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Li X, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Chen Y, Wang W. LncRNA H19: A Novel Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease. Acta Cardiol Sin 2024; 40:172-181. [PMID: 38532821 PMCID: PMC10961637 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202403_40(2).20230925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection, and more. LncRNA H19 was the first to be described as a non-protein-coding mRNA-like molecule. A large number of studies have found that lncRNA H19 is related to the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular diseases, and it is emerging as a potential key regulator of various heart diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the role of lncRNA H19 in cardiovascular diseases in order to provide a theoretical basis for its potential use as a new therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaoran Ding
- College of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou
| | | | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Soni R, Mathur K, Shah J. An update on new-age potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102208. [PMID: 38296162 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that deals with dopaminergic deficiency in Substantia nigra pars compact (SNpc) region of the brain. Dopaminergic deficiency manifests into motor dysfunction. Alpha-synuclein protein aggregation is the source for inception of the pathology. Motor symptoms include rigidity, akinesia, tremor and gait dysfunction. Pre-motor symptoms are also seen in early stage of the disease; however, they are not distinguishable. Lack of early diagnosis in PD pathology poses a major challenge for development of disease modifying therapeutics. Substantial neuronal loss has already been occurred before the clinical manifestations appear and hence, it becomes impossible to halt the disease progression. Current diagnostics are majorly based on the clinical symptoms and thus fail to detect early progression of the disease. Thus, there is need for early diagnosis of PD, for detection of the disease at its inception. This will facilitate the effective use of therapies that halt the progression and will make remission possible. Many novel biomarkers are being developed that include blood-based biomarker, CSF biomarker. Other than that, there are non-invasive techniques that can detect biomarkers. We aim to discuss potential role of these new age biomarkers and their association with PD pathogenesis in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Kirti Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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Rukmini D, Kannan B, Pandi C, Pandi A, Prasad P, Jayaseelan VP, Arumugam P. Aberrated PSMA1 expression associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-023-00883-0. [PMID: 38216818 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a globally prevalent cancer with significant mortality rates. OSCC a predominant subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), poses a substantial health burden. Despite advancements in diagnosis and therapy, OSCC prognosis remains poor. The 26S proteasome, a cellular protein degradation complex, is associated with cancer, including PSMA1, a proteasomal subunit, which is upregulated in various cancers. We analyzed PSMA1 expression using TCGA data, validated it in OSCC samples using real-time PCR, and explored its role through various databases. Tumor and adjacent normal tissues from OSCC patients were examined, and PSMA1 expression was analyzed. Survival analysis assessed the impact of PSMA1 on patient outcomes, while immune infiltration was examined using the TIMER database. GeneMANIA, STRING, and Metascape were utilized for gene interaction and pathway analysis. PSMA1 was significantly upregulated in OSCC and HNSCC. Its overexpression correlated with advanced clinicopathological features and poorer prognosis in HNSCC patients. PSMA1 expression is also related to immune cell infiltration. Gene interaction analysis revealed PSMA1 involvement in proteolysis regulation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. PSMA1 upregulation in HNSCC association with adverse clinicopathological features and prognosis underscores its potential significance. Further research is warranted to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in OSCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodla Rukmini
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, TN, India
| | - Balachander Kannan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Chandra Pandi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Anitha Pandi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Prathibha Prasad
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India.
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Ghavami M, Abdshah A, Esteghamati S, Hafezi-Nejad N, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. Serum lipoprotein(a) and reclassification of coronary heart disease risk; application of prediction in a cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing Iranian cohort. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2402. [PMID: 38042772 PMCID: PMC10693688 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have introduced elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigated whether the addition of Lp(a) as a novel biomarker to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) model improves CHD risk prediction. METHODS The study included 1101 Iranian subjects (443 non-diabetic and 658 diabetic patients) who were followed for 10 years (2003-2013). Lp(a) levels and CHD events were recorded for each participant. RESULTS The Net Reclassification Index (NRI) after adding Lp(a) to the FRS model was 19.57% and the discrimination slope was improved (0.160 vs. 0.173). The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), a measure of model complexity, decreased significantly after adding Lp(a) to the FRS model (691.9 vs. 685.4, P value: 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that adding Lp(a) to the FRS model improves CHD risk prediction in an Iranian population without making the model too complex. This could help clinicians to better identify individuals who are at risk of developing CHD and to implement appropriate preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Ghavami
- Cardiovascular research institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdshah
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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Gopalakrishnan KV, Kannan B, Pandi C, Jayaseelan VP, Arumugam P. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of MRC2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 124:101617. [PMID: 37666484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the major cause of death. Recent research suggests that changes in the expression of MRC2 (mannose receptor, C-type 2) may play a role in the development and progression of various cancers; however, its expression pattern in HNSCC/ OSCC is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of MRC2 expression in HNSCC, including OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we assessed the potential roles of MRC2 in expression, prognostic value, immune infiltration and functional enrichment analysis in HNSCC patients by using different bioinformatics databases. We then validated MRC2 gene expression in 30 OSCC and adjacent normal tissue samples using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS MRC2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly upregulated in OSCC and HNSCC patients compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Upregulated MRC2 expression was associated with poor overall survival. Increased MRC2 expression has also been linked to an aggressive clinicopathological features including advanced stages, grade, metastasis and HPV status. Interestingly, our in silico results strongly suggest that the MRC2 gene and protein interaction networks are associated with HNSCC development. Moreover, the tumor infiltration level was significantly correlated with HPV-negative HNSCC patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MRC2 could be used as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karpaka Vinayakam Gopalakrishnan
