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Harr MW, Lavik A, McColl K, Zhong F, Haberer B, Aldabbagh K, Yee V, Distelhorst CW. A Novel Peptide that Disrupts the Lck-IP 3R Protein-Protein Interaction Induces Widespread Cell Death in Leukemia and Lymphoma. Arch Microbiol Immunol 2023; 7:165-177. [PMID: 37829571 PMCID: PMC10569261 DOI: 10.26502/ami.936500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the T-cell protein, Lck, is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as other leukemias and lymphomas. We previously discovered that Lck binds to domain 5 of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis. Using bioinformatics, we targeted a region within domain 5 of IP3R-1 predicted to facilitate protein-protein interactions (PPIs). We generated a synthetic 21 amino acid peptide, KKRMDLVLELKNNASKLLLAI, which constitutes a domain 5 sub-domain (D5SD) of IP3R-1 that specifically binds Lck via its SH2 domain. With the addition of an HIV-TAT sequence to enable cell permeability of D5SD peptide, we observed wide-spread, Ca2+-dependent, cell killing of hematological cancer cells when the Lck-IP3R PPI was disrupted by TAT-D5SD. All cell lines and primary cells were sensitive to D5SD peptide, but malignant T-cells were less sensitive compared with B-cell or myeloid malignancies. Mining of RNA-seq data showed that LCK was expressed in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as well as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In fact, LCK shows a similar pattern of expression as many well-characterized AML oncogenes and is part of a protein interactome that includes FLT3-ITD, Notch-1, and Kit. Consistent with these findings, our data suggest that the Lck-IP3R PPI may protect malignant hematopoietic cells from death. Importantly, TAT-D5SD showed no cytotoxicity in three different non-hematopoietic cell lines; thus its ability to induce cell death appears specific to hematopoietic cells. Together, these data show that a peptide designed to disrupt the Lck-IP3R PPI has a wide range of pre-clinical activity in leukemia and lymphoma.
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Awada A, Berghmans T, Clement PM, Cuppens K, De Wilde B, Machiels JP, Pauwels P, Peeters M, Rottey S, Van Cutsem E. Belgian expert consensus for tumor-agnostic treatment of NTRK gene fusion-driven solid tumors with larotrectinib. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021;:103564. [PMID: 34861380 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusions of NTRK (neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase) genes with 5' partner genes can result in the expression of chimeric proteins that drive oncogenesis through ligand-independent kinase activation. Despite variable frequencies of NTRK fusions in different tumor types, the fact that they are common to a wide range of cancers raises the possibility of developing tumor-agnostic treatments specifically targeting NTRK fusion products, irrespective of tumor type. The first-generation Trk (tropomyosin receptor kinase) inhibitor, larotrectinib, was the first tumor-agnostic treatment of NTRK fusion-positive cancers in adults and children, to be approved in the European Union. This consensus, developed by a Belgian multidisciplinary expert panel, aims to highlight the unmet medical need associated to NTRK fusion-driven cancer treatment and, based on current knowledge of NTRK fusions and larotrectinib treatment outcome and safety, provide comprehensive guidance to oncologists regarding NTRK fusion-driven cancer diagnostics and the best use of larotrectinib in real-world clinical settings. Larotrectinib; NTRK gene fusion; Trk inhibitor; Tumor-agnostic; Expert opinion; Oncogene proteins; Protein kinase inhibitors.
