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Montero-Marco J, Charlo-Bernardos M, Subirón-Valera AB, Erickson H, Herrero-Cortina B, Altarribas-Bolsa E. The role of nursing care continuity report in predicting length of hospital stay in older people: A retrospective cohort study. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:1830-1838. [PMID: 38178555 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nursing Care Continuity Report (NCCR) is a tool for evaluating the quality of nursing care during hospital admission. AIM To explore the role of the NCCR in predicting longer length of stay (LOS) in older adults (≥65 years) admitted to a tertiary hospital and determine possible clinical differences at discharge between patients who had a short LOS (≤7 days) and a prolonged LOS (>7 days). RESEARCH DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all patients with a completed NCCR admitted to the hospital between 2015 and 2019. Sociodemographic data, risk of pressure injuries, level of dependence, presence and intensity of pain, and presence and type of pressure injury were the variables registered in the NCCR. RESULTS A total of 41,354 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 78 years, of whom 47% were female. At admission, 21% of patients were at potential risk of developing pressure ulcers. Age, admission to the internal or respiratory medicine unit, and having at least medium risk of developing pressure ulcers were the predictors of prolonged LOS using a random sample of 950 patients. At discharge, patients with prolonged LOS presented higher risk of pressure ulcers and a higher level of dependency and were more likely to present hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. CONCLUSIONS Older adults from the internal or respiratory medicine unit who exhibited higher risk of pressure ulcers were related to a prolonged LOS, a higher level of dependency, and hospital-acquired ulcers at hospital discharge. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Identifying clinical data that have a greater relationship with LOS could be a useful tool for nursing management and for the implementation of strategies to prevent adverse events during hospitalisation. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No direct patient contact was made during the data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Montero-Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Charlo-Bernardos
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Subirón-Valera
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Herrero-Cortina
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Altarribas-Bolsa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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Shimoni Z, Dusseldorp N, Cohen Y, Barnisan I, Froom P. The Norton scale is an important predictor of in-hospital mortality in internal medicine patients. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:1947-1952. [PMID: 36520351 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Norton scale, a marker of patient frailty used to predict the risk of pressure ulcers, but the predictive value of the Norton scale for in-hospital mortality after adjustment for a wide range of demographic, and abnormal admission laboratory test results shown in themselves to have a high predictive value for in-hospital mortality is unclear. AIM The study aims to determine the value of the Norton scale and the presence of a urinary catheter in predicting in hospital mortality. METHODS The study population included all acutely admitted adult patients in 2020 through October 2021 to one of three internal medicine departments at the Laniado Hospital, a regional hospital with 400 beds in Israel. The main objective was to (a) identify the variables associated with the Norton Scale and (b) determine whether it predicts in-hospital mortality after adjustment for these variables. RESULTS The Norton scale was associated with an older age, female gender, presence of a urinary catheter, and abnormal laboratory tests. The odds of in-hospital mortality in those with intermediate, high, and very high Norton scale risk groups were 3.10 (2.23-3.56), 6.48 (4.02-10.46), and 12.27 (7.37-20.44), respectively, after adjustment for the remaining predictors. Adding the Norton scale and the presence of a urinary catheter to the prediction logistic regression model that included age, gender, and abnormal laboratory test results increased the c-statistic from 0.870 (0.864-0.876) to 0.908 (0.902-0.913). CONCLUSIONS The Norton scale and presence of a urinary catheter are important predictors of in-hospital mortality in acutely hospitalized adults in internal medicine departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Shimoni
- The Adelson School Of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Sanz Medical Center, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, 4244916, Israel
| | | | - Yael Cohen
- Nursing Department, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, Israel
| | | | - Paul Froom
- Clinical Utility Department, Sanz Medical Center, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, 4244916, Israel.
