm2) every 48 hours for 14 sessions following the surgery. The NGF+PBMT group received both NGF and PBMT treatment as described above. After 28 days, the bone tissues and mental nerves from all groups were harvested and histologically and stereologically analyzed. Results According to the stereological results, the volume of the new vessel and the volume of the new bone were significantly higher in the PBMT group than in other groups (P < .001). According to the histopathological examinations, higher myelinated axons were observed in experimental groups than in the control group. Conclusions As a result, PBMT has beneficial effects on bone regeneration. Based on the light microscopic evaluation, more regenerated axon populations were observed in the NGF group than in the PBMT and PBMT + NGF groups in terms of myelinated axon content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esengül Şen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Özkan
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Önger
- Associate Professor, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Professor, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
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Supra R, Wilson DR, Agrawal DK. Therapeutic Potential of "Smart" Exosomes in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. J Biotechnol Biomed 2023; 6:189-196. [PMID: 37388677 PMCID: PMC10310314 DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-91280082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury results in severe loss of motor and sensory function in the affected limb. The gold standard for peripheral nerve repair is autologous nerve grafts, but their inherent drawbacks limit their use. Satisfactory clinical data are yet to be obtained using tissue engineered nerve grafts with neurotrophic factors introduced in these grafts for nerve repair. Therefore, peripheral nerve regeneration still remains a challenge for clinicians. Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles from the extracellular membrane. They are critical for communication within the cell and play a crucial role in the pathologic process of the peripheral nervous system. Recent research supports the role of exosomes in exhibiting neurotherapeutic effects through axonal growth, Schwann cell activation, and regulating inflammation. Indeed, the use of "smart" exosomes by reprogramming or manipulating the secretome contents and functions are rising as a therapeutic option for treating peripheral nerve defects. This review provides an overview on the promising role of exosomes in the process of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Supra
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Henderson, Nevada, New York
| | - Daniel R Wilson
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, California, USA
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Mohebichamkhorami F, Niknam Z, Khoramjouy M, Heidarli E, Ghasemi R, Hosseinzadeh S, Mohseni SS, Hajikarim-Hamedani A, Heidari A, Ghane Y, Mahmoudifard M, Zali H, Faizi M. Brain Homogenate of a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Modifies the Secretome of 3D Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: A Potential Neuroregenerative Therapy. Iran J Pharm Res 2022; 21:e133668. [PMID: 36896321 PMCID: PMC9990517 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-133668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to neuronal cell death and manifested by cognitive disorders and behavioral impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising candidates to stimulate neuroregeneration and prevent disease progression. Optimization of MSC culturing protocols is a key strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of the secretome. Objectives Here, we investigated the effect of brain homogenate of a rat model of AD (BH-AD) on the enhancement of protein secretion in the secretome of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) when cultured in a 3D environment. Moreover, the effect of this modified secretome was examined on neural cells to study the impact of the conditioned medium (CM) on stimulation of regeneration or immunomodulation in AD. Methods PDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Then, the spheroids of PDLSCs were generated in a modified 3D culture plate. PDLSCs-derived CM was prepared in the presence of BH-AD (PDLSCs-HCM) and the absence of it (PDLSCs-CM). The viability of C6 glioma cells was assessed after exposure to different concentrations of both CMs. Then, a proteomic analysis was performed on the CMs. Results Differentiation into adipocytes and high expression of MSCs markers verified the precise isolation of PDLSCs. The PDLSC spheroids were formed after 7 days of 3D culturing, and their viability was confirmed. The effect of CMs on C6 glioma cell viability showed that both CMs at low concentrations (> 20 mg/mL) had no cytotoxic effect on C6 neural cells. The results showed that PDLSCs-HCM contains higher concentrations of proteins compared to PDLSCs-CM, including Src-homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing PTPs (SHP-1) and muscle glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) proteins. SHP-1 has a role in nerve regeneration, and PYGM is involved in glycogen metabolism. Conclusions The modified secretome derived from 3D cultured spheroids of PDLSCs treated by BH-AD as a reservoir of regenerating neural factors can serve as a potential source for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Heidarli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sarvenaz Mohseni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yekta Ghane