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Melosky B, Wheatley-Price P, Juergens RA, Sacher A, Leighl NB, Tsao MS, Cheema P, Snow S, Liu G, Card PB, Chu Q. The rapidly evolving landscape of novel targeted therapies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2021; 160:136-151. [PMID: 34353680 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease often driven by well-characterized driver mutations. Although the best studied are common alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) oncogenes, rapid advances in molecular characterization has led to the development of novel therapeutics that inhibit additional oncogenic alterations in advanced NSCLC. The literature search identified 62 eligible phase I/II clinical trials or integrated analyses of assessing novel targeted agents against the following molecular alterations: ROS1-rearranged, BRAF V600E-mutant, NTRK-rearranged, MET-altered, uncommon EGFR-mutant, RET-rearranged, HER2-positive, KRAS G12C-mutant and NRG1-rearranged. This rapidly evolving field has produced many new targeted treatment options and promising outcomes have led to the FDA approval of seven novel agents for use in ROS1-rearranged, BRAF V600E-mutant, NTRK-rearranged, MET exon 14 skipping-mutant or RET-rearranged advanced NSCLC. Research continues at a rapid pace, with a number of phase III trials underway to fully evaluate new promising agents under development for improving outcomes in patients with NSCLC harboring distinct molecular subtypes. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of existing data as well as a user-friendly guide on the current status of novel targeted therapy in oncogene-driven advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Melosky
- Medical Oncology, BCCA - 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| | - Paul Wheatley-Price
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Box 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Rosalyn A Juergens
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON, L8V5C2, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 7-913 700 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1Z5, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Parneet Cheema
- William Osler Health System, University of Toronto, 101 Humber College Blvd, Etobicoke, ON, M9V 1R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, 1276 South Park Street Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Paul B Card
- Kaleidoscope Strategic Inc., 146 Marion St., Toronto, ON, M6R 1E7, Canada
| | - Quincy Chu
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, 2nd Floor, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Ondič O, Bednářová B, Ptáková N, Hájková V, Šteiner P, Šidlová H, Presl J, Bouda J, Alaghehbandan R, Michal M. ZC3H7B-BCOR high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma may present as myoma nascens with cytoplasmic signet ring cell change. Virchows Arch 2020; 476:615-9. [PMID: 31938824 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on 51-year-old woman who presented with brown discharge and postcoital bleeding due to myoma nascens-like polypoid mass distending cervical canal. Histologically, the tumor consisted of high-grade spindle cell component with up to 15 mitotic figures per 10 HPF and also low-grade leiomyoma-like areas with focal myxoid change and so far undescribed cytoplasmic signet ring cell change. Immunohistochemically Desmin, actin, and h-caldesmon were negative. Conversely, BCOR positive expression was coupled with Cyclin D1 positivity and was antibody clone dependent. The molecular NGS and FISH study identified reciprocal fusion gene ZC3H7B-BCOR. In conclusion, these findings further support the idea of routine reflex molecular testing of uterine mesenchymal tumors with unusual clinical presentation or in case malignancy is suspected. Lastly, we suggest ZC3H7B-BCOR rearranged high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma might be considered as a tumor suitable for BCL6-targeted treatment.
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Choo MS, Jeong CW, Song C, Jeon HG, Seo SI, Hong SK, Byun SS, Chung JS, Hong SH, Hwang EC, Kim HH, Kwak C. Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognosis of Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma: Multicenter, Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:e819-e825. [PMID: 28549862 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of Xp11.2 translocation (Xp11.2t) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from a multicenter study and compare them with clear-cell RCC using a propensity score matching analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2004 and 2013, 8384 consecutive patients from 7 institutions who were diagnosed with RCC were reviewed, and the pathologically confirmed Xp11.2t cases were enrolled. The oncological outcomes of Xp11.2t were compared with those of clear-cell RCC by selecting matched cases using 1:3 propensity score matching methods in a precollected clear-cell RCC data set from our hospital. The patients were divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of age of onset, either before (early) or after (late) 45 years old. RESULTS Xp11.2t was found in 61 cases, corresponding to 0.72% of RCC cases for the 10 years. The mean age was 38.2 ± 19.4 years, and the mean tumor size was 6.2 ± 3.9 cm. The Xp11.2t cases were at more advanced stages and showed tendencies to involve lymph nodes at diagnosis. After the matching, there were no significant differences in recurrence-free and overall survival compared with clear-cell RCC. The age of incidence for Xp11.2t had a bimodal distribution, which was most common in the 30s and smaller peak in the 60s. Xp11.2t corresponded to a significantly worse prognosis for overall survival in late onset (after 45 years) subgroup (P = .038; hazard ratio, 3.199; 95% confidence interval, 1.065-9.609). CONCLUSION This neoplasm has more aggressive clinicopathologic features at diagnosis. In older patients with onset age > 45 years, Xp11.2t showed a significantly worse prognosis than clear-cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Choo
