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Foster SP, Anderson KG. Stored alcohol and fatty acid intermediates and the biosynthesis of sex pheromone aldehyde in the moth Chloridea virescens. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:110-121. [PMID: 38374478 PMCID: PMC11043202 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In most species of moths, the female produces and releases a volatile sex pheromone from a specific gland to attract a mate. Biosynthesis of the most common type of moth sex pheromone component (Type 1) involves de novo synthesis of hexadecanoate (16:Acyl), followed by modification to various fatty acyl intermediates, then reduction to a primary alcohol, which may be acetylated or oxidized to produce an acetate ester or aldehyde, respectively. Our previous work on the moth Chloridea virescens (Noctuidae) showed that females produce 90% of the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), via a direct and rapid route of de novo biosynthesis with highly labile intermediates, and ca. 10% from an indirect route that likely mobilizes a pre-synthesized 16-carbon skeleton, possibly, (Z)-11-hexadecenoate (Z11-16:Acyl) or hexadecanoate (16:Acyl). In this paper, we use stable isotope tracer/tracee techniques to study the dynamics of the precursor alcohol (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) and stores of Z11-16:Acyl and 16:Acyl to determine their roles in biosynthesis of Z11-16:Ald. We found: (i) that intracellular Z11-16:OH is synthesized at roughly the same rate as Z11-16:Ald, indicating that translocation and oxidation of this moiety does not rate limit biosynthesis of Z11-16:Ald, (ii) intracellular Z11-16:OH consists of two pools, a highly labile one rapidly translocated out of the cell and converted to Z11-16:Ald, and a less labile one that mostly remains in gland cells, (iii) during pheromone biosynthesis, net stores of Z11-16:Acyl increase, suggesting it is not the source of Z11-16:Ald produced by the indirect route, and (iv) no evidence for the gland synthesizing stored 16:Acyl prior to (up to 2 days before eclosion), or after, synthesis of pheromone commenced, suggesting the bulk of this stored moiety is synthesized elsewhere and transported to the gland prior to gland maturation. Thus, the pheromone gland of C. virescens produces very little stored fat over its functional lifetime, being optimized to produce sex pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Foster
- Department of Entomology, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Karin G Anderson
- Department of Entomology, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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Ashok K, Bhargava CN, Asokan R, Pradeep C, Pradhan SK, Kennedy JS, Balasubramani V, Murugan M, Jayakanthan M, Geethalakshmi V, Manamohan M. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) gene disrupts mating in the Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 37849767 PMCID: PMC10577122 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a globally important invasive pest, primarily on corn, causing severe yield loss. Overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused significant ecological harm, and in many instances control has failed. Therefore, developing efficient, environmentally friendly substitutes for sustainable management of this pest is of high priority. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing causes site-specific mutations that typically result in loss-of-function of the target gene. In this regard, identifying key genes that govern the reproduction of S. frugiperda and finding ways to introduce mutations in the key genes is very important for successfully managing this pest. In this study, the pheromone biosynthesis activator neuropeptide (PBAN) gene of S. frugiperda was cloned and tested for its function via a loss-of-function approach using CRISPR/Cas9. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex (single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the PBAN gene + Cas9 protein) was validated through in vitro restriction assay followed by embryonic microinjection into the G0 stage for in vivo editing of the target gene. Specific suppression of PBAN by CRISPR/Cas9 in females significantly affected mating. Mating studies between wild males and mutant females resulted in no fecundity. This was in contrast to when mutant males were crossed with wild females, which resulted in reduced fecundity. These results suggest that mating disruption is more robust where PBAN is edited in females. The behavioural bioassay using an olfactometer revealed that mutant females were less attractive to wild males compared to wild females. This study is the first of its kind, supporting CRISPR/Cas9 mediating editing of the PBAN gene disrupting mating in S. frugiperda. Understanding the potential use of these molecular techniques may help develop novel management strategies that target other key functional genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03798-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppannasamy Ashok