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Park J. Immunomodulatory Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. Biomed J Sci Tech Res 2022; 45:36467-36470. [PMID: 37333689 PMCID: PMC10275345 DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2022.45.007202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key secondary event after spinal cord injury (SCI) and can increase barriers to regeneration, leading to various neurological disorders. Infiltrated hematogenous innate immune cells into the injured site are considered the main effector cells of the inflammatory responses after SCI. Glucocorticoids were the standard of care for spinal cord trauma for years due to their anti-inflammatory properties yet were also associated with unwanted side effects. While the administration of glucocorticoids is controversial, immunomodulatory strategies that limit inflammatory responses provide the potential therapeutic approaches to promote functional regeneration following SCI. Herein, we will discuss emerging therapeutic strategies to modulate inflammatory responses to enhance nerve recovery after spinal cord trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyuck Park
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, USA
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Sturny M, Karakus S, Fraga-Silva R, Stergiopulos N, Burnett AL. Low-Intensity Electrostimulation Enhances Neuroregeneration and Improves Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2022; 19:686-696. [PMID: 35288047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy (RP) is a frequent complication often leading to erectile tissue remodeling and permanent ED. Low-intensity electrostimulation (LIES) has been shown to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, however, its application on cavernous nerves (CN) has never been investigated. AIMS To investigate whether LIES enhances CN regeneration, improves erectile function (EF) recovery, and prevents corpora cavernosal remodeling after CN injury, which is a principal factor for ED following RP. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Sham, Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury (BCNI), and BCNI + LIES (1V, 0.1ms, 12Hz, 1h/day). After 7days, EF was assessed (ICP measurement). Penes and CN were collected for molecular analyses of TGF-β1, Il-6, CRP, eNOS, ERK and AKT protein levels in corpus cavernosum (CC), and immunohistological analysis of DHE, total collagen and α-SMA in CC and S-100, Tub-III, DAPI, TUNEL, and nNOS in CN. OUTCOMES Effects of LIES on EF, erectile tissue remodeling and CN structure. RESULTS EF was decreased (P < .05) 7 days after BCNI and increased (P < .05) by LIES. Intracavernosal reactive oxygen species (DHE) was increased (P < .05) after BCNI and normalized by LIES. Protein expressions of TGF-β1, IL-6, and CRP were increased in the penis (P < .05) after BCNI and normalized by LIES. The α-SMA and/or total collagen ratio was decreased (P < .05) after BCNI in the penis and normalized by LIES. Protein expression ratio of p-ERK/ERK and p-AKT/AKT did not change after BCNI but increased (P < .05) in LIES group. Myelination and number of nNOS positive cells in the CN were decreased (P < .05) after BCNI and normalized by LIES. The number of apoptotic nerve cells within the dorsal penile nerve was increased (P < .05) after BCNI and decreased (P < .05) by LIES compared to the BCNI group. There were no differences in eNOS expression in the penis between study groups. CLINICAL TRANSLATION LIES may offer a potential new tool for penile rehabilitation and ED management following RP, potentially enhancing EF recovery and minimizing the side effects of this surgery. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This study provides evidence of the protective effect of LIES on EF and tissue remodeling following CN injury; nevertheless, this study has been conducted on animals and the translation to humans remains to be demonstrated. Further research to identify the underlying mechanisms of action is required. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that LIES of the CN after CN injury protects CN structure, enhances EF recovery, and prevents corpora cavernosal remodeling. Sturny M, Karakus S, Fraga-Silva R, et al. Low-Intensity Electrostimulation Enhances Neuroregeneration and Improves Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2022;19:686-696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sturny
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Department of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serkan Karakus
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo Fraga-Silva
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Department of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Department of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Mattos E, Guedes A, Lessa PIF, Baptista AF. Influence of surface peripheral electrical stimulation on nerve regeneration after digital nerve neurorrhaphy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. F1000Res 2021; 10:219. [PMID: 34909180 PMCID: PMC8596177 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.42120.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We will study the influence of low intensity and frequency surface peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) on nerve regeneration of digital nerve injuries of the hand after its surgical repair in humans. Participants will be patients with acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury referred to the Hand Surgery Service of the General Hospital of the State of Bahia, a reference service in the state. These patients will undergo surgery followed by PES in the immediate postoperative period. After hospital discharge, they will be followed up on an outpatient basis by researchers, who will remotely supervise a physiotherapy program. Our hypothesis is that PES will positively influence the recovery of sensory function in patients undergoing neurorrhaphy of digital nerves of the hand. ReBEC registration: U1111-1259-1998 (12/18/2020)
