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Ji X, Liu X, Wang J, Liu N. Effect of degraded flaxseed meals on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.23.0416. [PMID: 38419544 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study evaluated the effect of flaxseed meal degraded by a protease, Lactobacillus plantarum, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers. Methods There were four diets containing flaxseed meals in its non-degraded form (control, CON), degraded with 3,000 U/kg of protease (ELM), 1.0×109 CFU/kg of Lactobacillus plantarum (FLM), or both (DLM). Each form of flaxseed meals was added at 15% of diet. A total of 480 yellow-feathered broilers at 22 d of age were distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chickens each. The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. Growth performance, apparent fecal digestibility (dry matter, energy, crude protein, and ash), and serum immunoglobins and antioxidases were determined at 42 and 63 d of age. Results Results showed that ELM, FLM, and DLM increased (p<0.001) the contents of peptides and decreased (p<0.001) cyanogenic glycosides, compared to CON. The diets with degraded flaxseed meals increased (p<0.05) feed intake and body weight gain throughout the feeding trial, and the digestibility of energy, crude protein, and ash at the end of feeding trial. Furthermore, all degraded groups enhanced (p<0.05) broiler health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins A and G. Additinally, DLM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ELM or FLM. Conclusion Flaxseed meals degraded by enzymolysis, fermentation, or both had improved nutrition and application in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse E, Deschasaux M, Srour B, Touvier M. [Démystifier les fake news concernant Nutri-Score]. Rev Prat 2022; 72:599-604. [PMID: 35899658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DEBUNKING FAKE NEWS ABOUT NUTRI-SCORE The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition label (FoPNL) officially adopted in France to be affixed on food packaging. It is intended to allow to easily compare the nutritional quality of foods and help consumers to orient their choices towards better nutritional quality alternatives. It is a sciencebased public health tool. But the agri-food lobbies are opposed to its deployment and they spread out many fake news aimed at discrediting Nutri-Score. These fake news are sometimes taken up by people in good faith who do not know enough about the issue FoPNL or by certain actors defending economic or sometimes ideological interests. This article aims to debunk some of these fake news widely relayed by lobbies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Hercberg
- Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle (EREN), CRESS U1153 Inserm/ Inrae/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord/ GHU Paris Seine-Saint- Denis (AP-HP), France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle (EREN), CRESS U1153 Inserm/ Inrae/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord/ GHU Paris Seine-Saint- Denis (AP-HP), France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse
- Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle (EREN), CRESS U1153 Inserm/ Inrae/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord/ GHU Paris Seine-Saint- Denis (AP-HP), France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle (EREN), CRESS U1153 Inserm/ Inrae/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord/ GHU Paris Seine-Saint- Denis (AP-HP), France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle (EREN), CRESS U1153 Inserm/ Inrae/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord/ GHU Paris Seine-Saint- Denis (AP-HP), France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle (EREN), CRESS U1153 Inserm/ Inrae/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord/ GHU Paris Seine-Saint- Denis (AP-HP), France
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Ertekin I, Atis I, Aygun YZ, Yilmaz S, Kizilsimsek M. Effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on fermentation quality and nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:39-46. [PMID: 34237921 PMCID: PMC8738928 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The fermentation profile and silage quality of 3 Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars (cvs. Devis, Hellen, and Trinova) treated with 5 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) were evaluated. Methods The experiment was laid out in split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Annual ryegrass cultivars used in this study have been commonly grown in Turkey. Nitrogen doses were set in main plot and cultivars in split plot in the field. Plants were harvested at full-flowering stage with dry matter content about 220 g/kg for first cutting and 260 g/kg for second cutting. Harvested plants were chopped theoretically into 2 to 3 cm lengths for ensiling. Chopped fresh materials were ensilaged by compressing in 2 L plastic jars about 3±0.1 kg. Results Effects of N doses on dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility, relative feed value, crude protein, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were statistically significant while water soluble carbohydrate, ash and organic matter were not statistically different. Ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, ash, organic matter, lactic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were affected by cultivars, but the other parameters were not. Increasing nitrogen applications positively affected the chemical composition of annual ryegrass silage. The significant increase in protein content was remarkable, however, silage fermentation properties were adversely affected by the increasing nitrogen dose. Conclusion It can be recommended 150 kg/ha nitrogen dose for annual ryegrass harvested at full blooming stage. Even though the silage fermentation properties of the used cultivars were similar, cv. Devis gave better results than the others in terms of silage pH and relative feed value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ertekin
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31060, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Atis
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31060, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ziya Aygun
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31060, Turkey
| | - Saban Yilmaz
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31060, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kizilsimsek
- Deparment of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaraş 46040, Turkey
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Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E, Touvier M, Deschasaux M, Srour B, Fialon M, Julia C. [Nutri-Score: the results 3 years after its official adoption In France]. Rev Prat 2021; 71:151-154. [PMID: 34160970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
"Nutri-score : results 3 years after its official adoption in franc Since its adoption 3 years ago, we have witnessed a strong dynamic of Nutri-Score both in France and in several European countries. Scientific work demonstrating its effectiveness has accumulated. More and more manufacturers and retailers are committed to displaying the Nutri-Score on their products, which is the subject of strong consumer support. A battle against powerful lobbies is underway at the level of the European Commission for it to be chosen in 2022 as the harmonised and mandatory nutritional logo for Europe. But right now, healthcare professionals, especially medical doctors, can use this tool as part of the nutritional care of their patients to help them improve the nutritional quality of their food choices at the point of purchase."