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chikmagalur Nagaraja Bhargava
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Ramasamy Asokan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Chalapathi Pradeep
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Pradhan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Shirai Y, Ono H, Daimon T. Redundant actions of neuropeptides encoded by the dh- pban gene for larval color pattern formation in the oriental armyworm Mythimnaseparata. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 157:103955. [PMID: 37146697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyrokinin (PK)/pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family, which is defined by a conserved C-terminal pentapeptide (FXPRLamide), is involved in many physiological processes in insects. In the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata, the larvae exhibit a variety of color patterns in response to changes in population density, which are caused by melanization and a reddish coloration hormone (MRCH), which is a member of the FXPRLamide neuropeptides. Interestingly, in some lepidopteran insects, MRCH is known as a PBAN, which activates the pheromone gland to produce sex pheromones. PBAN is encoded by a single gene, dh-pban, which encodes additional FXPRLamide neuropeptides, such as the diapause hormone (DH) and subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides (SGNPs). To determine the roles of the dh-pban gene, which produces multiple types of FXPRLamide neuropeptides after post-transcriptional cleavage of the precursor protein, we performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in M. separata. We demonstrated that knockout armyworm larvae lost density-dependent cuticular melanization and retained yellow body color, even when reared under crowded conditions. Moreover, our rescue experiments using the synthetic peptides showed that not only PBAN but also β- and γ-SGNPs significantly induce the cuticular melanization in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence that neuropeptides encoded by the single dh-pban gene act redundantly to control density-dependent color pattern formation in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shirai
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hajime Ono
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaaki Daimon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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Sengupta M, Vimal N, Angmo N, Seth RK. Effect of Irradiation on Reproduction of Female Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Relation to the Inherited Sterility Technique. Insects 2022; 13:898. [PMID: 36292846 PMCID: PMC9604188 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiobiological investigations on the reproductive behavior of female Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) were conducted with the aim of determining the suitable radio-sterilizing dose for females in order to release them along with sub-sterile males for effective implementation of the Inherited Sterility technique against this pest. Calling and copulation duration significantly increased, while mating success, oviposition, fertility and longevity significantly decreased with increasing radiation dose (100-200 Gy) compared to control. In view of the effect of irradiation on mating behavior and reproductive viability of female S. litura, 130 Gy was identified as a suitable radio-sterilization dose. Further molecular studies were conducted to corroborate this dose for female sterilization, along with a higher dose of 200 Gy in order to validate the gradational response of ionizing radiation. GC-MS analysis indicated decreased sex pheromone titer at 130 Gy, which was more pronounced at 200 Gy. Pheromone-associated genes, PBAN and PBAN-R showed decreased expression at 130 Gy, and were drastically reduced at 200 Gy. The fertility-related Vg gene also showed a negative correlation with radiation exposure. Based on these radiation responses of female S. litura, 130 Gy might be considered a suitable dose for complete female sterility and its inclusion in sterile insect programs against S. litura.