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Affiliation(s)
- Enilton Mattos
- Pos Graduate Program in Medicine and Human Health, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alex Guedes
- Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Bahia Medical School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Abrahão Fontes Baptista
- Pos Graduate Program in Medicine and Human Health, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigations 54 (LIM-54), São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marques CDO, Espindula IA, Darko EKK, Bonetti LV, Sonza A, Partata WA, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Malysz T. Whole-body vibration therapy does not improve the peripheral nerve regeneration in experimental model. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2021; 21:68-78. [PMID: 33657756 PMCID: PMC8020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whole-body vibration (WBV) is commonly used to improve motor function, balance and functional performance, but its effects on the body are not fully understood. The main objective was to evaluate the morphometric and functional effects of WBV in an experimental nerve regeneration model. METHODS Wistar rats were submitted to unilateral sciatic nerve crush and treated with WBV (4-5 weeks), started at 3 or 10 days after injury. Functional performances were weekly assessed by sciatic functional index, horizontal ladder rung walking and narrow beam tests. Nerve histomorphometry analysis was assessed at the end of the protocol. RESULTS Injured groups, sedentary and WBV started at 3 days, had similar functional deficits. WBV, regardless of the start time, did not alter the histomorphometry parameters in the regeneration process. CONCLUSIONS The earlier therapy did not change the expected and natural recovery after the nerve lesion, but when the WBV starts later it seems to impair function parameter of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlanne de Oliveira Marques
- Post graduation Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Comparative Histophysiology Laboratory, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Izabela Amaro Espindula
- Comparative Histophysiology Laboratory, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eric Kwame Karikari Darko
- Comparative Histophysiology Laboratory, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Viçosa Bonetti
- Post Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anelise Sonza
- Post Graduation Program in Physiotherapy, Health and Sport Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Wania Aparecida Partata
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Post graduation Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Comparative Histophysiology Laboratory, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taís Malysz
- Post graduation Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Comparative Histophysiology Laboratory, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Corresponding author: Tais Malysz, PhD. Address: R. Sarmento Leite, 500 - Farroupilha, Porto Alegre – Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil E-mail:
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8
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Peng D, Reed-Maldonado AB, Zhou F, Tan Y, Yuan H, Banie L, Wang G, Tang Y, He L, Lin G, Lue TF. Exosome Released From Schwann Cells May Be Involved in Microenergy Acoustic Pulse-Associated Cavernous Nerve Regeneration. J Sex Med 2020; 17:1618-1628. [PMID: 32669249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is often refractory to treatment because of insufficient functional nerve recovery after injury or insult. Noninvasive mechano-biological intervention, such as microenergy acoustic pulse (MAP), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, and low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave treatment, is an optimal approach to stimulate nerve regeneration. AIM To establish a new model in vitro to simulate nerve injury in neurogenic ED and to explore the mechanisms of MAP in vitro. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used to isolate Schwann cells (SCs), major pelvic ganglion (MPG), and cavernous nerve with MPG (CN/MPG). SCs were then treated with MAP (0.033 mJ/mm2, 1 Hz, 100 pulses), and SC exosomes were isolated. The MPG and CN/MPG were treated with MAP (0.033 mJ/mm2, 1 Hz) at different dosages (25, 50, 100, 200, or 300 pulses) or exosomes derived from MAP-treated SCs in vitro. OUTCOMES Neurite growth from the MPG fragments and CN was photographed and measured. Expression of neurotropic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3) was checked. RESULTS Neurite outgrowth from MPG and CN/MPG was enhanced by MAP in a dosage response manner, peaking at 100 pulses. MAP promoted SC proliferation, neurotropic factor (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3) expression, and exosome secretion. SC-derived exosomes significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth from MPG in vitro. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS MAP may have utility in the treatment of neurogenic ED by SC-derived exosomes. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS We confirmed that MAP enhances penile nerve regeneration through exsomes. Limitations of this study include that our study did not explore the exact mechanisms of how MAP increases SC exosome secretion nor whether MAP modulates the content of exosomes. CONCLUSION This study revealed that neurite outgrowth from MPG was enhanced by MAP and by SC-derived exosomes which were isolated after MAP treatment. Our findings indicate that one mechanism by which MAP induces nerve regeneration is by stimulation of SCs to secrete exosomes. Peng D, Reed-Maldonado AB, Zhou F, et al. Exosome Released From Schwann Cells May Be Involved in Microenergy Acoustic Pulse-Associated Cavernous Nerve Regeneration. J Sex Med 2020;17:1618-1628.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Peng
