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Tanaka T, Joraku A, Ishibashi S, Endo K, Emura M, Kikuchi Y, Shikama A, Kimura N, Shimazui T. Abdominal nonfunctional paraganglioma in which succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) immunostaining was performed: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:106. [PMID: 36945070 PMCID: PMC10031891 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal nonfunctional paraganglioma is rare. Malignant potential of paraganglioma is assessed by Grading of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma score and genetic testing, but genetic testing is not common. We present a case of abdominal nonfunctional paraganglioma whose malignant potential was assessed by grading of adrenal pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma score and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B staining alternative to genetic testing. CASE PRESENTATION A 39-year-old Japanese man had a right retroperitoneal tumor without symptoms. Uptake in the tumor was shown by 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. There were no metastases. The results of biochemical workups including blood hormones and urinary metanephrines were normal. We performed retroperitoneoscopic surgery. The tumor was positive for chromogranin A staining but negative for tyrosine hydroxylase. On the basis of the preoperative biochemical workups and pathology results, we diagnosed the tumor as nonfunctional paraganglioma. The Grading of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma score classified the tumor as moderately differentiated. Furthermore, negative succinate dehydrogenase subunit B staining suggested the patient has the SDHx (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD) mutation. CONCLUSION Abdominal nonfunctional PGLs are associated with SDHB mutation, and SDHB staining should be performed as a screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takazo Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, 6528, Koibuchi, Kasama, Ibaraki, 309-1793, Japan
| | - Akira Joraku
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, 6528, Koibuchi, Kasama, Ibaraki, 309-1793, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, 6528, Koibuchi, Kasama, Ibaraki, 309-1793, Japan
| | - Keisuke Endo
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, 6528, Koibuchi, Kasama, Ibaraki, 309-1793, Japan
| | - Masahiro Emura
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, 6528, Koibuchi, Kasama, Ibaraki, 309-1793, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kikuchi
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akito Shikama
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toru Shimazui
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, 6528, Koibuchi, Kasama, Ibaraki, 309-1793, Japan
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Han AJ, Fleseriu M, Varlamov EV. Symptoms at presentation in conservatively managed patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:305-309. [PMID: 36905572 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypopituitarism and tumor growth are rare in patients with non-functioning pituitary microadenomas (NFPmA). However, patients often present with non-specific symptoms. The aim of this brief report is to examine presenting symptomatology in patients with NFPmA compared to patients with non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPMA). METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 400 patients (347 NFPmA and 53 NFPMA) who were conservatively managed; no patients had indications for urgent surgical intervention. RESULTS Average tumor size was 4.5 ± 1.9 and 15.5 ± 5.5 mm for NFPmA and NFPMA, respectively (p < 0.001). At least one pituitary deficiency was present in 7.5% of patients with NFPmA and 25% of patients with NFPMA. Patients with NFPmA were younger (41.6 ± 15.3 vs. 54.4 ± 22.3 years, p < 0.001) and more commonly female (64.6 vs. 49.1%, p = 0.028). There was no significant difference reported for similarly high rates of fatigue (78.4% and 73.6%), headache (70% and 67.9%), and blurry vision (46.7% and 39.6%). There were no significant differences in comorbidities. CONCLUSION Despite smaller size and lower rate of hypopituitarism, patients with NFPmA presented with a high prevalence of headache, fatigue, and visual symptoms. This was not significantly different from patients with NFPMA who were conservatively managed. We conclude that symptoms of NFPmA cannot fully be attributed to pituitary dysfunction or mass effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Han
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 South Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Maria Fleseriu
- Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 South Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 South Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 South Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elena V Varlamov
- Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 South Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 South Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 South Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Andreasi V, Ricci C, Partelli S, Guarneri G, Ingaldi C, Muffatti F, Crippa S, Casadei R, Falconi M. Predictors of disease recurrence after curative surgery for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NF-PanNENs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:705-718. [PMID: 34773595 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients submitted to curative surgery for non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NF-PanNENs) exhibit a variable risk of disease relapse. Aims of this meta-analysis were to estimate the rate of disease recurrence and to investigate the risk factors for disease relapse in patients submitted to curative surgery for NF-PanNENs. METHODS Medline/Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies. A meta-regression analysis was performed to investigate the source of recurrence rate heterogeneity. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess the effect of each possible prognostic factor on disease-free survival. RESULTS Fifteen studies, involving 2754 patients submitted to curative surgery for NF-PanNENs, were included. The pooled rate of disease recurrence was 21% (95% CI 15-26%). Study quality (Odds ratio, OR 0.94, P = 0.016) and G3-PanNENs rate (OR 2.18, P = 0.040) independently predicted the recurrence rate variability. Nodal metastases (HR 1.63, P < 0.001), tumor grade G2-G3 (G1 versus G2: HR 1.72, P < 0.001, G1 versus G3 HR 2.57, P < 0.001), microvascular (HR 1.25, P = 0.046) and perineural (HR 1.29, P = 0.019) invasion were identified as significant prognostic factors. T stage (T1-T2 versus T3-T4, P = 0.253) and status of resection margins (R0 versus R1, P = 0.173) did not show any significant relationship with NF-PanNENs recurrence. CONCLUSION Disease relapse occurs in approximately one out of five patients submitted to curative surgery for NF-PanNENs. Nodal involvement, tumor grade, microvascular and perineural invasion are relevant prognostic factors, that should be taken into account for follow-up and for possible trials investigating adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Andreasi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - C Ricci
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Guarneri
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Ingaldi
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Muffatti
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Crippa
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - R Casadei
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Background Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are a unique type of pituitary adenomas that secrete two or more pituitary hormones normally associated with separate cell types that have different immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features. Although they represent 10–15% of all pituitary tumors, only a small fraction of plurihormonal pituitary adenomas clinically secrete multiple hormones. The most common hormone combinations secreted by plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are growth hormone, prolactin, and one or more glycoprotein hormones. The most common hormonal symptom is acromegaly (50%). The aim of this case report is to bring awareness about this rare type of pituitary adenomas and to describe the unique presentation of our patient, even though plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are known mostly as a clinically silent tumors. Case presentation Herein, we describe an unusual case of plurihormonal pituitary adenoma with triple-positive staining for adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin. The patient is a 65-year-old Egyptian woman who presented with mass effect symptoms of the pituitary tumor, which primarily manifested as severe headache and visual field defects. She also presented with some cushingoid features, and further analysis confirmed Cushing’s disease; slightly high prolactin and normal growth hormone levels were observed. She underwent transsphenoidal surgery and has been in remission thus far. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature, but none has exhibited silent acromegaly or mass effect symptoms as the initial presentation. Conclusion This case highlights an unusual plurihormonal pituitary adenoma case with a rare combination of secreted hormones; mass effect symptoms were dominant, as were uncommon visual field defects. Our case further proves that immunohistochemical analyses of all pituitary hormones are needed to ensure correct diagnosis and to alert clinicians to the need for more rigorous follow-up due to the higher morbidity of these patients. Our case report approval number Federal Wide Assurance NIH, USA is FWA00018774 IRB registration number with OHRP/NIH is IRB00010471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Allehaibi
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mussa H AlMalki
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad Brema
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang L, Chen W, Ding C, Hu Y, Tian Y, Luo H, Chen J. Gamma Knife radiosurgery as the initial treatment for elderly patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:257-64. [PMID: 33638114 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of initial Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for elderly patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 45 elderly patients underwent GKRS as the initial treatment for NFPAs at our institution between December 2007 and December 2017. Patients' radiographic and clinical data were collected. RESULTS The median age of patients at the time of GKRS was 71 years (range 65-82 years). The median tumor volume was 2.6 cm3 (range 0.3-21.8 cm3). The median marginal dose was 13 Gy (range 6-23 Gy). The median maximum dose to the optic apparatus was 6.5 Gy (range 2.3-10.3 Gy). Thirty-five patients (77.8%) achieved tumor regression, 6 patients (13.3%) had tumor stable and 4 patients (8.9%) occurred tumor progression during a median radiological follow-up time of 51.4 months (range 11.1-158.7 months). The crude tumor control rate was 91.1%. The actuarial tumor control rates were 100%, 95.0%, 87.6%, and 87.6%, at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after initial GKRS, respectively. New-onset hypopituitarism occurred in 6 patients. Two patients with pre-GKRS visual dysfunction developed further deterioration of visual function. No other radiation-induced complications were noted. CONCLUSION Initial GKRS can provide a high tumor control rate as well as low risk of postradiosurgical complications for elderly patients with NFPAs. Attention should be paid to avoid radiation-related adverse effects including hypopituitarism, optic neuropathy and cranial neuropathy in elderly patients.