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Foster SP. Reinvestigation of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the moth Trichoplusiani reveals novel quantitative control mechanisms. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 140:103700. [PMID: 34856351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many species of moths have a common control mechanism for synthesizing sex pheromone: the circadian release of pheromone biosynthesis-activation neuropeptide (PBAN) that switches pheromone synthesis on/off during the day. One apparent exception to this is the noctuid moth Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), in which pheromone synthesis appears continuous through the photoperiod, with circadian release of PBAN controlling emission rate of pheromone during calling. Sex pheromone biosynthesis was reinvestigated in T. ni using stable isotope tracer-tracee and gland sampling techniques to ascertain how pheromone quantities in gland cells and on the gland cuticular surface varied and were controlled. It was found that (i) carbohydrate from adult female feeding is used to synthesize sex pheromone, (ii) most of the stored acetate ester pheromone component(s) is contained in gland cells, (iii) a large pool of pheromone is synthesized and stored through the photoperiod with a slow turnover rate, (iv) although pheromone is synthesized throughout the photoperiod, its rate can vary, influenced by release of PBAN and possibly by an unidentified head factor, with both affecting carbohydrate uptake into the acetyl CoA pheromone precursor pool, and (v) as suggested previously, PBAN also influences translocation of pheromone out of the cell to the cuticular surface, possibly by causing breakdown of intracellular lipid droplets storing pheromone molecules. This work suggests that the quantitative synthesis and emission of pheromone in T. ni, and possibly other moths, is regulated by multiple complementary biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Foster
- Entomology Department, School of Natural Resource Management, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
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Yao S, Zhou S, Li X, Liu X, Zhao W, Wei J, Du M, An S. Transcriptome Analysis of Ostrinia furnacalis Female Pheromone Gland: Esters Biosynthesis and Requirement for Mating Success. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:736906. [PMID: 34603212 PMCID: PMC8485726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.736906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Female moths use sex pheromones to attract males, and corresponding regulatory mechanism underlying sex pheromone biosynthesis is species-dependent. However, the detailed mechanism involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis in Ostrinia furnacalis has not yet been fully addressed. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing of O. furnacalis pheromone glands screened a serials of candidate genes involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis. Our analysis showed that sex pheromone release in O. furnacalis females arrives its peak at the 2nd scotophase, consistent with its mating behavior. Pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) was confirmed to regulate sex pheromone biosynthesis, and Ca2+ is the secondary messenger of PBAN signaling in O. furnacalis. The functional analysis of candidate genes demonstrated that the decreased mRNA levels or activities of calcineurin (CaN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) led to significant decrease in sex pheromone production and female capability to attract males, as demonstrated by RNAi-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibitor assay. Most importantly, the activities of CaN and ACC depend on the activation of PBAN/PBANR/Ca2+. Furthermore, fatty-acyl reductase 14 was involved in PBAN-mediated sex pheromone biosynthesis. Altogether, our results demonstrated that PBAN regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis through PBANR/Ca2+/CaN/ACC pathway to promote sex pheromone biosynthesis in O. furnacalis and provided a reference for non-model organism to study neuropeptide signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jizhen Wei
- *Correspondence: Jizhen Wei, ; Shiheng An,
| | | | - Shiheng An
- *Correspondence: Jizhen Wei, ; Shiheng An,
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Foster SP, Anderson KG. The Effect of Pheromone Synthesis and Gland Retraction on Translocation and Dynamics of Pheromone Release in the Moth Chloridea virescens. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:581-9. [PMID: 32601891 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most species of moths use a female-produced sex pheromone to bring mates together. Typically, sex pheromone is synthesized in a specialized gland and released during the behavior of "calling", in which the ovipositor and gland are extruded, allowing pheromone to evaporate. Although there has been much study on how a gland makes specific pheromone components, we know relatively little about how it actually functions with regard to synthesis, storage and release. In this paper, we investigated three aspects of gland function in the noctuid moth Chloridea virescens (Fabricius): (i) whether translocation of pheromone from site of synthesis to release is dependent on calling or ovipositor movement, (ii) whether pheromone synthesis rate limits release and (iii) how intermittent calling (observed in this and other species) might affect the dynamics of release rate. Firstly, by manipulating the gland to simulate calling (extruded) or non-calling (retracted), we showed that pheromone translocation occurred regardless of whether the gland was retracted or extruded. Secondly, by manipulating pheromone production, we found that females that produced more pheromone had higher release rates. It was especially noticeable that females had a higher release rate at the start of calling, which dropped rapidly and leveled off over time. Together, these data suggest that intermittent calling in C. virescens (and other species) may function to allow females to replenish pheromone stores on the gland surface between calling bouts, so that brief, high release rates occur at the start of a calling bout; thus, potentially increasing a female's chances of attracting a mate.