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Balachander Kannan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Chandra Pandi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Avs KR, Pandi C, Kannan B, Pandi A, Jayaseelan VP, Arumugam P. RFC3 serves as a novel prognostic biomarker and target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6961-6969. [PMID: 37861747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent cancer that originates from the squamous cells. The role of the replication factor C subunit 3 (RFC3) in HNSCC progression remains elusive. The aim of this study was to uncover RFC3 significance in HNSCC. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-HNSCC) dataset was initially used to assess RFC3 expression and its association with HNSCC clinical features. Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) confirmed RFC3 mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a primary HNSCC type. Survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier plot, while the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database probed RFC3-immune cell interaction. Additionally, in silico tools were used to examine the RFC3 protein network and engagement in HNSCC pathways. RESULTS RFC3 expression is significantly upregulated in HNSCC, including OSCC. Upregulated RFC3 expression was significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features of HNSCC, including tumor stage, grade, metastasis, and patient survival. RFC3 is also associated with immune cell infiltration. Functional analysis has highlighted its involvement in DNA replication, mismatch repair, and cell cycle pathways. Interestingly, RFC3 high expression is linked to well-known oncogenic signaling pathways, such as MYC/MYCN, HIPPO, and mTOR. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, RFC3 can be considered a novel prognostic biomarker for HNSCC, and further studies on its functional mechanisms may help to use RFC3 as a therapeutic target for HNSCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical relevance of this study lies in identifying RFC3 as a novel biomarker and prognostic indicator for HNSCC, offering insights that could impact future clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Reddy Avs
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Chandra Pandi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60007, India
| | - Balachander Kannan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60007, India
| | - Anitha Pandi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60007, India
| | - Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60007, India
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60007, India.
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Zhao L, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Luo Q, Jiang Q, Wang H, Wang N. TFE3 nuclear expression as a novel biomarker of ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors and associated with its histological morphology. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:152. [PMID: 37528481 PMCID: PMC10394818 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing stromal tumors of the ovary are benign and tend to occur in youthful women with lobular structures at low frequencies. Three types of cells, including luteinized cells, short spindle myoid cells, and intermediate cells, are found in the lobules which abundant in the blood vessels. Currently, immunohistochemistry is used to detect normal follicles, sclerosing stromal tumors, granulosa cell tumors, and fibromas/thecomas. Our research results showed that transcription factor enhancer 3 (TFE3) was moderate to strong positive in the theca interna layer of normal follicles. TFE3 was expressed in seven out of eight sclerosing stromal tumors, mainly in luteinized cells. It did not express in 20 granulosa cell tumors. Of the nine fibromas/thecomas, TFE3 was weakly staining in 2 cases and negative in the remaining 7 cases. The expression of TFE3 was also weak in only one microcystic stromal tumor. 8 cases of sclerosing stromal tumors were analyzed by FISH using a TFE3 separation probe, and the results were negative. In short, as a nuclear transcription protein, TFE3 specifically expressed in sclerosing stromal tumors and could serve as a new marker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sclerosing stromal tumors. Moreover, we speculate that TFE3 will promotes the formation of the vascular plexus after entry into the nucleus, which can further explain why sclerosing stromal tumors are different from other ovary sex-cord stromal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Guangdong Provincical Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Zhongfeng Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Guangdong Provincical Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Yuping Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Qiuping Luo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Guangdong Provincical Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Na Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Guangdong Provincical Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, 510150 China
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Nowak A, Wicik Z, Wolska M, Shahzadi A, Szwed P, Jarosz-Popek J, Palatini J, Postula M, Czlonkowska A, Mirowska-Guzel D, Eyileten C. The role of non-coding RNAs in neuroinflammatory process in multiple sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2022. [PMID: 35589919 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system chronic neuroinflammatory disease followed by neurodegeneration. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid testing and magnetic resonance imagining. There is still a lack of a diagnostic blood-based biomarker for MS. Due to the cost and difficulty of diagnosis, new and more easily accessible methods are being sought. New biomarkers should also allow for early diagnosis. Additionally, the treatment of MS should lead to the personalization of the therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as their target genes participate in pathophysiology processes in MS. Although the detailed mechanism of action of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs) on neuroinflammation in MS has not been fully explained, several studies were conducted aiming to analyse their impact in MS. In this article, we review up-to-date knowledge on the latest research concerning the ncRNAs in MS and evaluate their role in neuroinflammation. We also point out the most promising ncRNAs which may be promising in MS as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Basthi Mohan P, Nagaraju SP, Rangaswamy D, Musunuri B, Prabhu Attur R, Bhat G, Shailesh, Shetty S. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: Acute kidney injury in liver cirrhosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:339-47. [PMID: 34666028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in liver cirrhosis is associated with poor clinical outcomes including an increased long and short-term mortality. The common type of AKI observed in patients with cirrhosis are prerenal AKI (PRA), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Despite the growing knowledge and uniform definition for the diagnosis of AKI, there are several challenges including, early diagnosis and management. Precisely differentiating the type of AKI is critical, as therapies differ significantly. In this review, we summarize AKI in liver cirrhosis, their definition, pathophysiology and deficiencies of using the existing biomarker, serum creatinine. We outline the current clinical evidence on the novel biomarker urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and its potential role as a biomarker in the early detection, differentiation and prognostication of AKI. This review also briefly talks about other forthcoming biomarkers which hold promise in the management of AKI in liver cirrhosis.