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Pérez-López C, Palpán AJ, Saez-Alegre M, Zamarrón Á, Alfonso C, Álvarez-Escola C, Isla A. Volumetric Study of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: Predictors of Gross Total Resection. World Neurosurg 2020; 147:e206-e214. [PMID: 33309892 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the efforts made to determine the achieved resection grade after pituitary adenoma surgery, there is a high level of disagreement among all the available classifications and measurement methods used. Our objective is to identify the factors that preoperatively could predict a gross total resection (GTR) of a clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma through an endoscopic endonasal approach. METHODS Across 100 surgeries, we analyzed epidemiologic and clinical data, radiologic relevant data, extent of resection (EOR), and postoperative outcomes. The EOR was measured objectively through an accurate volumetric analysis. RESULTS The median presurgical volume was 8.58 cm3 (range, 0.5-58 cm3), the median maximum diameter was 27.3 mm (range, 7-67 mm), and the Knosp grade was 0 in 1 patient, 1 in 23%, 2 in 31%, 3 in 23% and 4 in 22% of patients. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found 3 factors that significantly predicted the chances of a successful GTR: previous sellar surgery, Knosp grade, and tumor signal in the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. Another 10 radiologic variables were analyzed and had no effect on the EOR. CONCLUSIONS Knosp grade (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 25.65; 95% confidence interval, 7.19-91.52) is the most predictive factor for performing a GTR of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Previous pituitary surgery (P = 0.023; OR, 5.81) and an isointense T2-weighted signal (P = 0.034; OR, 3.75) also negatively influenced the chances of GTR. We highlight the influence of T2-weighted signal in the chances of GTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-López
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alexis J Palpán
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Saez-Alegre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Zamarrón
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Alfonso
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Isla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Yu J, Li Y, Quan T, Li X, Peng C, Zeng J, Liang S, Huang M, He Y, Deng Y. Initial Gamma Knife radiosurgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: results from a 26-year experience. Endocrine 2020; 68:399-410. [PMID: 32162186 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of initial Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). DESIGN AND METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study. Eighty-one patients with NFPAs undergoing initial GKRS were enrolled. The median age was 44.9 years (range, 7.2-75.5 years). The median tumor volume was 2.3 cm3 (range, 0.1-31.3 cm3), and the median tumor margin dose was 13.0 Gy (range, 8-22 Gy). RESULTS Tumor shrunk in 63 patients (77.8%), remained stable in 9 (11.1%), treatment failure in 9 (11.1%) during a median follow-up of 67.1 months (range, 11.5-263.9 months). The tumor control rates were 100%, 99%, 95%, and 84%, at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumor volume (≥4 cm3) and margin dose (<12 Gy) were associated with treatment failure (hazard ratio (HR) = 7.093, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.098-45.083, p = 0.040, and HR = 9.643, 95% CI = 1.108-83.927, p = 0.040, respectively). New apoplexy occurred in seven patients (8.6%) after GKRS with a median time of 39.9 months (range, 11.9-166.8 months). In multivariate analysis, tumor volume (≥10 cm3) was a significant risk factor (HR = 10.642, 95% CI = 2.121-53.398, p = 0.004). New hypopituitarism occurred in 14 patients (17.3%). No factors were associated with new hypopituitarism. Four patients (4.9%) developed new or worsening visual dysfunction. No new cranial neuropathy was noted. CONCLUSIONS In this study, initial GKRS can provide a high tumor control rate, as well as a low incidence rate of complications in NFPAs. GKRS may be an alternative initial treatment for selected NFPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Quan
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunyao Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinhui Deng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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Cui Y, Khanna LG, Saqi A, Crapanzano JP, Mitchell JM, Sethi A, Gonda TA, Kluger MD, Schrope BA, Allendorf J, Chabot JA, Poneros JM. The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Ki67 in the Management of Non-Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Clin Endosc 2019; 53:213-220. [PMID: 31302988 PMCID: PMC7137561 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2019.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The management of small, incidentally discovered nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) has been a matter of debate. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a tool used to identify and risk-stratify PNETs. This study investigates the concordance rate of Ki67 grading between EUS-FNA and surgical pathology specimens in NFPNETs and whether certain NF-PNET characteristics are associated with disease recurrence and disease-related death. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical history, imaging, endoscopic findings, and pathology records of 37 cases of NFPNETs that underwent pre-operative EUS-FNA and surgical resection at a single academic medical center. RESULTS There was 73% concordance between Ki67 obtained from EUS-FNA cytology and surgical pathology specimens; concordance was the highest for low- and high-grade NF-PNETs. High-grade Ki67 NF-PNETs based on cytology (p=0.028) and histology (p=0.028) were associated with disease recurrence and disease-related death. Additionally, tumors with high-grade mitotic rate (p=0.005), tumor size >22.5 mm (p=0.104), and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.103) were more likely to have poor prognosis. CONCLUSION NF-PNETs with high-grade Ki67 on EUS-FNA have poor prognosis despite surgical resection. NF-PNETs with intermediate-grade Ki67 on EUS-FNA should be strongly considered for surgical resection. NF-PNETs with low-grade Ki67 on EUSFNA can be monitored without surgical intervention, up to tumor size 20 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongYan Cui