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Tian H, Chen Y, Lin S, Mao Q, Zheng N, Zhao J, Gu X, Wei H. Distribution of Pheromone Biosynthesis-Activating Neuropeptide in the Central Nervous System of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:2638-2648. [PMID: 31310309 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides in the pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family are actively involved in many essential endocrinal functions and serve as potential targets in the search for novel insect control agents. Here, we dissect the nervous system of larval, pupal, and adult Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and describe the ganglion morphology and localization of PBAN during different insect developmental stages. Our results show that the central nervous system (CNS) of this species consists of four types of ganglia: cerebral ganglia (brain), subesophageal ganglion (SEG), thoracic ganglia, and abdominal ganglia. A two-lobed brain is connected to the reniform SEG with a nerve cord in larvae and prepupae, whereas in the late pupae and adults, the brain and SEG are fused, forming a brain-SEG complex. The larvae and prepupae have eight abdominal ganglia each, whereas the late pupae and adults each have four abdominal ganglia. Furthermore, all life stages of P. xylostella had similar patterns of PBAN immunoreactivity in the CNS, and the accumulation of PBAN was similar during all life stages except in adult males. PBAN immunoreactive signals were observed in the brain and SEG, and fluorescence signals originating in the SEG extended the entire length of the ventral nerve cord, ending in the terminal abdominal ganglia. Our results provide morphological data that inform the development and evolution of the CNS. In addition, they indicate that the nervous system contains PBAN, which could be used to control P. xylostella populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Houjun Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
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Foster SP, Anderson KG. Production and Distribution of Aldehyde and Alcohol Sex Pheromone Components in the Pheromone Gland of Females of the Moth Chloridea virescens. J Chem Ecol 2018; 45:9-17. [PMID: 30506243 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are components of many moth sex pheromones, and are thought to be produced from analogous alcohols by oxidase(s) in the cell membrane or the gland cuticle. This implies that the two types of components are produced and/or stored in different parts of the gland: alcohols in cells and aldehydes in cuticle. Few studies have investigated the distribution of components in moth pheromone glands. Using rinse/extract sampling, stable isotope tracer/tracee methods, and decapitation/ pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide stimulation, we studied production and distribution of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) and (Z)-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) in the gland of Chloridea virescens (formerly Heliothis virescens). The rinse, which likely sampled the surface and outer cuticle, contained large amounts of aldehyde and small amounts of alcohol. By contrast, the residual extract, which likely sampled cells and less solvent-accessible (inner) cuticle, had large amounts of alcohol and small amounts of aldehyde. When a tracer (U-13C-glucose) was fed to females, the aldehyde had higher isotopic enrichment than the alcohol in the rinse, but not in the residual extract, showing that in the rinse pool, Z11-16:Ald was, on average, synthesized before Z11-16:OH. This is consistent with greater aldehyde than alcohol flux through the cuticle. While our results are consistent with cell/cuticle synthesis sites for alcohol/aldehyde components, we cannot rule out both being synthesized in gland cells. We propose two alternative conceptual models for how site of production, cuticular transport and catabolism/metabolism might explain the relative masses of Z11-16:Ald and Z11-16:OH translocated to the pheromone gland surface in female C. virescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Foster
- Entomology Department, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Karin G Anderson
- Entomology Department, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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Fodor J, Hull JJ, Köblös G, Jacquin-Joly E, Szlanka T, Fónagy A. Identification and functional characterization of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor isoforms from Mamestra brassicae. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 258:60-69. [PMID: 28579335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In most moth species, including Mamestra brassicae, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) regulates pheromone production. Generally, PBAN acts directly on the pheromone gland (PG) cells via its specific G protein-coupled receptor (i.e. PBANR) with Ca2+ as a second messenger. In this study, we identified cDNAs encoding three variants (A, B and C) of the M. brassicae PBANR (Mambr-PBANR). The full-length coding sequences were transiently expressed in cultured Trichoplusia ni cells and Sf9 cells for functional characterization. All three isoforms dose-dependently mobilized extracellular Ca2+ in response to PBAN analogs with Mambr-PBANR-C exhibiting the greatest sensitivity. Fluorescent confocal microscopy imaging studies demonstrated binding of a rhodamine red-labeled ligand (RR10CPBAN) to all three Mambr-PBANR isoforms. RR10CPBAN binding did not trigger ligand-induced internalization in cells expressing PBANR-A, but did in cells expressing the PBANR-B and -C isoforms. Furthermore, activation of the PBANR-B and -C isoforms with the 18 amino acid Mambr-pheromonotropin resulted in co-localization with a Drosophila melanogaster arrestin homolog (Kurtz), whereas stimulation with an unrelated peptide had no effect. PCR-based profiling of the three transcripts revealed a basal level of expression throughout development with a dramatic increase in PG transcripts from the day of adult emergence with PBANR-C being the most abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Joe Hull