- Department of Urology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheryn Song
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Il Seo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Chung
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Vanden Borre P, Schrock AB, Anderson PM, Morris JC, Heilmann AM, Holmes O, Wang K, Johnson A, Waguespack SG, Ou SHI, Khan S, Fung KM, Stephens PJ, Erlich RL, Miller VA, Ross JS, Ali SM. Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Thyroid Carcinoma Harbors Frequent and Diverse Targetable Genomic Alterations, Including Kinase Fusions. Oncologist 2017; 22:255-263. [PMID: 28209747 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma, which is rare in pediatric patients (age 0-18 years) but more common in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (age 15-39 years), carries the potential for morbidity and mortality. METHODS Hybrid-capture-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed prospectively on 512 consecutively submitted thyroid carcinomas, including 58 from pediatric and AYA (PAYA) patients, to identify genomic alterations (GAs), including base substitutions, insertions/deletions, copy number alterations, and rearrangements. This PAYA data series includes 41 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 3 with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and 14 with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). RESULTS GAs were detected in 93% (54/58) of PAYA cases, with a mean of 1.4 GAs per case. In addition to BRAF V600E mutations, detected in 46% (19/41) of PAYA PTC cases and in 1 of 3 AYA ATC cases, oncogenic fusions involving RET, NTRK1, NTRK3, and ALK were detected in 37% (15/41) of PAYA PTC and 33% (1/3) of AYA ATC cases. Ninety-three percent (13/14) of MTC patients harbored RET alterations, including 3 novel insertions/deletions in exons 6 and 11. Two of these MTC patients with novel alterations in RET experienced clinical benefit from vandetanib treatment. CONCLUSION CGP identified diverse clinically relevant GAs in PAYA patients with thyroid carcinoma, including 83% (34/41) of PTC cases harboring activating kinase mutations or activating kinase rearrangements. These genomic observations and index cases exhibiting clinical benefit from targeted therapy suggest that young patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma can benefit from CGP and rationally matched targeted therapy. The Oncologist 2017;22:255-263 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The detection of diverse clinically relevant genomic alterations in the majority of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with thyroid carcinoma in this study suggests that comprehensive genomic profiling may be beneficial for young patients with papillary, anaplastic, or medullary thyroid carcinoma, particularly for advanced or refractory cases for which clinical trials involving molecularly targeted therapies may be appropriate.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement/genetics
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Genomics
- Humans
- INDEL Mutation/genetics
- Male
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/isolation & purification
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/genetics
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Saad Khan
- University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Yang JM, Han DW, Liang QC, Zhao JL, Hao SY, Ma XH, Zhao YC. Effects of endotoxin on expression of ras, p53 and bcl-2 oncoprotein in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by thioacetamide in rats. World J Gastroenterol 1997; 3:213-7. [PMID: 27053867 PMCID: PMC4806235 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v3.i4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/1997] [Revised: 05/25/1997] [Accepted: 07/11/1997] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between expression of ras, p53 and bcl-2 gene products and hepatocarcinogenesis since the endotoxemia produced from lipopolysaccharide administration and/or the hypophagocytic state of splenectomy significantly accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis induced by thioacetamide. METHODS The hepatocarcinoma model was induced by 6-mo oral intake of 0.03% thioacetamide. During the hepatocarcinoma modeling process, rats were additionally treated with splenectomy and/or lipopolysaccharide administration. The techniques of flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectronmicroscopy were applied for quantitative analysis of the expression of oncogene proteins. RESULTS In this model system, overexpression of ras p21 protein mainly occurred in the precancerous cell population or in cells in the early stage of hepatocyte transformation. The levels of ras p21 declined when nuclear DNA aneuploidy increased. Expression of bcl-2 protein slowly and steadily rose, with more hepatocytes staying in S + G2M phases, as the hepatocarcinoma became more malignant. p53 was moderately expressed during hepatocarcinogenesis. There was no statistical correlation between endotoxemia levels and the changes in levels of ras, p53 and bcl-2 gene products. CONCLUSION Overexpression of oncogene ras p21 was considered likely to be a precursor of premalignant hepatocytes and possibly as responsible for the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis. Bcl-2 protein expression is proportional to the severity of malignancy in hepatocarcinogenesis. p53 may be involved in a key pathway underlying the transformation and development processes of hepatocarcinoma. This study confirmed the hypothesis that there are multiple genes and multiple steps involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Expression of oncogene proteins reflects the properties of the premalignant and malignant cells, but is not directly related to endotoxemia statistically.
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