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Bondue T, Arcolino FO, Veys KRP, Adebayo OC, Levtchenko E, van den Heuvel LP, Elmonem MA. Urine-Derived Epithelial Cells as Models for Genetic Kidney Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061413. [PMID: 34204173 PMCID: PMC8230018 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells exfoliated in human urine can include cells anywhere from the urinary tract and kidneys; however, podocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are by far the most relevant cell types for the study of genetic kidney diseases. When maintained in vitro, they have been proven extremely valuable for discovering disease mechanisms and for the development of new therapies. Furthermore, cultured patient cells can individually represent their human sources and their specific variants for personalized medicine studies, which are recently gaining much interest. In this review, we summarize the methodology for establishing human podocyte and PTEC cell lines from urine and highlight their importance as kidney disease cell models. We explore the well-established and recent techniques of cell isolation, quantification, immortalization and characterization, and we describe their current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjessa Bondue
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Fanny O. Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Koenraad R. P. Veys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oyindamola C. Adebayo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A. Elmonem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11628, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Reda A, Raaijmakers A, Dorst SV, Pauwels CGGM, Allegaert K, Elmonem MA, Masereeuw R, den Heuvel LV, Levtchenko E, Arcolino FO. A Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Model to Explore a Knowledge Gap on Neonatal Drug Disposition. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:5911-5918. [PMID: 28990525 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666171009143146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding the right drug-dosage for neonates is still a challenge. Until now, neonatal doses are extrapolated from adults and children doses. However, there are differences between neonatal and adult kidney physiology that should be considered, especially when it comes to drug metabolism and/or transport. Studying renal drug disposition in neonates is limited by the lack of reliable human cell models. OBJECTIVE To illustrate the feasibility of developing an in vitro model for neonatal proximal tubule epithelial cells (nPTECs) to study renal drug disposition at this age. METHOD nPTECs were isolated from urine samples of neonates of different gestational ages and were conditionally immortalized using a temperature sensitive SV40T antigen and human telomerase hTERT. Cell clones were characterized on gene expression level for PTEC markers such as P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), aquaporin1 (AQP1), and organic cation transport protein 2 (SLC22A2), and for kidney progenitor cell and podocyte markers. In addition, protein expression and functional assessment were performed for P-gp and OCT2. RESULTS We established 101 clonal cell lines of conditionally immortalized nPTECs derived from neonatal urines. Characterization of primary cells lines showed expression of genes from different cell types such as progenitors, PTECs and podocytes, however the developed conditionally immortalized nPTECs only expressed proximal tubule markers. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the expression of proximal tubule markers in nPTECs similar to the adult control PTECs. P-gp was expressed in nPTECs derived from the different gestational ages with a similar functionality compared with adult derived PTECs. In contrast, OCT2 functionality was significantly lower in nPTEC cell lines compared with adult PTECs. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the feasibility of culturing proximal tubule epithelial cells with high efficiency from urine of neonates. These cells expressed PTEC-specific genes and functional drug transporters. The cell model presented is a valuable tool to study proximal tubule physiology and pharmacology in newborns. In addition, we demonstrate the physiological differences between the neonatal and adult kidney, which emphasizes the importance of studying drug disposition in neonatal models instead of extrapolating from adult data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Reda
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Raaijmakers
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. (Herestraat 49. 3000, Leuven, Belgium)
| | - Saskia van Dorst
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte G G M Pauwels
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A Elmonem
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lambertus van den Heuvel
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. (Herestraat 49. 3000, Leuven, Belgium).,Radboud UMC, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. (6500 HB Box 9101, Nijmegen, Netherlands)
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. (Herestraat 49. 3000, Leuven, Belgium)
| | - Fanny Oliveira Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Liu J, Huang K, Cai GY, Chen XM, Yang JR, Lin LR, Yang J, Huo BG, Zhan J, He YN. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products promotes premature senescence of proximal tubular epithelial cells via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent p21 signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 26:110-21. [PMID: 24113348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Premature senescence is a key process in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In our study, we hypothesized that receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) mediate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to induce premature senescence via p21 signaling activation in diabetic nephropathy. Here, we demonstrated that elevated expression of RAGE, ER stress marker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and cell-cycle regulator p21 was all positively correlated with enhanced senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity in DN patients. In addition, the fraction of SA-β-gal or cells in the G0G1 phase were enhanced in cultured mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) and the expression of RAGE, GRP78 and p21 was up-regulated by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, ER stress inducers or RAGE overexpression mimicked AGEs induced-premature senescence, and this was significantly suppressed by p21 gene silencing. However, RAGE blocking successfully attenuated AGEs-induced ER stress and p21 expression, as well as premature senescence. Moreover, ER stress inducers directly caused p21 activation, premature senescence, and also enhanced RAGE expression by positive feedback. These observations suggest that RAGE promotes premature senescence of PTECs by activation of ER stress-dependent p21 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Kidney Center and Key Laboratory of the People's Liberation Army, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Military Medical Postgraduate College, Beijing 100853, China; Dazhou Military Hospital of Chinese PLA, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
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