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriella Köblös
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRA iEES-Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Route de Saint-Cyr, Cedex 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Tamás Szlanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adrien Fónagy
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
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Wei H, Chang H, Zheng L, Lin S, Chen Y, Tian H, Zhao J, Chen Y, Cai H, Gu X, Murugan K. Identification and expression profiling of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in Chlumetia transversa (Walker). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 135:89-96. [PMID: 28043337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides (NPs) in the pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family are actively involved in many essential endocrine functions. These peptides are potential targets in the search for novel insect control agents. This is the first report on the cloning and sequence determination of Chlumetia transversa (Walker) PBAN (Ct-PBAN) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The open reading frame of Ct-PBAN was 588bp in length and encoded 195 amino acids, which were assembled into five putative neuropeptides (diapause hormone homolog, α-neuropeptide, β-neuropeptide, PBAN, and γ-neuropeptide). These peptides were amidated at C-terminus and shared the conserved pentapeptide motif FXPR (or K) L. Moreover, Ct-PBAN had high homology to PBANs in Helicoverpa zea (84.1%), Helicoverpa armigera (83.5%), Helicoverpa assulta (83%), and Heliothis virescens (82.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ct-PBAN was closely related to its orthologs in the family Noctuidae. In addition, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays showed that the expression of Ct-PBAN peaked in the female head and was also detected at high levels in 1-d-old adults. These results suggested that Ct-PBAN is associated with sex pheromone biosynthesis in female C. transversa and could be used for developing C. transversa control systems based on molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxia Dian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Houjun Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Hongjiao Cai
- Fishery college, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxia Dian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Choi MY, Sanscrainte ND, Estep AS, Vander Meer RK, Becnel JJ. Identification and expression of a new member of the pyrokinin/ pban gene family in the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. J Insect Physiol 2015; 79:55-62. [PMID: 26050919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The major family of neuropeptides (NPs) derived from the pk (pyrokinin)/pban (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide) gene are defined by a common FXPRL-NH2 or similar sequence at the C-termini. This family of peptides has been found in all insect groups investigated to date and is implicated in regulating various physiological functions, including pheromone biosynthesis and diapause, but other functions are still largely unknown in specific life stages. Here we identify two isoforms of pk/pban cDNA encoding the PBAN domain from the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. The two pk/pban isoforms have the same sequence except for a 63 nucleotide difference between the long and short forms, and contain no alternative mRNA splicing site. Two NP homologues, DASGDNGSDSQRTRPPFAPRLamide and SLPFSPRLamide are expected, however, sequence corresponding to the diapause hormone was not found in the P. papatasi pk/pban gene. The PBAN-like amino acid sequence homologue SNKYMTPRL is conserved in the gene, but there is no cleavage site for processing a functional peptide. Characterizing the expression of the isoforms in developmental stages and adults indicates that the short form is differentially transcribed depending on the life stage. The P. papatasi pk/pban gene is the only known pk/pban gene with two transcriptional isoforms and from examination of endoproteolytic cleavage sites is expected to produce fewer peptides than most of the pk/pban genes elucidated to date; only Drosophila melanogaster is simpler with a single NP detected by mass spectroscopy. A phylogenetic analysis showed P. papatasi pk/pban grouped more closely with other nematoceran flies rather than higher flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yeon Choi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Neil D Sanscrainte
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Alden S Estep
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Box 43, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL 32212-0043, USA
| | - Robert K Vander Meer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - James J Becnel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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13