- School of Public Health, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Ben Asher Kestin S, Israel A, Leshem E, Milman A, Sabbag A, Goldengerg I, Nof E, Beinart R. Can the Norton Scale Score Be Used as an Adjunct Tool for Implantable Defibrillator Patient Selection? A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010214. [PMID: 36615015 PMCID: PMC9821316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have become the standard of care in the prevention of sudden cardiac death, yet studies have shown that competing causes of death may limit ICD benefits. The Norton scale is a pressure ulcer risk score shown to have prognostic value in other fields. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of the Norton scale as an aid for ICD patient selection; (2) Methods: The study was comprised of consecutive patients who underwent defibrillator implantation at Sheba Medical Center between 2008 and 2016. A competing risk analysis was performed to assess the likelihood of death prior to device therapy; (3) Results: 695 patients were included. A total of 59 (8.5%) patients had low admission Norton scale score (ANSS) (≤14), 81 (11.7%) had intermediate ANSS (15−17), and the remainder (79.8%) had high (18−20) ANSS. The cumulative probability of all-cause mortality within one year of ICD implantation in patients with low ANSS was 30%, compared with 20% and 7% among the intermediate- and high-ANSS groups, respectively. Moreover, the one-year mortality rate without ICD therapy in low-ANSS patients was over four-fold compared with that of high-ANSS patients (33% versus 7%, p < 0.0001); (4) Conclusions: The Norton scale could be a useful additional tool in predicting the life expectancy of ICD candidates, thereby improving patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Ben Asher Kestin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 4428164, Israel
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Ariel Israel
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 647378, Israel
| | - Eran Leshem
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Anat Milman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Avi Sabbag
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Ilan Goldengerg
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eyal Nof
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Roy Beinart
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.K.); (R.B.)
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Elli C, Novella A, Nobili A, Ianes A, Pasina L. Factors Associated with a High-Risk Profile for Developing Pressure Injuries in Long-Term Residents of Nursing Homes. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:433-438. [PMID: 36122563 PMCID: PMC9801375 DOI: 10.1159/000527063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pressure injuries are a health problem of special concern for older adults, and different scales are used to assess the risk of developing these ulcers. We assessed the prevalence of residents at high risk of pressure injuries using a Norton scale and examined its relationships with the most important risk factors in a large sample of Italian nursing homes (NHs). METHOD This was a cross-sectional cohort study in a sample of Italian long-term care NHs with data collected between 2018 and 2020. RESULTS We recruited 2,604 NH residents; 1,252 had Norton scale scores, 41 (3.3%) had a diagnosis of pressure injuries, 571 (45.6%) had a Norton score ≤9, and 453 (36.2%) had a score between 10 and 14. The univariate model showed a relationship between female sex, age, dementia, and cerebrovascular disease with a Norton scale score ≤9. The significant associations were confirmed in the multivariate model with stepwise selection. CONCLUSION The prevalence of NH residents at high risk of pressure injuries was very high using the Norton scale, but the percentage of residents who develop these ulcers is lower. Female NH residents with advanced age, dementia, and a history of cerebrovascular disease should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Elli
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- *Chiara Elli,
| | - Alessio Novella
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nobili
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pasina
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Díez-Manglano J, Arnal-Longares MJ, Al-Cheikh-Felices P, Garcés-Horna V, Pueyo-Tejedor P, Martínez-Rodés P, Díez-Massó F, Rubio-Félix S, Del Corral-Beamonte E, Palazón-Fraile C. Norton scale score on admission and mortality of patients hospitalised in Internal Medicine departments. Rev Clin Esp 2018; 218:177-184. [PMID: 29555250 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the Norton scale score (which assesses the risk of pressure ulcers) and mortality in the short, medium and long term in patients hospitalised in Internal Medicine departments. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, single-centre cohort study was conducted on patients hospitalised in the months of October 2010 and January, May and October 2011. Data was collected on age, sex, Barthel index, Norton scale, presence of pressure ulcers, major diagnostic category, hospital stay and weight of the diagnosis-related group. The patients were divided according to the risk categories of the Norton scale. The follow-up was 3 years. RESULTS The study included 624 patients with a median age (interquartile range) of 79 (17) years and a median Norton scale score of 16 (7). During hospitalisation, 74 (11.9%) patients died, 176 (28.2%) died at 6 months, 212 (34.0%) died at 1 year, and 296 (47.4%) died at 3 years. Mortality was greater in the higher risk categories of the Norton scale. The Norton score was independently associated with mortality at 6 months (p<.001), at 1 year (p=.005), and at 3 years (p=.002). The areas under the curve of the Norton scale were 0.746 (95% CI 0.686-0.806), 0.735 (95% CI 0.691-0.780) and 0.751 (95% CI 0.713-0.789), respectively (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS The Norton scale is useful for predicting the prognosis in the short, medium and long term in patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díez-Manglano
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España; Grupo de Investigación en Comorbilidad y Pluripatología en Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España.
