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Reis LS, de Oliveira PE, Yao Q. A comprehensive procedure for pollen extraction from bat guano deposits in organic and detrital matrices. MethodsX 2023; 11:102405. [PMID: 37830001 PMCID: PMC10565863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bat guano deposits have been proven to be excellent environmental archives for paleoecological and paleoclimate studies, the development of a standardized method specially catering to pollen extraction has received no attention so far. In general, the processing procedure is quite similar among published studies, but adjustments must be made regarding the proportion of organic and particulate matter in the guano deposit. In this study, we present step-by-step optimized sample processing methods for pollen analysis. These procedures first apply a chemical treatment for the removal of siliceous and organic material, followed by a sieving step to remove the remaining inorganic matter from those samples with high detrital content. Overall, our methods can efficiently remove particulate matter and improve the quality of the final residue, resulting in cleaner slides and better visualization of pollen and spores.•Remove humic acid and organic material with Potassium hydroxide.•Remove inorganic matter with hydrofluoric acid and sieving.•Concentrate and store the pollen residues in glycerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Santos Reis
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Geoscience, Department of Sedimentary and Environmental Geology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo de Oliveira
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Geoscience, Department of Sedimentary and Environmental Geology, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qiang Yao
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Pillai SSK, Manoj MC, Mathews RP, Murthy S, Sahoo M, Saxena A, Sharma A, Pradhan S, Kumar S. Lower Permian Gondwana sequence of Rajhara (Daltonganj Coalfield), Damodar Basin, India: floristic and geochemical records and their implications on marine ingressions and depositional environment. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:6923-6953. [PMID: 36890214 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early Permian floral diversity and palaeodepositional environment of the Lower Permian Rajhara sequence of Damodar Basin have been studied based on mega-, microfossil and geochemical proxies. Even though Gondwana sediments are generally considered as fluvio-lacustrine deposits, recent studies indicate marine inundations with patchy records. Here in the present study, an attempt has been made to address the changeover from fluviatile to shallow marine conditions and also to address the palaeodepositional aspects. Luxuriant vegetation during deposition of the Lower Barakar Formation generated thick coal seams. The macroplant fossil assemblage shows Glossopteridales, Cordaitales and Equisetales comprising one palynoassemblage with the dominance of bisaccate pollen grains having glossopterid affinities. However, Lycopsids are absent in the megafloral record and are represented in megaspore assemblage. The present floral assemblage led to envisage the presence of dense forest with swampy conditions and prevalence of warm and humid climate during the deposition of Barakar sediments. Correlation with the coeval Indian assemblages and those from other Gondwanan continents also supports an Artinskian age and reveals a stronger affinity with flora of Africa than that of South America. Biomarker analysis reveals low pristane/phytane values (0.30-0.84), noticeable absence of hopanoid triterpenoids and long-chain n-alkanes that is attributed to the obliteration of organic compounds and subsequent alteration of composition due to thermal effect. The high chemical index of alteration, A-CN-K plot and PIA also suggest severe denudation under a warm/humid climate. The V/Al2O3 and P2O5/Al2O3 indicated freshwater-near-shore conditions. However, signature of possible marine influence is identified from Th/U and Sr/Ba ratios resulted from the eustatic fluctuations during Permian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Suresh Kumar Pillai
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - M C Manoj
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Runcie Paul Mathews
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Srikanta Murthy
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mrutyunjaya Sahoo
- Department of Geology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India
| | - Anju Saxena
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anupam Sharma
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pradhan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sambalpur University, Samabalpur, 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Suraj Kumar
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Yao Q, Liu KB, Rodrigues E. An improved preparation procedure for pollen samples from coastal clastic sediments. MethodsX 2023; 10:102016. [PMID: 36703707 PMCID: PMC9871300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Palynological analysis is a time-tested analytical method in the field of geology, geography, and archaeology across the globe. However, a major problem in palynology is that due to the dynamic nature of coastal and lake settings, sediment samples from these environments usually contain large proportion of clastic materials that are difficult to remove and isolate from pollen grains. In this study, we present a step-by-step procedure of an optimized preparation method to eliminate the organic and clastic materials and concentrate the pollen grains. We also present some insights on how to prepare a clean microscopic slide with intact pollen grains. We believe this procedure can successfully eliminate organic and clastic materials and concentrate the pollen grains to produce an ideal microscopic slide for pollen analysis.•Extract samples and eliminate carbonate materials with hydrochloric acid.•Remove organic materials with potassium hydroxide.•Remove clastic materials with sieving and hydrofluoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences and Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Kam-biu Liu
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences and Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Erika Rodrigues
- Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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