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Jiang H, Wei Z, Nachman RJ, Kaczmarek K, Zabrocki J, Park Y. Functional characterization of five different PRXamide receptors of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum with peptidomimetics and identification of agonists and antagonists. Peptides 2015; 68:246-52. [PMID: 25447413 PMCID: PMC4437919 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptidergic system in insects is an excellent target for pest control strategies. One promising biorational approach is the use of peptidomimetics modified from endogenous ligands to enhance biostability and bioavailability. In this study, we functionally characterized five different G protein-coupled receptors in a phylogenetic cluster, containing receptors for PRXamide in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, by evaluating a series of 70 different peptides and peptidomimetics. Three pyrokinin receptors (TcPKr-A, -B, and -C), cardioacceleratory peptide receptor (TcCAPAr) and ecdysis triggering hormone receptor (TcETHr) were included in the study. Strong agonistic or antagonistic peptidomimetics were identified, and included beta-proline (β(3)P) modification of the core amino acid residue proline and also a cyclo-peptide. It is common for a ligand to act on multiple receptors. In a number of cases, a ligand acting as an agonist on one receptor was an efficient antagonist on another receptor, suggesting complex outcomes of a peptidomimetic in a biological system. Interestingly, TcPK-A was highly promiscuous with a high number of agonists, while TcPK-C and TcCAPAr had a lower number of agonists, but a higher number of compounds acting as an antagonist. This observation suggests that a target GPCR with more promiscuity will provide better success for peptidomimetic approaches. This study is the first description of peptidomimetics on a CAPA receptor and resulted in the identification of peptidomimetic analogs that demonstrate antagonism of CAPA ligands. The PRXamide receptor assays with peptidomimetics provide useful insights into the biochemical properties of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Zhaojun Wei
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Ronald J Nachman
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, United States; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, United States; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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14
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Lu Q, Huang LY, Chen P, Yu JF, Xu J, Deng JY, Ye H. Identification and RNA Interference of the Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide ( PBAN) in the Common Cutworm Moth Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:1344-1353. [PMID: 26470263 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura F. is one of the most destructive insect pests of many agricultural crops and notorious for developing insecticide resistance. Developing environmental friendly control methods such as novel pheromone and RNAi-related control strategies is imperative to control this pest. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding the diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN) was identified and characterized in S. litura. This 809-bp transcript contains a 573-nucleotide ORF encoding a 191-amino acid protein, from which five putative neuropeptides, including PBAN, DH, and α-, β-, and γ-subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides, were derived. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both the whole protein and each of the five neuropeptides have high similarities to those of DH-PBANs from other insect orders particularly Lepidoptera. Females treated with TKYFSPRLamide (the active core fragment of PBAN) produced significantly more four types of pheromone compounds (A; B; C; D) than controls. RNA interference by injection of PBAN dsRNA significantly reduced the relative expression levels of this gene in adult females (approximately reduced by 60%). As a consequence, females treated with PBAN dsRNA produced significantly less four types of pheromone compounds (A; B; C; D) than controls. These results suggest that PBAN function in activating sex pheromone biosynthesis and the RNAi of DH-PBAN gene can be induced by the injection of dsRNA into the body cavity in S. litura. This study suggests the possibility of novel pheromone-related pest control strategies based on RNAi techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China. Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ling-Yan Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Peng Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Yu Deng
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ye
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
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15