| | | | | | - V Garcés-Horna
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España
| | - P Pueyo-Tejedor
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España
| | - P Martínez-Rodés
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España; Grupo de Investigación en Comorbilidad y Pluripatología en Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España
| | - F Díez-Massó
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España
| | - S Rubio-Félix
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España
| | - E Del Corral-Beamonte
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España; Grupo de Investigación en Comorbilidad y Pluripatología en Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España
| | - C Palazón-Fraile
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España
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Silber H, Shiyovich A, Gilutz H, Ziedenberg H, Abu Tailakh M, Plakht Y. Decreased Norton's functional score is an independent long-term prognostic marker in hospital survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Soroka Acute Myocardial Infarction II (SAMI-II) project. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:694-699. [PMID: 27886612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient function is a risk factor of mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Norton scale (NS) was originally developed to estimate the risk for pressure ulcers. It contains 5 domains: mental condition, physical condition, mobility, activity in daily living and incontinence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate NS as long-term prognostic marker following AMI. METHODS A retrospective study based on computerized medical records of AMI patient hospitalized in a tertiary medical center in 2004-2012. NS scores and patients' characteristics were collected from computerized databases. The primary outcome was all-cause long-term (up-to 10-years) mortality. RESULTS Overall 6964 patients were included; mean age 67.3±14.1years, 68.1% males. Mean NS score was 17.8±3; of which 21.1% had low-NS (≤16). Patients with low-NS had increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and renal disease, 3-vessel coronary artery disease, more often Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and in-hospital complications. Throughout the follow-up period cumulative mortality rate in patients with low- and high-NS groups were 97.3% and 43% respectively (AdjHR 1.66; 95% CI: 1.521-1.826; p<0.001). Furthermore, a reduction in one point in the NS score inversely associated with increased risk for mortality (AdjHR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.12-1.22; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS NS is an independent long-term prognostic marker for all-cause mortality in hospital survivors with a gradual "dose-response" effect. This data emphasizes the importance prognostic implication of the general functional status on the prognosis of AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Silber
- Primary care clinic, Clalit health services, Gedera, Israel; Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arthur Shiyovich
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Harel Gilutz
- Soroka University Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hanna Ziedenberg
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Muhammad Abu Tailakh
- Soroka University Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Nursing, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Ygal Plakht
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Rabinovitz E, Finkelstein A, Ben Assa E, Steinvil A, Konigstein M, Shacham Y, Yankelson L, Banai S, Justo D, Leshem-Rubinow E. Norton scale for predicting prognosis in elderly patients undergoing trans-catheter aortic valve implantation: A historical prospective study. J Cardiol 2016; 67:519-25. [PMID: 26936468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Norton scale is traditionally used to assess the risk of pressure ulcers. However, recent studies have shown its prognostic utilization in elderly patients with diverse medical conditions. The association between low admission Norton scale scores (ANSS), complications, and mortality in elderly patients following trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has never been studied. We aimed to determine if low ANSS (≤16) is associated with complications and 30-day and 1-year mortality in elderly patients undergoing TAVI. METHODS The medical charts of elderly (≥70 years) TAVI patients at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center, a tertiary medical center, were studied for the following measurements: ANSS, demographics, co-morbidities, complications during hospitalization, and 30-day and 1-year mortality. Complications included: an atrio-ventricular block, stroke, and vascular complications. RESULTS The cohort included 302 elderly patients: 179 (59.3%) were women; the mean age was 83.3±5.1 years. Following TAVI, 112 (37.1%) patients had complications other than pressure ulcers, 10 (3.3%) patients died within 30 days, and 42 (13.9%) patients died within one year. Overall, 36 (11.9%) patients had low ANSS. 1-year mortality rates were almost three times higher in patients with low ANSS relative to patients with high ANSS (27.8% vs. 12.0%; the relative risk 1.1; p=0.018). A stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that ANSS was independently inversely associated with 1-year mortality (p=0.018). Complications and 30-day mortality rates were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Low ANSS are associated with 1-year mortality after TAVI. The Norton scale may therefore be used as an additional tool for elderly patient selection before TAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Rabinovitz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Finkelstein
