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Wang J, Tan J, Hu Q, Mao S, Chen H, Luo W, Feng X. Novel oxicam nonsteroidal compound XK01 attenuates inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24004. [PMID: 38312593 PMCID: PMC10835217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show serious adverse effects during clinical use, which limits their usage. Oxicams (e.g., piroxicam, meloxicam) are widely used as NSAIDs. However, selectivity to cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 may cause cardiovascular problems considering the long-term use of the drugs. Therefore, it is important to develop new non-steroidal compounds as anti-inflammatory drugs. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of a newly developed nonsteroidal drug XK01. Our data showed that XK01 reduced the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)and inhibited the transcription levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. XK01 showed no significant inhibitory effect on COX-1, but inhibited the expression of COX-2. At molecular level, XK01 prevented the translocation of p65 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65, IκB, and MAPKs proteins. And high concentration of XK01 also inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK, showing stronger effect than that of meloxicam. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of XK01 was further validated in Xylene-induced mouse ear swelling model. Thus, this study verified that XK01 inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators and COX-2, and exhibits potential anti-inflammatory effects via suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jiawang Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Qianmei Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Siyu Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Hongting Chen
- College of Letters & Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Weiyi Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xing Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Szczęśniak-Sięga BM, Mogilski S, Wiglusz RJ, Janczak J, Maniewska J, Malinka W, Filipek B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel arylpiperazine oxicams derivatives as potent analgesics without ulcerogenicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1619-1628. [PMID: 30852078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastrotoxicity continues to be a major issue in therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Medicine is yet to develop absolutely safe analgesics. Numerous strategies are employed to discover new, safer NSAIDs, for example selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, new molecular targets (e.g. microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1), incorporation of cytoprotective compounds in the drug molecule or modification of the classic NSAIDs currently available on the market. The research presented in this paper is indicative of a current worldwide trend in this area of science, and is an example of the fourth strategy noted above. Two series of new arylpiperazine derivatives of the classic NSAID - piroxicam, were developed by conventional synthesis. The full range of compounds obtained proved to be between two and five times analgesically more potent than the reference drug and, most importantly, they did not show any ulcerogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenika M Szczęśniak-Sięga
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał J Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Maniewska
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wiesław Malinka
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Jiménez JJ, Muñoz BE, Sánchez MI, Pardo R. Forced and long-term degradation assays of tenoxicam, piroxicam and meloxicam in river water. Degradation products and adsorption to sediment. Chemosphere 2018; 191:903-910. [PMID: 29145135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fate of the pharmaceutical drugs tenoxicam, piroxicam and meloxicam in river water is evaluated here for first time. So, biological, photochemical and thermal degradation assays have been conducted to estimate their degradation rates and know their degradation products. Results indicated that the direct sunlight irradiation, without any protection, promoted a fast degradation of the oxicams while the chemical reactions in solution were less important. The biological degradation in water was negligible except for tenoxicam in whose case its influence was scarce. When the exposition of river water to sunlight was partially limited and kept under the natural day-night cycle, as occurs inside a body of water, tenoxicam, piroxicam and meloxicam (at 2 μg L-1) were detected during a period of 15, 27 and 45 days, respectively. Residues were monitored by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction and several degradation products were found (10 for tenoxicam, 9 for piroxicam and 7 for meloxicam) and monitored over time. Their structures were proposed from the molecular formulae and fragmentation observed in high-resolution tandem mass spectra; the nature of the transformation products found in the long-term resulted to be very variable for each oxicam. Furthermore, the degradation in presence of river sediment was also monitored over time, with some differences being noted; the adsorption coefficients of the compounds on sediment were calculated, meloxicam exhibited a higher sorption capacity. The ecotoxicity of the different compounds in aquatic ecosystems was predicted, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; I.U. CINQUIMA, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 5, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz E Muñoz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Industrial Engineers, University of Valladolid, Francisco Mendizábal 1, 47014, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María I Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Industrial Engineers, University of Valladolid, Francisco Mendizábal 1, 47014, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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