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren G Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Crapanzano
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James M Mitchell
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amrita Sethi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamas A Gonda
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Kluger
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beth A Schrope
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Allendorf
- Department of Surgery, New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - John A Chabot
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Poneros
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Chatzoulis G, Passos I, Bakaloudi DR, Giannakidis D, Koumpoulas A, Ioannidis K, Tsifountoudis I, Pappas D, Spyridopoulos P. Giant nonfunctioning adrenal tumors: two case reports and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:335. [PMID: 30413177 PMCID: PMC6234785 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are an estimated 1–2 cases per million per year of adrenocortical carcinoma in the USA. It represents a rare and aggressive malignancy; it is the second most aggressive endocrine malignant disease after anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Non-secretory adrenal masses are diagnosed late due to a mass effect or metastatic disease or found incidentally (adrenal incidentalomas). Case presentation The first case report describes a 39-year-old Greek woman who presented to our department with complaints of repeated symptoms of flatulence and epigastric discomfort over a few months. The second case report is about a 67-year-old Greek woman who presented to our department after being evaluated for fatigue, mass effect, and epigastric discomfort. Both of them were diagnosed as having a nonfunctioning adrenocortical carcinoma and underwent open adrenalectomy. Conclusions Approximately 60% of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma present with symptoms and signs of hormonal secretion. Our cases’ adrenocortical carcinomas were not functional. Hormone secretion is not a discriminating feature between benign and malignant adrenocortical masses. The silent clinical nature of nonfunctioning adrenocortical carcinoma results in late diagnosis, while the majority of patients present with locally advanced and/or metastatic disease. Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine tumor with a poor prognosis that can be diagnostically challenging and demands high clinical suspicion. The work-up for adrenal masses must include determination of whether the mass is functioning or nonfunctioning and whether it is benign or malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Chatzoulis
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Passos
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra-Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giannakidis
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Koumpoulas
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsifountoudis
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pappas
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Spyridopoulos
- Department of Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Agiou Nikolaou 42, 55132, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Capdevila J, Teulé A, Barriuso J, Castellano D, Lopez C, Manzano JL, Alonso V, García-Carbonero R, Dotor E, Matos I, Custodio A, Casanovas O, Salazar R. Phase II Study of Everolimus and Octreotide LAR in Patients with Nonfunctioning Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: The GETNE1003_EVERLAR Study. Oncologist 2018; 24:38-46. [PMID: 29794066 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antitumor activity of the combination of somatostatin analogues (SSAs) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has been reported but not confirmed in prospective trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase II EVERLAR study evaluated everolimus 10 mg/day and the SSA octreotide 30 mg every 28 days in patients with advanced nonfunctioning well-differentiated gastrointestinal NETs (GI-NETs) that progressed in the last 12 months (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01567488). Prior treatment with SSAs and any systemic or locoregional therapy was allowed except for mTOR inhibitors. Patients continued treatment until disease progression or unacceptable adverse events (AEs). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 months; secondary endpoints included early biochemical response, objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.0, overall survival (OS), AEs, activation of mTOR pathway (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [IGF1R] and phosphoS6 [pS6] expression). RESULTS Forty-three patients were included in the intent-to-treat analyses. After 12 months of treatment, 62.