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Ben Assa
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Steinvil
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Konigstein
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yacov Shacham
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Yankelson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Justo
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics D, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eran Leshem-Rubinow
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Kumari S, Sharma D, Rana A, Pathak R, Lal R, Kumar A, Biswal UC. Risk Assessment Tool for Pressure Ulcer Development in Indian Surgical Wards. Indian J Surg 2015; 77:206-12. [PMID: 26246703 PMCID: PMC4522249 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-012-0779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this paper were to compare the predictive validity of three pressure ulcer (PU) risk scales-the Norton scale, the Braden scale, and the Waterlow scale-and to choose the most appropriate calculator for predicting PU risk in surgical wards of India. This is an observational prospective cohort study in a tertiary educational hospital in New Delhi among 100 surgical ward patients from April to July 2011. The main outcomes measured included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PVP) and negative predictive value (PVN), and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the three PU risk assessment scales. Based on the cutoff points found most appropriate in this study, the sensitivity, specificity, PVP, and PVN were as follows: the Norton scale (cutoff, 16) had the values of 95.6, 93.5, 44.8, and 98.6, respectively; the Braden scale (cutoff, 17) had values of 100, 89.6, 42.5, and 100, respectively; and the Waterlow scale (cutoff, 11) had 91.3, 84.4, 38.8, and 97, respectively. According to the ROC curve, the Norton scale is the most appropriate tool. Factors such as physical condition, activity, mobility, body mass index (BMI), nutrition, friction, and shear are extremely significant in determining risk of PU development (p < 0.0001). The Norton scale is most effective in predicting PU risk in Indian surgical wards. BMI, mobility, activity, nutrition, friction, and shear are the most significant factors in Indian surgical ward settings with necessity for future comparison with established scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kumari
- />Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Deborshi Sharma
- />Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001 India
- />Quarter 17, Block III, Type V, Lodhi Road Complex, New Delhi, 110003 India
| | - Anshika Rana
- />Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Reetesh Pathak
- />Department of Surgery, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Romesh Lal
- />Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- />Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - U C Biswal
- />Department of Surgery, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001 India
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Halperin E, Engel T, Sherman S, Justo D. Low admission Norton scale scores are associated with falls long after rehabilitation in the elderly with hip fractures. Clin Interv Aging 2012; 7:431-6. [PMID: 23109805 PMCID: PMC3479894 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s35717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we investigated if low admission Norton scale scores (ANSS) are associated with falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and death, after rehabilitation in the elderly with hip fractures. Methods This prospective historical study followed consecutive elderly patients (≥65 years) who were admitted for rehabilitation following hip fracture surgery during 2009 and followed up in January or February 2012. The incidence of falls, number of falls, incidence of fractures, number of hospitalizations, and death rates were compared between patients with low (≤14) and high (≥15) ANSS. Results The final cohort included 174 patients of mean age 83.6 ± 6.2 years, with 133 (76.4%) being women. Fifty-seven (27.0%) patients died during follow-up. Of the remaining 127 patients, 44 (34.6%) fell at least once and 15 (11.8%) suffered fractures. Overall, 81 (46.6%) patients had a low ANSS. Relative to patients with a high ANSS, they had a higher incidence of falls (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5–7.1; P = 0.002) and fell more times (1.2 ± 1.8 versus 0.6 ± 1.7; P = 0.002). Regression analysis showed that ANSS (as a parametric variable) as well as a low ANSS (as a nonparametric variable) were independently associated with falls (P = 0.002 and P = 0.009, respectively). There were no differences between patients with low and high ANSS in terms of incidence of fractures, number of hospitalizations, and death rates. Conclusion The Norton scoring system may be used for predicting falls long after rehabilitation in the elderly with hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Halperin
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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