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De Luca C, Buratti A, Krauke Y, Stephan S, Monks K, Brighenti V, Pellati F, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Felletti S. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5385-5395. [PMID: 35146546 PMCID: PMC9242945 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work reports about a screening of four adsorbents with different polarity employed for the separation of the main phytocannabinoids contained in Cannabis sativa L., under normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC). The effect of polarity and type of interaction mechanisms of the adsorbents (namely Si-, CN-, Diol-, and NH2-based SPs) on retention has been investigated under a variety of conditions either by using different combinations of apolar solvents (heptane or hexane) and alcohols (ethanol or isopropanol). The columns have also been employed for the separation of a real cannabis sample. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svea Stephan
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Cotugno P, Massari F, Aresta A, Zambonin C, Ragni R, Monks K, Avagyan L, Böttcher J. Advanced Gel Permeation Chromatography system with increased loading capacity: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detection in olive oil as a case of study. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461920. [PMID: 33530008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is herein used as size exclusion clean-up technique for highly sensitive and straightforward detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in olive oil samples. An advanced chromatographic system has been developed to isolate a series of PAHs with cancerogenic potential, including PAH4 (benzo(a)pyrene BaP, benzo(a)anthracene BaA, benzo(b)fluoranthene BbF and chrysene Chry) reported in the European Regulation. The system avails of two glass chromatographic columns and a switching valve, that allow removal of interfering analytes in olive oil without resorting to any preliminary extraction process. A seven-fold increase of the loaded sample amount versus conventional chromatographic systems (1 g vs 0.150 g) has been pursued, as well as improved PAHs detection and quantification limits (LOD-LOQ for PAH4: 0.21-0.70 ng/g for BaA, 0.26-0.86 ng/g for Chry, 0.23-0.76 ng/g for BbF, 0.32-1.06 ng/g for BaP), in accordance with the continuous need of more and more reducing these limits in food analysis by the European Regulation. The protocol developed represents a highly innovative and efficient analytical method for organic pollutants in complex biological matrices as olive oil, that can have huge impact on technology for PAHs detection in food samples, being suitable for both industrial and small-scale laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Federica Massari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Aresta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Zambonin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Ragni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilit Avagyan
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Böttcher
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Sonnendecker C, Thürmann S, Przybylski C, Zitzmann FD, Heinke N, Krauke Y, Monks K, Robitzki AA, Belder D, Zimmermann W. Large‐Ring Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors for Enantiomeric Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonnendecker
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess TechnologyInstitute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Johannisallee 23 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sebastian Thürmann
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH Hegauer Weg 38 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire IPCM 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Franziska D. Zitzmann
- Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineMolecular biological-biochemical Processing TechnologyLeipzig University Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Nicole Heinke
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstr. 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH Hegauer Weg 38 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH Hegauer Weg 38 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Andrea A. Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineMolecular biological-biochemical Processing TechnologyLeipzig University Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstr. 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess TechnologyInstitute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Johannisallee 23 04103 Leipzig Germany
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Sonnendecker C, Thürmann S, Przybylski C, Zitzmann FD, Heinke N, Krauke Y, Monks K, Robitzki AA, Belder D, Zimmermann W. Large-Ring Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors for Enantiomeric Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6411-6414. [PMID: 30882968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Large-ring cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic glucans composed of 9 or more α-1,4-linked glucose units. They are minor side products of bacterial glucanotransferases (CGTases, EC 2.4.1.19) and have previously been available only in very small amounts for studies of their properties in supramolecular complex formation reactions. We engineered a CGTase to synthesize mainly large-ring CD facilitating their preparation in larger amounts. By reversed phase chromatography, we obtained single CD samples composed of 10 to 12 glucose units (CD10, CD11, and CD12) with a purity of >90 %. Their identity was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry and fragmentation analysis. We demonstrated the non-toxicity of CD10-CD12 for human cell lines by a cell proliferation assay and impedimetric monitoring. We then showed that CD10 and CD11 are efficient chiral selectors for the capillary electrophoretic separation of the enantiomeric pharmaceuticals fluvastatin, mefloquine, carvedilol, and primaquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonnendecker