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Shalev AH, Altstein M. Pheromonotropic and melanotropic PK/ PBAN receptors: differential ligand-receptor interactions. Peptides 2015; 63:81-9. [PMID: 25451335 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to further characterize the PK/PBAN receptors and their interaction with various PK/PBAN peptides in order to get a better understanding of their ubiquitous and multifunctional nature. Two cloned receptors stably expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells were used in this study: a Heliothis peltigera pheromone gland receptor (Hep-PK/PBAN-R) (which stimulates sex pheromone biosynthesis) and Spodoptera littoralis larval receptor (Spl-PK/PBAN-R) (which mediates cuticular melanization in moth larvae) and their ability to respond to several native PK/PBAN peptides: β-subesophageal neuropeptide (β-SGNP), myotropin (MT) and Leucophaea maderae pyrokinin (LPK), as well as linear and cyclic analogs was tested by monitoring their ability to stimulate Ca(2+) release. The receptors exhibited a differential response to β-SGNP, which activated the Hep-PK/PBAN-R but not the Spl-PK/PBAN-R - a response opposite to that previously demonstrated with diapause hormone (DH). MT was somewhat more active on Spl-PK/PBAN-R than on Hep-PK/PBAN-R. LPK elicited similar positive responses in both receptors (like that with PBAN). A differential response toward both receptors was also noticed with the PBAN-derived backbone cyclic (BBC) conformationally constrained peptide BBC-5. The peptides BBC-7 and BBC-8 activated both receptors. The results correlate between two PK/PBAN mediated function (cuticular melanization and sex pheromone biosynthesis) and the peptides that activate them and thus advance our understanding of the mode of action of the PK/PBAN family, and might help in exploring novel high-affinity receptor-specific antagonists that could serve as a basis for development of new families of insect-control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Altstein
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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16
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Abstract
Chemical communication is widely used among various organisms to obtain essential information from their environment required for life. Although a large variety of molecules have been shown to act as chemical cues, the molecular and neural basis underlying the behaviors elicited by these molecules has been revealed for only a limited number of molecules. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the signaling molecules whose flow from receptor to specific behavior has been characterized. Discussing the molecules utilized by mice, insects, and the worm, we focus on how each organism has optimized its reception system to suit its living style. We also highlight how the production of these signaling molecules is regulated, an area in which considerable progress has been recently made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ihara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, JST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Kawai T, Lee JM, Nagata K, Matsumoto S, Tanokura M, Nagasawa H. The Arginine Residue within the C-Terminal Active Core of Bombyx mori Pheromone Biosynthesis-Activating Neuropeptide is Essential for Receptor Binding and Activation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:42. [PMID: 22654866 PMCID: PMC3356082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most lepidopteran insects, the biosynthesis of sex pheromones is regulated by pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN). Bombyx mori PBAN (BomPBAN) consists of 33 amino acid residues and contains a C-terminus FSPRLamide motif as the active core. Among neuropeptides containing the FXPRLamide motif, the arginine (Arg, R) residue at the second position from the C-terminus is highly conserved across several neuropeptides, which can be designated as RXamide peptides. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the Arg residue in the BomPBAN active core. We synthesized 10-residue peptides corresponding to the C-terminal part of BomPBAN with a series of replacements at the second position from the C-terminus, termed the C2 position, and measured their efficacy in stimulating Ca(2+) influx in insect cells expressing a fluorescent PBAN receptor chimera (PBANR-EGFP) using the fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator, Fura Red-AM. The PBAN analogs with the C2 position replaced with alanine (Ala, A), aspartic acid (Asp, D), serine (Ser, S), or l-2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) decreased PBAN-like activity. R(C2)A (SKTRYFSPALamide) and R(C2)D (SKTRYFSPDLamide) had the lowest activity and could not inhibit the activity of PBAN C10 (SKTRYFSPRLamide). We also prepared Rhodamine Red-labeled peptides of the PBAN analogs and examined their ability to bind PBANR. In contrast to Rhodamine Red-PBAN C10 at 100 nM, none of the synthetic analogs exhibited PBANR binding at the same concentration. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the C2 Arg residue in BomPBAN is essential for PBANR binding and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Jae Min Lee
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteWako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteWako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
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Lee JM, Hull JJ, Kawai T, Goto C, Kurihara M, Tanokura M, Nagata K, Nagasawa H, Matsumoto S. Re-Evaluation of the PBAN Receptor Molecule: Characterization of PBANR Variants Expressed in the Pheromone Glands of Moths. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:6. [PMID: 22654850 PMCID: PMC3356081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex pheromone production in most moths is initiated following pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (PBANR) activation. PBANR was initially cloned from pheromone glands (PGs) of Helicoverpa zea and Bombyx mori. The B. mori PBANR is characterized by a relatively long C-terminus that is essential for ligand-induced internalization, whereas the H. zea PBANR has a shorter C-terminus that lacks features present in the B. mori PBANR critical for internalization. Multiple PBANRs have been reported to be concurrently expressed in the larval CNS of Heliothis virescens. In the current study, we sought to examine the prevalence of multiple PBANRs in the PGs of three moths and to ascertain their potential functional relevance. Multiple PBANR variants (As, A, B, and C) were cloned from the PGs of all species examined with PBANR-C the most highly expressed. Alternative splicing of the C-terminal coding sequence of the PBAN gene gives rise to the variants, which are distinguishable only by the length and composition of their respective C-terminal tails. Transient expression of fluorescent PBANR chimeras in insect cells revealed that PBANR-B and PBANR-C localized exclusively to the cell surface while PBANR-As and PBANR-A exhibited varying degrees of cytosolic localization. Similarly, only the PBANR-B and PBANR-C variants underwent ligand-induced internalization. Taken together, our results suggest that PBANR-C is the principal receptor molecule involved in PBAN signaling regardless of moth species. The high GC content of the C-terminal coding sequence in the B and C variants, which makes amplification using conventional polymerases difficult, likely accounts for previous "preferential" amplification of PBANR-A like receptors from other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Lee
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteWako, Japan
| | - J. Joe Hull
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Arid Land Agricultural Research CenterMaricopa, AZ, USA
- *Correspondence: J. Joe Hull, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA. e-mail: ; Shogo Matsumoto, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. e-mail:
| | - Takeshi Kawai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Goto
- Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurihara
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteWako, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteWako, Japan
- *Correspondence: J. Joe Hull, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA. e-mail: ; Shogo Matsumoto, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. e-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Neuropeptides are the largest group of insect hormones. They are produced in the central and peripheral nervous systems and affect insect development, reproduction, feeding, and behavior. A variety of neuropeptide families have been identified in insects. One of these families is the PBAN/pyrokinin family defined by a common FXPRLamide or similar amino acid fragment at the C-terminal end. These peptides, found in all insects studied thus far, have been conserved throughout evolution. The most well studied physiological function is regulation of moth sex pheromone biosynthesis through the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), although several developmental functions have also been reported. Over the past years we have extended knowledge of the PBAN/pyrokinin family of peptides to ants, focusing mainly on the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. The fire ant is one of the most studied social insects and over the last 60 years a great deal has been learned about many aspects of this ant, including the behaviors and chemistry of pheromone communication. However, virtually nothing is known about the regulation of these pheromone systems. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of PBAN/pyrokinin immunoreactive neurons in the fire ant, and identified and characterized PBAN and additional neuropeptides. We have mapped the fire ant PBAN gene structure and determined the tissue expression level in the central nervous system of the ant. We review here our research to date on the molecular structure and diversity of ant PBAN/pyrokinin peptides in preparation for determining the function of the neuropeptides in ants and other social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yeon Choi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary EntomologyGainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Man-Yeon Choi and Robert K. Vander Meer, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Dr. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. e-mail: ;
| | - Robert K. Vander Meer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary EntomologyGainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Man-Yeon Choi and Robert K. Vander Meer, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Dr. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. e-mail: ;
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20
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Abstract
Both males and females of heliothine moths utilize sex-pheromones during the mating process. Females produce and release a sex pheromone for the long-range attraction of males for mating. Production of sex pheromone in females is controlled by the peptide hormone (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, PBAN). This review will highlight what is known about the role PBAN plays in controlling pheromone production in female moths. Male moths produce compounds associated with a hairpencil structure associated with the aedaegus that are used as short-range aphrodisiacs during the mating process. We will discuss the role that PBAN plays in regulating male production of hairpencil pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Jurenka
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Ada Rafaeli
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
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