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Hercberg
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Morgane Fialon
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie nutritionnelle U1153 (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale/Institut national de la recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement/Cnam/université Sorbonne Paris-Nord), Bobigny, France. Unité de nutrition et santé publique, département de santé publique, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
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Debi MR, Wichert BA, Liesegang A. Method development to reduce the fiber content of wheat bran and rice bran through anaerobic fermentation with rumen liquor for use in poultry feed. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:395-404. [PMID: 30208689 PMCID: PMC6409478 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Wheat bran (WB) and rice bran (RB) are the agricultural by-products used as poultry feed in many developing countries. However, their use for poultry feed is limited due to high fiber and the presence of anti-nutritional substances (e.g. β-glucans). The objective of this study was to develop a method to improve the quality of those brans by reducing the fiber content. Methods A two-step fermentation method was developed where the second fermentation of first fermented dry bran was carried out. Fermentation was performed at a controlled environment for 3 h and 6 h (n = 6). The composition of brans, buffer solution and rumen liquor was maintained in a ratio of 1:2:3, respectively. Brans were analyzed for dry matter, crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content. Celluloses and hemicelluloses were calculated from the difference of ADF-ADL and NDF-ADF, respectively. Samples were compared by two-factor analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (p<0.05). Results CF %, ADF % and cellulose tended to decrease and NDF % and hemicellulose content was reduced significantly (p<0.05). After the 1st fermentation step, NDF decreased 10.7%± 0.55% after 3 h vs 17.0%±0.78% after 6 h in case of WB. Whereas, these values were 2.3%± 0.30% (3 h) and 7.5%±0.69% (6 h) in case of RB. However, after the 2nd fermentation step, the decrease in the NDF content amounted to 9.1%±0.72% (3 h), 17.4%±1.13% (6 h) and 9.3%±0.46% (3 h), 10.0%±0.68% (6 h) in WB and RB, respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose content was reduced up to 15.6%±0.85% (WB), 15.8%±2.20% (RB) and 36.6%±2.42% (WB), 15.9%±3.53% (RB), respectively after 2nd fermentation of 6 h. Conclusion Two-step fermentation process improved the quality of the brans for their use in poultry feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momota Rani Debi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta A Wichert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang M, Xu S, Wang T, Jia T, Xu Z, Wang X, Yu Z. Effect of inoculants and storage temperature on the microbial, chemical and mycotoxin composition of corn silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1903-1912. [PMID: 29381895 PMCID: PMC6212743 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and storage temperature on the microbial, chemical and mycotoxin composition of corn silage. Methods Corn was harvested at 32.8% dry matter, and chopped to 1 to 2 cm. The chopped material was subjected to three treatments: i) control (distilled water); ii) 1×106 colony forming units (cfu)/g of Lactobacillus plantarum; iii) 1×106 cfu/g of Pediococcus pentosaceus. Treatments in triplicate were ensiled for 55 d at 20°C, 28°C, and 37°C in 1-L polythene jars following packing to a density of approximately 800 kg/m3 of fresh matter, respectively. At silo opening, microbial populations, fermentation characteristics, nutritive value and mycotoxins of corn silage were determined. Results L. plantarum significantly increased yeast number, water soluble carbohydrates, nitrate and deoxynivalenol content, and significantly decreased the ammonia N value in corn silage compared with the control (p<0.05). P. pentosaceus significantly increased lactic acid bacteria and yeast number and content of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin and zearalenone, while decreasing mold population and content of nitrate and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalneol in corn silage when stored at 20°C compared to the control (p<0.05). Storage temperature had a significant effect on deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone level in corn silage (p<0.05). Conclusion Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus did not decrease the contents of mycotoxins or nitrate in corn silage stored at three temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musen Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyang Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzheng Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Park SH, Lee BR, Cho WM, Kim TH. Comparative nitrogen use efficiency of urea and pig slurry for regrowth yield and nutritive value in perennial ryegrass sward. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:514-522. [PMID: 27608633 PMCID: PMC5394837 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to assess the N use efficiency (NUE) of pig slurry (in comparison with chemical fertilizer) for each regrowth yield and annual herbage production and their nutritive value. Methods Consecutive field experiments were separately performed using a single application with a full dose of N (200 kg N/ha) in 2014 and by four split applications in 2015 in different sites. The experiment consisted of three treatments: i) control plots that received no additional N, ii) chemical fertilizer-N as urea, and iii) pig-slurry-N with five replicates. Results The effect of N fertilization on herbage yield, N recovery in herbage, residual inorganic N in soil, and crude protein were significantly positive. When comparing the NUE between the two N sources (urea and pig slurry), pig slurry was significantly less effective for the earlier two regrowth periods, as shown by lower regrowth dry matter (DM) yield, N amount recovered in herbage, and