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thürmann
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Franziska D Zitzmann
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Heinke
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Vukmanovic Z, Holness MB, Monks K, Andersen JCØ. The Skaergaard trough layering: sedimentation in a convecting magma chamber. Contrib Mineral Petrol 2018; 173:43. [PMID: 31258174 PMCID: PMC6560677 DOI: 10.1007/s00410-018-1466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The upper parts of the floor cumulates of the Skaergaard Intrusion, East Greenland, contain abundant features known as troughs. The troughs are gently plunging synformal structures comprising stacks of crescentic modally graded layers with a sharply defined mafic base that grades upward into plagioclase-rich material. The origin of the troughs and layering is contentious, attributed variously to deposition of mineral grains by magmatic currents descending from the nearby walls, or to in situ development by localised recrystallisation during gravitationally-driven compaction. They are characterised by outcrop-scale features such as mineral lineations parallel to the trough axis, evidence of erosion and layer truncation associated with migration of the trough axis, and disruption of layering by syn-magmatic slumping. A detailed microstructural study of the modal trough layers, using electron backscatter diffraction together with geochemical mapping, demonstrates that these rocks do not record evidence for deformation by either dislocation creep or dissolution-reprecipitation. Instead, the troughs are characterised by the alignment of euhedral plagioclase crystals with unmodified primary igneous compositional zoning. We argue that the lineations and foliations are, therefore, a consequence of grain alignment during magmatic flow. Post-accumulation amplification of the modal layering occurred as a result of differential migration of an unmixed immiscible interstitial liquid, with upwards migration of the Si-rich conjugate into the plagioclase-rich upper part of the layers, whereas the Fe-rich immiscible conjugate remained in the mafic base. Both field and microstructure evidence support the origin of the troughs as the sites of repeated deposition from crystal-rich currents descending from the nearby chamber walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Vukmanovic
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - M. B. Holness
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - K. Monks
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - J. C. Ø. Andersen
- Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
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Monks K, Molnár I, Rieger HJ, Bogáti B, Szabó E. Quality by Design: Multidimensional exploration of the design space in high performance liquid chromatography method development for better robustness before validation. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:218-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Robertson DR, Wood ND, Everest H, Monks K, Waller DG, Renwick AG, George CF. The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of levodopa administered alone and in the presence of carbidopa. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 28:61-9. [PMID: 2775615 PMCID: PMC1379971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of levodopa administered alone and in the presence of carbidopa was investigated in young and elderly healthy volunteers. 2. The plasma clearance of levodopa following intravenous administration of 50 mg was 14.2 +/- 2.8 (s.d.) ml min-1 kg-1 in the elderly compared with 23.4 +/- 4.1 ml min-1 kg-1 in the young (P less than 0.01) which resulted in a 49% greater area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) in the older subjects (P less than 0.01). The volume of distribution (Vss) was lower in the elderly (1.01 +/- 0.29 l kg-1) than in the young (1.65 +/- 0.39 l kg-1) (P less than 0.002). 3. Following oral administration of 250 mg of levodopa the AUC was 2512 +/- 588 ng ml-1h in the elderly compared with 1056 +/- 282 ng ml-1h in the young (P less than 0.002). Cmax was also significantly greater in the elderly (P less than 0.05). The bioavailability of levodopa was significantly greater in the elderly (0.63 +/- 0.12 compared with 0.41 +/- 0.16, P less than 0.01). 4. In the presence of carbidopa, the plasma clearance of intravenous levodopa (50 mg) was reduced in both age groups but remained lower in the elderly (5.8 +/- 0.9 ml min-1 kg-1 compared with 9.3 +/- 1.0 ml min-1 kg-1; P less than 0.01). This resulted in a 54% greater AUC in the older subjects (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Robertson
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital
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