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Amanda B Reed-Maldonado
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Tan
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huixing Yuan
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lia Banie
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guifang Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tom F Lue
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Wang HS, Ruan Y, Banie L, Cui K, Kang N, Peng D, Liu T, Wang T, Wang B, Wang G, Shindel AW, Lin G, Lue TF. Delayed Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Impaired Penile Hemodynamics in Rats Subjected to Pelvic Neurovascular Injury. J Sex Med 2018; 16:17-26. [PMID: 30509508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by pelvic neurovascular injury (PNVI) is often refractory to treatment. In many cases, erectogenic therapy is administered in a delayed fashion. AIM To evaluate penile hemodynamic effects and histologic changes associated with delayed low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) after PNVI ED in a rat model. We visualized images using immunofluorescence and 3-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs (3DISCO), a novel imaging technique. METHODS A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 12 weeks were divided equally into 4 groups: sham surgery as normal controls (NC), PNVI controls (PC), PNVI with very-low-energy Li-ESWT (PVL), and PNVI with low-energy Li-ESWT (PL). Bilateral cavernous nerve crush and internal pudendal bundle ligation were performed in the 3 PNVI groups. Li-ESWT was administered twice a week for 4 weeks in the PL and PVL groups starting at 4 weeks after PNVI. OUTCOMES Intracavernous pressure (ICP) studies (normalized to mean arterial pressure [MAP]) were conducted in all subject animals. After testing, tissue was harvested for immunofluorescence staining and 3DISCO analysis. RESULTS Mean ICP/MAP was lower in PC animals compared with NC animals (0.37 ± 0.03 vs 0.91 ± 0.03, respectively; P = .001). The ICP/MAP ratio was significantly higher in PVL and PL animals (0.66 ± 0.07 and 0.82 ± 0.05, respectively) compared with PC animals (P = .002 and .001, respectively). Detailed microstructures and trajectories of nerves and vessels were identified with immunofluorescence and 3DISCO. The PC group had lower density of nerves, axons, neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive nerves, and Schwann cells in the dorsal penis. Animals in the PL group had significantly higher expression of all of these markers compared with PC animals. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Li-EWST may have utility in the management of severe ED related to PNVI from severe pelvic injury or radical pelvic surgeries, even when administered in a delayed fashion. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS This study of a severe ED phenotype involved treatment administered in a delayed fashion, which is more consistent with how therapy likely would be delivered in a real-world clinical context. Moreover, because the treatment commenced at 4 weeks after injury, when nerve and tissue atrophy have already occurred, the results imply that Li-ESWT can be used for regenerative therapy. Additional studies on dose optimization and treatment interval are needed to inform the design of human clinical trials. CONCLUSION Li-ESWT ameliorates the negative functional and histologic effects of severe pelvic neurovascular injury in a rat model system. 3DISCO provides high-resolution images of neuroanatomy and neural regeneration. Wang HS, Ruan Y, Banie L, et al. Delayed Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Impaired Penile Hemodynamics in Rats Subjected to Pelvic Neurovascular Injury. J Sex Med 2019;16:17-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun Shuan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lia Banie
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kai Cui
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ning Kang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dongyi Peng
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bohan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guifang Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan W Shindel
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tom F Lue
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Li H, Matheu MP, Sun F, Wang L, Sanford MT, Ning H, Banie L, Lee YC, Xin Z, Guo Y, Lin G, Lue TF. Low-energy Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction in a Pelvic Neurovascular Injuries Rat Model. J Sex Med 2016; 13:22-32. [PMID: 26755082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by pelvic injuries is a common complication of civil and battlefield trauma with multiple neurovascular factors involved, and no effective therapeutic approach is available. AIMS To test the effect and mechanisms of low-energy shock wave (LESW) therapy in a rat ED model induced by pelvic neurovascular injuries. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) at newborn were divided into 4 groups: sham surgery (Sham), pelvic neurovascular injury by bilateral cavernous nerve injury and internal pudendal bundle injury (PVNI), PVNI treated with LESW at low energy (Low), and PVNI treated with LESW at high energy (High). After LESW treatment, rats underwent erectile function measurement and the tissues were harvested for histologic and molecular study. To examine the effect of LESW on Schwann cells, in vitro studies were conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement, histological examination, and Western blot (WB) were conducted. Cell cycle, Schwann cell activation-related markers were examined in in vitro experiments. RESULTS LESW treatment improves erectile function in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injury by leading to angiogenesis, tissue restoration, and nerve generation with more endogenous EdU(+) progenitor cells recruited to the damaged area and activation of Schwann cells. LESW facilitates more complete re-innervation of penile tissue with regeneration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive nerves from the MPG to the penis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LESW has a direct effect on Schwann cell proliferation. Schwann cell activation-related markers including p-Erk1/2 and p75 were upregulated after LESW treatment. CONCLUSION LESW-induced endogenous progenitor cell recruitment and Schwann cell activation coincides with angiogenesis, tissue, and nerve generation in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injuries.
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11
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Gill BC, Lin DL, Balog BM, Dissaranan C, Jiang HH, Damaser MS. Molecular Assessment of Neuroregenerative Response in the Pudendal Nerve: A Useful Tool in Regenerative Urology. SDRP J Biomed Eng 2016; 1:http://www.openaccessjournals.siftdesk.org/articles/pdf/Molecular-Assessment-of-Neuroregenerative20160208011125.pdf. [PMID: 28239689 PMCID: PMC5321200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Assessing pudendal nerve neuroregenerative response provides valuable insight into injuries and regenerative treatments related to urinary incontinence. This project developed and validated a cost-effective, expedient, and adoptable method of assessing pudendal nerve neuroregenerative response. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral pudendal nerve crush prior to spinal cord harvest and laser microdissection for separate collection of the injured and uninjured Onuf's nuclei (pudendal motor neuron cell bodies). Commercially available kits were used to extract and isolate RNA, as well as reverse transcribe and amplify cDNA from cells. Utilizing standard quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), expression of βII-Tubulin, a cytoskeletal protein indicative of nerve growth and neuroregenerative response, was determined in the injured side relative to the uninjured side 1 week after injury. RESULTS Injury upregulated βII-Tubulin 2.36±0.46 times via Q-PCR, which was not significantly (p=0.508) different from the 2.49±0.38 times increase noted with in-situ hybridization previously. Starting with tissue collection, results are available within 1 day using PCR, while in-situ hybridization requires 4-weeks. CONCLUSIONS An easily adoptable PCR-based method of assessing the neuroregenerative response of the pudendal nerve successfully reproduced results obtained with a previous radioisotope-based in-situ hybridization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C. Gill
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Dan Li Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brian M. Balog
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Charuspong Dissaranan
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hai-Hong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Margot S. Damaser
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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12
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Sebben AD, Lichtenfels M, da Silva JL. PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION: CELL THERAPY AND NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS. Rev Bras Ortop 2011; 46:643-9. [PMID: 27027067 DOI: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve trauma results in functional loss in the innervated organ, and recovery without surgical intervention is rare. Many surgical techniques can be used for nerve repair. Among these, the tubulization technique can be highlighted: this allows regenerative factors to be introduced into the chamber. Cell therapy and tissue engineering have arisen as an alternative for stimulating and aiding peripheral nerve regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide a survey and analysis on the results from experimental and clinical studies that used cell therapy and tissue engineering as tools for optimizing the regeneration process. The articles used came from the LILACS, Medline and SciELO scientific databases. Articles on the use of stem cells, Schwann cells, growth factors, collagen, laminin and platelet-rich plasma for peripheral nerve repair were summarized over the course of the review. Based on these studies, it could be concluded that the use of stem cells derived from different sources presents promising results relating to nerve regeneration, because these cells have a capacity for neuronal differentiation, thus demonstrating effective functional results. The use of tubes containing bioactive elements with controlled release also optimizes the nerve repair, thus promoting greater myelination and axonal growth of peripheral nerves. Another promising treatment is the use of platelet-rich plasma, which not only releases growth factors that are important in nerve repair, but also serves as a carrier for exogenous factors, thereby stimulating the proliferation of specific cells for peripheral nerve repair.