inorganic N availability in soil at the 1st and 2nd cut compared to those of urea-applied plots. However, the effect of split application of the two N sources was significantly positive at the last two regrowth periods (at the 3rd and 4th cut). The two N sources and/or split application had little or no influence on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and in vitro DM digestibility, whereas cutting date was a large source of variation for these variables, resulting in a significant increase in in vitro DM digestibility for the last two regrowth periods when an increase in NDF and ADF content occurred. Split application of N reduced the N loss via nitrate leaching by 36% on average for the two N sources compared to a single application. Conclusion The pig slurry-N was utilized as efficiently as urea-N for annual herbage yield, with a significant increase in NUE especially for the latter regrowth periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Bok Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Won Mo Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Monroy-Parada DX, Ángeles Moya M, José Bosqued M, López L, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Royo-Bordonada MÁ. Vending Machines of Food and Beverages and Nutritional Profile of their Products at Schools in Madrid, Spain, 2014-2015. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2016; 90:e1-e9. [PMID: 27277542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policies restricting access to sugary drinks and unhealthy foods in the school environment are associated with healthier consumption patterns. In 2010, Spain approved a Consensus Document regarding Food at Schools with nutritional criteria to improve the nutritional profile of foods and drinks served at schools. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of food and drink vending machines at secondary schools in Madrid, the products offered at them and their nutritional profile. METHODS Cross-sectional study of a random sample of 330 secondary schools in Madrid in 2014-2015. The characteristics of the schools and the existence of vending machines were recorded through the internet and by telephone interview. The products offered in a representative sample of 6 vending machines were identified by in situ inspection, and its nutritional composition was taken from its labeling. Finally, the nutritional profile of each product was analyzed with the United Kingdom profile model, which classifies products as healthy and less healthy. RESULTS The prevalence of vending machines was 17.3%. Among the products offered, 80.5% were less healthy food and drinks (high in energy, fat or sugar and poor in nutrients) and 10.5% were healthy products. CONCLUSIONS Vending machines are common at secondary schools in Madrid. Most products are vending machines are still less healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Xiomara Monroy-Parada
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete. Albacete. España and Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid ;
| | | | | | - Lázaro López
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz and Ciberesp
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Li CJ, Xu ZH, Dong ZX, Shi SL, Zhang JG. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yields, Nutritive Value and Silage Fermentation Quality of Whole-crop Wheat. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1129-35. [PMID: 26954126 PMCID: PMC4932566 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Whole-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as forage has been extensively used in the world. In this study, the effects of N application rates on the yields, nutritive value and silage quality were investigated. The N application rates were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha. The research results indicated that the dry matter yield of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N rate up to 150 kg/ha, and then leveled off. The crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N up to 225 kg/ha, while they no longer increased at N 300 kg/ha. On the contrary, the content of various fibers tended to decrease with the increase of N application. The content of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid in silages increased with the increase of N rate (p<0.05). The ammonia-N content of silages with higher N application rates (≥225 kg/ha) was significantly higher than that with lower N application rates (≤150 kg/ha). Whole-crop wheat applied with high levels of N accumulated more nitrate-N. In conclusion, taking account of yields, nutritive value, silage quality and safety, the optimum N application to whole-crop wheat should be about 150 kg/ha at the present experiment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Li
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Z H Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Z X Dong
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - S L Shi
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - J G Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Musco N, Koura IB, Tudisco R, Awadjihè G, Adjolohoun S, Cutrignelli MI, Mollica MP, Houinato M, Infascelli F, Calabrò S. Nutritional Characteristics of Forage Grown in South of Benin. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:51-61. [PMID: 26732328 PMCID: PMC4698689 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide recommendations on the most useful forage species to smallholder farmers, eleven grass and eleven legume forages grown in Abomey-Calavi in Republic of Benin were investigated for nutritive value (i.e. chemical composition and energy content) and fermentation characteristics (i.e. gas and volatile fatty acid production, organic matter degradability). The in vitro gas production technique was used, incubating the forages for 120 h under anaerobic condition with buffalo rumen fluid. Compared to legume, tropical grass forages showed lower energy (8.07 vs 10.57 MJ/kg dry matter [DM]) and crude protein level (16.10% vs 19.91% DM) and higher cell wall content (neutral detergent fiber: 63.8% vs 40.45% DM), respectively. In grass forages, the chemical composition showed a quite high crude protein content; the in vitro degradability was slightly lower than the range of tropical pasture. The woody legumes were richer in protein and energy and lower in structural carbohydrates than herbaceous plants, however, their in vitro results are influenced by the presence of complex compounds (i.e. tannins). Significant correlations were found between chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics. The in vitro gas production method appears to be a suitable technique for the evaluation of the nutritive value of forages in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Musco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Ivan B Koura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Ghislain Awadjihè