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48%-77%) of patients had not progressed or died. The 24-month PFS rate was 43.6% (95% CI 29%-58%). The confirmed ORR was 2.3%, and stable disease was 58.1%. Median OS was not reached after 24 months of median follow-up. Dose reductions and temporary interruptions due to AEs were required in 14 (33%) and 33 (77%) patients, respectively. The most frequent AEs were diarrhea, asthenia, mucositis, rash, and hyperglycemia. No correlation was observed between IGFR1 and pS6 expression and PFS/OS. CONCLUSION The everolimus-octreotide combination provided clinically relevant efficacy in nonfunctioning GI-NETs, similar to the results of RADIANT-2 in functioning setting. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The EVERLAR study reports prospective data of somatostatin analogue in combination with everolimus in nonfunctioning gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors suggesting meaningful activity and favorable toxicity profile that supports drug combination in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Capdevila
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Teulé
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Lopez
- Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Emma Dotor
- Consorci Sanitari Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Ignacio Matos
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Casanovas
- ProCURE Research Program (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- ProCURE Research Program (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Abstract
Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) range from those causing significant hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction and visual field compromise due to their large size to those being completely asymptomatic. In the absence of hypersecretion, hypopituitarism or visual field defects, patients with NFAs may be followed by periodic surveillance using MRI to detect tumor enlargement. In some cases, endocrine tests are also needed during observation to discover new pituitary dysfunction. Enlargement of NFAs without treatment occurs in about 10% of microadenomas and 23% of macroadenomas. Growth of a pituitary incidentaloma, the development of visual field defects or the development of hypopituitarism are potential indications for surgery during follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 530, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mark E Molitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 530, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE Silent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs) present clinically as non-functioning adenomas (NFAs) but are immunopositive for adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) without biochemical and clinical manifestation of hypercortisolism. Pathologic examination of resected NFAs that demonstrate positive ACTH and/or TPIT expression confirms its corticotroph lineage. SCAs comprise up to 20% of NFAs and exhibit a higher rate of recurrence. Studies of molecular mechanisms have generated multiple hypotheses on SCA tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and growth that as yet remain to be proven. An improved understanding of their pathologic and clinical characteristics is needed. METHODS A literature review was performed using PubMed to identify research reports and clinical case series on SCAs. RESULTS Up to date findings regarding epidemiology, mechanisms of pathogenesis, differentiation, progression, and growth, as well as clinical presentation, postoperative course, and treatment options for patients with SCAs are presented. Pooled results demonstrate that 25-40% of cases show cavernous sinus invasion, preoperative hypopituitarism, new-onset hypopituitarism, and recurrence. CONCLUSION This article reviews the incidence, molecular pathology, and clinical behavior of these unique non-functioning pituitary corticotroph adenomas, and highlights the need for rigorous monitoring for recurrences and hypopituitarism in patients with SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Ben-Shlomo
- Pituitary Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Odelia Cooper
- Pituitary Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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13
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Langlois F, Lim DST, Yedinak CG, Cetas I, McCartney S, Cetas J, Dogan A, Fleseriu M. Predictors of silent corticotroph adenoma recurrence; a large retrospective single center study and systematic literature review. Pituitary 2018; 21:32-40. [PMID: 29032459 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-017-0844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Silent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs) are clinically silent and non-secreting, but exhibit positive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) immunostaining. We characterized a single center cohort of SCA patients, compared the SCAs to silent gonadotroph adenomas (SGAs), identified predictors of recurrence, and reviewed and compared the cohort to previously published SCAs cases. METHODS Retrospective review of SCA and SGA surgically resected patients over 10 years and 6 years, respectively. Definitions; SCA-no clinical or biochemical evidence of Cushing's syndrome and ACTH positive immunostaining, and SGA-steroidogenic factor (SF-1) positive immunostaining. A systematic literature search was undertaken using Pubmed and Scopus. RESULTS Review revealed 814 pituitary surgeries, 39 (4.8%) were SCAs. Mean follow-up was 6.4 years (range 0.5-23.8 years). Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated sphenoid and/or cavernous sinus invasion in 44%, 33% were > 50% cystic, and 28% had high ACTH levels pre-operatively. Compared to SGAs (n = 70), SCAs were of similar size and invasiveness (2.5 vs. 2.9 cm, p = 0.2; 44 vs. 41%, p = 0.8, respectively), but recurrence rate was higher (36 vs. 10%, p = 0.001) and more patients received radiation therapy (18 vs. 3%, p = 0.006). Less cystic tumors (0 vs. 50%, p < 0.001) and higher pre-operative ACTH levels (54 vs. 28 pg/ml, p = 0.04) were predictors of recurrence for SCAs. CONCLUSION This review is unique; a strict definition of SCA was used, and single center SCAs were compared with SGAs and with SCAs literature reviewed cases. We show that SCAs are aggressive and identify predictors of recurrence. Accurate initial diagnosis, close imaging and biochemical follow up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Langlois
