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De Luca C, Buratti A, Krauke Y, Stephan S, Monks K, Brighenti V, Pellati F, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Felletti S. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5385-5395. [PMID: 35146546 PMCID: PMC9242945 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work reports about a screening of four adsorbents with different polarity employed for the separation of the main phytocannabinoids contained in Cannabis sativa L., under normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC). The effect of polarity and type of interaction mechanisms of the adsorbents (namely Si-, CN-, Diol-, and NH2-based SPs) on retention has been investigated under a variety of conditions either by using different combinations of apolar solvents (heptane or hexane) and alcohols (ethanol or isopropanol). The columns have also been employed for the separation of a real cannabis sample. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svea Stephan
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Tsui HW, Zhang HL, Hsieh CH. Effect of 2-propanol content on solute retention mechanisms determined using amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under normal- and reversed-phase conditions. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1650:462226. [PMID: 34087518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrostatic interactions between chiral solutes and polysaccharide (PS)-based chiral selectors are the key to achieving chiral recognition; however, PS-based sorbents, derivatized of phenyl moieties, can exhibit considerably non-polar characteristics, and they are also useful for the separation of enantiomers in the reversed-phase mode. In this study, an immobilized amylose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate-based sorbent was used to investigate the balance between electrostatic interactions and solvophobic interactions, with complementary effects on solute retention behavior when the isopropanol (IPA) concentration was altered. It was proposed that in both normal- and reversed-phase modes, information on the retention mechanisms could be obtained by observing the curvature of the logarithm of the retention factor versus the logarithm of the IPA concentration, and the slope values of the curves were related to the number of displaced IPA molecules upon solute adsorption. Using the proposed model and the two-site adsorption model, the retention behaviors of pantolactone (PL) enantiomers in both normal- and reversed-phase modes were investigated. The PL-sorbent interactions were classified into four types: electrostatic/enantioselective, electrostatic/nonselective, solvophobic/enantioselective, and solvophobic/nonselective. At IPA concentrations below 50 vol.% in n-hexane, the retention behaviors of PL were dominated by electrostatic/enantioselective sites, whereas at IPA concentrations beyond 50 vol.%, the solvophobic interactions of PL-sorbent were strengthened and mostly nonselective. By contrast, in the reversed-phase mode, a reverse in the enantiomeric elution order of PL was observed at 10 vol.% IPA, and considerably different enantioselectivity behaviors were found below and above 20 vol.%, indicating an abrupt change in the sorbent molecular environment. At IPA concentrations beyond 40 vol.%, the presence of PL-sorbent electrostatic interactions enhanced chiral recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Tsui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608 Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608 Taiwan
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Kuschner CE, Choi J, Yin T, Shinozaki K, Becker LB, Lampe JW, Kim J. Comparing phospholipid profiles of mitochondria and whole tissue: Higher PUFA content in mitochondria is driven by increased phosphatidylcholine unsaturation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1093-1094:147-157. [PMID: 30029201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids content in cellular and mitochondrial membranes is essential for maintaining normal function. Previous studies have found a lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in mitochondria than whole tissue, theorizing decreased PUFA protects against oxidative injury. However, phospholipids (PPLs) are uniquely difficult to quantify without class separation and, as prior approaches have predominately used reverse-phase HPLC or shotgun analysis, quantitation of PPL classes may have been complicated due to the existence of numerous isobaric and isomeric species. We apply normal-phase HPLC with class separation to compare whole tissue and mitochondrial PPL profiles in rat brain, heart, kidney, and liver. In addition, we establish a novel method to ascertain PPL origin, using cardiolipin as a comparator to establish relative cardiolipin /PPL ratios. We report a higher PUFA content in tissue mitochondria driven by increased phosphatidylcholine unsaturation, suggesting mitochondria purposefully incorporate higher PUFA PPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus E Kuschner
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Tai Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Koichiro Shinozaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Lance B Becker
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Joshua W Lampe
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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