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Sebastien Adjolohoun
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Monica I Cutrignelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Marcel Houinato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 526, Benin
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Han KJ, Pitman WD, Chapple A. Moisture concentration variation of silages produced on commercial farms in the South-central USA. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1436-42. [PMID: 25178295 PMCID: PMC4150176 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of forage crops as silage offers opportunity to avoid the high risk of rain-damaged hay in the humid south-central USA. Recent developments with baled silage or baleage make silage a less expensive option than typical chopped silage. Silage has been important in the region primarily for dairy production, but baleage has become an option for the more extensive beef cattle industry in the region. Silage samples submitted to the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Forage Quality Lab from 2006 through 2013 were assessed for dry matter (DM) and forage nutritive characteristics of chopped silage and baleage of the different forage types from commercial farms primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi. Of the 1,308 silage samples submitted, 1,065 were annual ryegrass (AR) with small grains (SG), the warm-season annual (WA) grasses, sorghums and pearl millet, and the warm-season perennial (WP) grasses, bermudagrass and bahiagrass, providing the remaining samples. Concentration of DM was used to indicate an effective ensiling opportunity, and AR silage was more frequently within the target DM range than was the WA forage group. The AR samples also indicated a high-quality forage with average crude protein (CP) of 130 g/kg and total digestible nutrient (TDN) near 600 g/kg. The cooler winter weather at harvest apparently complicated harvest of SG silage with chopped SG silage lower in both CP and TDN (104 and 553 g/kg, respectively) than either AR silage or baleage of SG (137 and 624 g/kg for CP and TDN, respectively). The hot, humid summer weather along with large stems and large forage quantities of the WA grasses and the inherently higher fiber concentration of WP grasses at harvest stage indicate that preservation of these forage types as silage will be challenging, although successful commercial silage samples of each forage type and preservation approach were included among samples of silages produced in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Han
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Hill Farm Research Station, Homer, LA 71040, USA
| | - W D Pitman
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Hill Farm Research Station, Homer, LA 71040, USA
| | - A Chapple
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Dept. of Experimental Statistics, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Ryu KA, Kang HH, Kim SY, Yoo MK, Kim JS, Lee CH, Wie GA. Comparison of nutrient intake and diet quality between hyperuricemia subjects and controls in Korea. Clin Nutr Res 2014; 3:56-63. [PMID: 24527421 PMCID: PMC3921296 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2014.3.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is associated with metabolic syndrome as well as gout, and the prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing in Korea. This study aimed to compare the nutrient intake and diet quality between hyperuricemia subjects and controls. Of the 28,589 people who participated in a health examination between 2008 and 2011, 9,010 subjects were selected whose 3-day food records were available. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. Diet quality was evaluated using the food habit score (FHS), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.8% (27.1%, men; 5.2%, women). Body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher (p < 0.0001), while high-density cholesterol (p < 0.001) was significantly lower in the hyperuricemia subjects than in the controls. The hyperuricemia subjects had a lower intake of vitamin A (p < 0.004), vitamin C, folate, fiber, and calcium than the controls (p < 0.0001). Intake of vegetables and dairy products was significantly lower, whereas alcohol intake was significantly higher in the hyperuricemia subjects than in the controls ( p < 0.0001). The FHS (p < 0.0001), MAR (p < 0.0001), and NARs for vitamin A (p = 0.01), vitamin B2, vitamin C, folate, and calcium (p < 0.0001) were significantly lower in the hyperuricemia subjects than in the controls. In conclusion, the hyperuricemia subjects reported poorer diet quality than the controls, including higher alcohol intake and lower vegetable and dairy product intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung A Ryu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, South Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, South Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, South Korea
| | - Min Kyong Yoo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seon Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, South Korea
| | - Chan Haw Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, South Korea
| | - Gyung Ah Wie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, South Korea
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