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dawn Shao Ting Lim
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chris G Yedinak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Isabelle Cetas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shirley McCartney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Justin Cetas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aclan Dogan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maria Fleseriu
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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14
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Lee MH, Lee JH, Seol HJ, Lee JI, Kim JH, Kong DS, Nam DH. Clinical Concerns about Recurrence of Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2016; 4:1-7. [PMID: 27195254 PMCID: PMC4868810 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are clinically challenging because they present at a late stage with local mass effects or hypopituitarism. Surgery for non-functioning pituitary adenoma requires a special strategic approach for both minimal morbidity and radical resection. However, the clinical predictive factors associated with recurrence are limited. Here, we investigated optimal treatment of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Methods We enrolled 289 patients who presented with non-functioning pituitary adenoma between January 2000 and January 2012 and who had received follow-up for at least one year for this retrospective study. Of these patients, 152 were male and 137 were female, with a median age of 51 years (range 15.79 years) and a median follow-up of four years (range 1.12.6 years). Characteristics of patients and tumors were reviewed with electronic medical records and radiologic images, retrospectively. Results Of the tumors, 193 were gross-totally resected, 53 were near-totally resected, and 43 were sub-totally resected. The extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy were both statistically significant prognostic factors of recurrence. Immunohistochemistry of tumor specimens did not yield consistent results. Conclusion With a high rate of recurrence, NFPA should be closely followed-up over a long-term period. Improvement of surgical techniques with advanced surgical equipment and adjuvant radiosurgery would lead to reduce the recurrence rate and improve patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Konyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Bauman CA, Milligan JD, Labreche T, Riva JJ. Nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma: a case report from the patient perspective. Chiropr Man Therap 2016; 24:12. [PMID: 27069570 PMCID: PMC4827193 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-016-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFPA) is a tumour of the endocrine system that is virtually always benign and can be difficult to detect. This case report is presented from the patient's perspective to highlight experiences that led to the eventual diagnosis of this condition. CASE PRESENTATION A 48 year-old male experienced prolonged and unexplained reduced athletic performance worsening over five years. The patient reported decreased libido, which initiated a testosterone blood test. This confirmed reduced testosterone levels and resulted in an endocrinology referral. A subsequent dynamic contrast MRI of the pituitary region revealed a mass. The most frequent symptoms of NFPA are visual field defects, headaches and features of hypopituitarism (includes fatigue, dizziness, dry skin, irregular periods in women and sexual dysfunction in men). CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider this differential diagnosis in middle-aged athletes with diminished athletic performance from an unknown cause, test visual fields and inquire if symptoms of headaches or hypopituitarism are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Bauman
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ; The Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team, 25 Joseph Street, Kitchener, ON Canada N2G 4X6
| | - James D Milligan
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ; The Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team, 25 Joseph Street, Kitchener, ON Canada N2G 4X6
| | - Tammy Labreche
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - John J Riva
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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16