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13
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Ju DT, Kuo WW, Ho TJ, Paul CR, Kuo CH, Viswanadha VP, Lin CC, Chen YS, Chang YM, Huang CY. Protocatechuic Acid from Alpinia oxyphylla Induces Schwann Cell Migration via ERK1/2, JNK and p38 Activation. Am J Chin Med 2015; 43:653-65. [PMID: 26119854 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla MIQ (Alpinate Oxyphyllae Fructus, AOF) is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb whose fruits is widely used to prepare tonics and is used as an aphrodisiac, anti salivary, anti diuretic and nerve-protective agent. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a simple phenolic compound was isolated from the kernels of AOF. This study investigated the role of PCA in promoting neural regeneration and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Nerve regeneration is a complex physiological response that takes place after injury. Schwann cells play a crucial role in the endogenous repair of peripheral nerves due to their ability to proliferate and migrate. The role of PCA in Schwann cell migration was determined by assessing the induced migration potential of RSC96 Schwann cells. PCA induced changes in the expression of proteins of three MAPK pathways, as determined using Western blot analysis. In order to determine the roles of MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38) pathways in PCA-induced matrix-degrading proteolytic enzyme (PAs and MMP2/9) production, the expression of several MAPK-associated proteins was analyzed after siRNA-mediated inhibition assays. Treatment with PCA-induced ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation that activated the downstream expression of PAs and MMPs. PCA-stimulated ERK1/2, JNK and p38 phosphorylation was attenuated by individual pretreatment with siRNAs or MAPK inhibitors (U0126, SP600125, and SB203580), resulting in the inhibition of migration and the uPA-related signal pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that PCA extract regulate the MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38)/PA (uPA, tPA)/MMP (MMP2, MMP9) mediated regeneration and migration signaling pathways in Schwann cells. Therefore, PCA plays a major role in Schwann cell migration and the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Department, China Medical University, Beigang Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Catherine Reena Paul
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, TPEC, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Orthopaedic Department, Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chernov AV, Dolkas J, Hoang K, Angert M, Srikrishna G, Vogl T, Baranovskaya S, Strongin AY, Shubayev VI. The calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9 initiate the early inflammatory program in injured peripheral nerves. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11771-84. [PMID: 25792748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To shed light on the early immune response processes in severed peripheral nerves, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling and bioinformatics analyses of the proximal (P, regenerating) and distal (D, degenerating) nerve stumps on day 1 in the sciatic nerve axotomy model in rats. Multiple cell death-related pathways were activated in the degenerating D stump, whereas activation of the cytoskeletal motility and gluconeogenesis/glycolysis pathways was most prominent in the P stump of the axotomized nerve. Our bioinformatics analyses also identified the specific immunomodulatory genes of the chemokine, IL, TNF, MHC, immunoglobulin-binding Fc receptor, calcium-binding S100, matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, and ion channel families affected in both the P and D segments. S100a8 and S100a9 were the top up-regulated genes in both the P and D segments. Stimulation of cultured Schwann cells using the purified S100A8/A9 heterodimer recapitulated activation of the myeloid cell and phagocyte chemotactic genes and pathways, which we initially observed in injured nerves. S100A8/A9 heterodimer injection into the intact nerve stimulated macrophage infiltration. We conclude that, following peripheral nerve injury, an immediate acute immune response occurs both distal and proximal to the lesion site and that the rapid transcriptional activation of the S100a8 and S100a9 genes results in S100A8/A9 hetero- and homodimers, which stimulate the release of chemokines and cytokines by activated Schwann cells and generate the initial chemotactic gradient that guides the transmigration of hematogenous immune cells into the injured nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Chernov
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Khang Hoang
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mila Angert
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Geetha Srikrishna
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Thomas Vogl
- the Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and
| | | | - Alex Y Strongin
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92037,
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