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Jakubik D, Fitas A, Eyileten C, Jarosz-Popek J, Nowak A, Czajka P, Wicik Z, Sourij H, Siller-Matula JM, De Rosa S, Postula M. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiological processes of diabetic cardiomyopathy: emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutics. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 33639953 PMCID: PMC7916283 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) necessitates the development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate complications of this debilitating disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a frequent disorder affecting individuals diagnosed with DM characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic and systolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in the absence of other heart diseases. Progression of DCM is associated with impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium metabolism, and inflammation. Various non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as well as their target genes are implicated in the complex pathophysiology of DCM. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs and lncRNAs play an important role in maintaining homeostasis through regulation of multiple genes, thus they attract substantial scientific interest as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and as a potential therapeutic strategy in DM complications. This article will review the different miRNAs and lncRNA studied in the context of DM, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the contribution of pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis to the development of DCM .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alex Fitas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Czajka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Center, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ng TKS, Kovalik JP, Ching J, Chan AW, Matchar DB. Novel metabolomics markers are associated with pre-clinical decline in hand grip strength in community-dwelling older adults. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 193:111405. [PMID: 33217429 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand grip strength (HGS) has been proposed as a robust predictor for frailty and sarcopenia. Hence, identifying biomarkers for declining HGS accompanying aging could deepen our understanding of the biological underpinnings, informing pre-emptive intervention. Acylcarnitines (ACs) are metabolites generated by fatty acid metabolism in the mitochondria and are dysregulated in multiple disorders affecting the musculature. However, they have not been comprehensively profiled and examined regarding their utility in predicting variability in declining HGS, longitudinally. Thus, we aimed to: 1) validate previous findings on insignificant cross-sectional association between ACs and HGS, and 2) examine whether baseline ACs were associated with both decline and variability in HGS over 18 months, in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We included participants who had HGS measured with dynamometer longitudinally (N = 121). We quantified ACs by targeted plasma metabolomics profiling. Multivariable linear regressions were then performed. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, ACs were not significantly associated with HGS. Longitudinally, baseline short-chain dicarboxylic and hydroxylated acylcarnitines (AC-DC/-OH) levels were inversely associated with and significantly explained the variability in 18-month decline in HGS. A specific AC species, the C4-OH, accounted for most of the variance explained. CONCLUSIONS We showed novel biomarkers for declining HGS, furthering molecular understanding and informing nutritional pre-emptive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Center for Aging, Research and Education Singapore.
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore
| | - Angelique W Chan
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Center for Aging, Research and Education Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - David Bruce Matchar
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Center for Aging, Research and Education Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Singapore; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), United States.
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Yadav S, Gupta N, Singh R, Patil M, Meel R, Vanathi M, Kashyap S, Tandon R. Role of Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 6:422-429. [PMID: 33447592 DOI: 10.1159/000509578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the adjunctive role of conjunctival autofluorescence in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Materials and Methods Seventeen patients with clinically diagnosed OSSN were included. Morphological characteristics, type of OSSN, and autofluorescence photographs of the lesion were captured. Presence and area of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) were the main outcome measures. Results Overall, 17 patients with 15 (88%) primary and 2 (12%) recurrent OSSN were included. Common locations were temporal (n = 10), nasal (n = 5), and diffuse variety (n = 2). Morphologically, there were 4 (22.2%) nodular, 4 (22.2%) leucoplakic, 3 (16.7%) gelatinous, and 1 (5.5%) each of papillary, nodulo-ulcerative, and diffuse variety. Mixed morphology was present in 4 eyes (22.2%). Sixteen of 18 eyes (88.9%) with OSSN displayed autofluorescence on CUVAF images. The mean area of CUVAF was 15.82 mm2 (10.77-19.59 mm2). Autofluorescence was reported in 8 eyes (44.4%) which had negative reports on impression cytology. Conclusions Conjunctival autofluorescence was seen in the majority of cases with OSSN, in spite of negative cytology reports. Our study demonstrates that CUVAF may serve as an effective ancillary, non-invasive, and resource-friendly tool for supplementing the clinical diagnosis of OSSN, especially in diffuse and recurrent lesions that are not amenable to surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Yadav
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Patil
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Meel
- Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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