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Zhang IY, Zhao J, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Braun Y, Razmdjou S, Warshaw AL, Lillemoe KD, Ferrone CR. Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:277-83. [PMID: 26691146 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-3043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), but pancreatic operations carry a significant morbidity. We investigated whether the resection of small, asymptomatic nonfunctioning PNETs is beneficial. Clinicopathologic factors were retrospectively reviewed for all PNET cases from 1998 to 2014. METHODS Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariable regression analyses were performed. A total of 249 patients had nonfunctioning PNETs with adequate follow-up, of whom 193 were resected and 56 were observed. Median age was 56 years, and 48 % of the patients were female. RESULTS Overall, the resected patients had a significantly longer survival (OS) (p = 0.001). However, for the patients with PNETs ≤2.5 cm in size and without metastasis at presentation, tumor size significantly modified the effect of resection on overall survival (p < 0.05). The protective effect of resection increased as tumor size increased. An operation became a significant predictor of overall survival for tumors >1.5 cm (p = 0.050 or less for larger tumors) but was not significant for tumors <1.5 cm (p = 0.317 or more for smaller tumors), controlling for age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index. CONCLUSION Resection of nonfunctioning PNETs over 1.5 cm is independently and significantly associated with a longer survival. However, the benefit of resection for tumors under 1.5 cm is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang 460, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang 460, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Braun
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang 460, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadi Razmdjou
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang 460, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Warshaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang 460, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang 460, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang 460, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Hasegawa T, Shintai K, Kato T, Iizuka H. Stereotactic Radiosurgery as the Initial Treatment for Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. World Neurosurg 2015; 83:1173-9. [PMID: 25700971 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery as the initial treatment for patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) and to decide the optimum dose to achieve long-term tumor control as well as preservation of pituitary endocrine function. METHODS The study was a single-center retrospective analysis of 16 patients with primary NFPAs that were treated with gamma knife surgery (GKS). Fifteen of 16 NFPAs were growing to the suprasellar region and slightly compressing or very close to the optic apparatus. Initial GKS was selected to avoid visual disturbance caused by further tumor growth that would require surgical resection under general anesthesia. The median tumor volume was 2.0 cm(3), and the median tumor margin dose was 15 Gy. RESULTS The median clinical follow-up period was 98 months. The last follow-up images demonstrated tumor regression in 15 patients and stable tumor in 1. No patient developed tumor progression. One patient who had pituitary apoplexy before treatment required hormone replacements 2 years after GKS. The other patients did not experience pituitary insufficiency requiring hormone-replacement therapy during the clinical follow-up period. No patient developed cranial nerve injury or radiation-induced neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS GKS is a safe and effective treatment option in patients with primary NFPAs, especially for patients with advanced age or comorbidity. Attention should be paid to late adverse radiation effects such as hypopituitarism, optic neuropathy, and radiation-induced neoplasms. However, stereotactic radiosurgery with a conformal treatment plan sparing the normal pituitary gland will contribute to avoidance of such complications as well as achievement of long-term tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Shintai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan
| | - Takenori Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iizuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan
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18
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Furukori M, Imai K, Karasaki H, Watanabe K, Oikawa K, Miyokawa N, Taniguchi M, Furukawa H. Clinicopathological features of small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17949-17954. [PMID: 25548493 PMCID: PMC4273145 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To present our experiences in studying the clinicopathological features of small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNETs).
METHODS: The subjects included 9 patients with NF-pNETs who underwent pancreatectomy between April 1996 and September 2012. The surgical procedure, histopathological findings, and prognosis were assessed.
RESULTS: All tumors were incidentally detected by computed tomography. The median diameter was 10 mm (5-32 mm). One patient was diagnosed with von Hippel-Lindau disease, and the others were sporadic cases. For the histopathological findings, 7 patients were G1; 1 patient was G2; and 1 patient, whose tumor was 22 mm, had neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). One patient who had a tumor that was 32 mm had direct invasion to a regional lymph node and 1 patient with NEC, had regional lymph node metastases. Six of the 7 patients with sporadic NF-pNETs, excluding the patient with NEC, had tumors that were smaller than 10 mm. Tumors smaller than 10 mm showed no malignancy and lacked lymph node metastasis.
CONCLUSION: Sporadic NF-pNETs smaller than 10 mm tend to have less malignant potential. These findings suggest that lymphadenectomy may be omitted for small NF-pNETs after further investigation.
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