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Lin S, Ryan I, Paul S, Deng X, Zhang W, Luo G, Dong GH, Nair A, Yu F. Particle surface area, ultrafine particle number concentration, and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Environ Pollut 2022; 310:119795. [PMID: 35863707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While the health impacts of larger particulate matter, such as PM10 and PM2.5, have been studied extensively, research regarding ultrafine particles (UFPs or PM0.1) and particle surface area concentration (PSC) is lacking. This case-crossover study assessed the associations between exposure to PSC and UFP number concentration (UFPnc) and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in New York State (NYS), 2013-2018. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design to compare the PSC and UFPnc levels between hospitalization days and control days (similar days without admissions) for each CVD case. We utilized NYS hospital discharge data to identify all CVD cases who resided in NYS. UFP simulation data from GEOS-Chem-APM, a state-of-the-art chemical transport model, was used to define PSC and UFPnc. Using a multi-pollutant model and conditional logistic regression, we assessed excess risk (ER)% per inter-quartile change of PSC and UFPnc after controlling for meteorological factors, co-pollutants, and time-varying variables. We found immediate and lasting associations between PSC and overall CVDs (lag0-lag0-6: ERs% (95% CI%) ranges: 0.4 (0.1,0.7) - 0.9 (0.7-1.2), and delayed and prolonged ERs%: 0.1-0.3 (95% CIs: 0.1-0.5) between UFPnc and CVDs (lag0-3-lag0-6). Exposure to larger PSC was associated with immediate ER increases in stroke, hypertension, and ischemic heart diseases (1.1%, 0.7%, 0.8%, respectively, all p < 0.05). The adverse effects of PSC on CVDs were highest among children (5-17 years old), in the fall and winter, and during cold temperatures. In conclusion, we found an immediate, lasting effects of PSC on overall CVDs and a delayed, prolonged impact of UFPnc. PSC was a more sensitive indicator than UFPnc. The PSC effects were higher among certain CVD subtypes, in children, in certain seasons, and during cold days. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and evaluate the long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
| | - Ian Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Sanchita Paul
- Department of Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Xinlei Deng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arshad Nair
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Fangqun Yu
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Kawai S, Niwano M, Sato M. A risk assessment framework for self-management of poorly soluble low toxic nanomaterials. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02165. [PMID: 31453392 PMCID: PMC6700412 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of nanomaterials is still being debated and the risk should be assessed using the latest available information. As for poorly soluble low toxic (PSLT) nanomaterials, the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health estimated the occupational exposure limit (OEL) for titanium dioxide (TiO2) based on a particle surface area (SA) metric. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) suggested a tiered exposure assessment approach. This article proposes a risk assessment framework for self-management of PSLT particles. Lung burden (described in SA units), which had positive correlation with low observed adverse effect levels for PSLT particles, is chosen as the dose metric. In-house OEL is determined for individual workplaces. For materials with limited data, we suggest evaluating in-house OEL by utilizing the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for TiO2, as a representative PSLT nanomaterial. As for the exposure assessment, workplace concentration is first measured with simple equipment (ex. optical particle counter, OPC), and respirator performance is taken into account if it is unavoidable as a last resort. This framework enables efficient risk assessment for PSLT particles by assuming worst cases for each step, and considering the particle characteristics and operational conditions in each workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kawai
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-1-98, Kasugadenaka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Masanori Niwano
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-1-98, Kasugadenaka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sato
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-1-98, Kasugadenaka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
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Westberg H, Hedbrant A, Persson A, Bryngelsson IL, Johansson A, Ericsson A, Sjögren B, Stockfelt L, Särndahl E, Andersson L. Inflammatory and coagulatory markers and exposure to different size fractions of particle mass, number and surface area air concentrations in Swedish iron foundries, in particular respirable quartz. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:1087-1098. [PMID: 31165309 PMCID: PMC6814634 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To study the relationship between inhalation of airborne particles and quartz in Swedish iron foundries and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood. Methods Personal sampling of respirable dust and quartz was performed for 85 subjects in three Swedish iron foundries. Stationary measurements were used to study the concentrations of respirable dust and quartz, inhalable and total dust, PM10 and PM2.5, as well as the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. Markers of inflammation, namely interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12), C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in plasma or serum, together with markers of coagulation including fibrinogen, factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor and d-dimer. Complete sampling was performed on the second or third day of a working week after a work-free weekend, and follow-up samples were collected 2 days later. A mixed model analysis was performed including sex, age, smoking, infections, blood group, sampling day and BMI as covariates. Results The average 8-h time-weighted average air concentrations of respirable dust and quartz were 0.85 mg/m3 and 0.052 mg/m3, respectively. Participants in high-exposure groups with respect to some of the measured particle types exhibited significantly elevated levels of SAA, fibrinogen and FVIII. Conclusions These observed relationships between particle exposure and inflammatory markers may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among foundry workers with high particulate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Westberg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden. .,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ing-Liss Bryngelsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Annette Ericsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sjögren
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, PB 414, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lena Andersson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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Stabile L, Massimo A, Rizza V, D'Apuzzo M, Evangelisti A, Scungio M, Frattolillo A, Cortellessa G, Buonanno G. A novel approach to evaluate the lung cancer risk of airborne particles emitted in a city. Sci Total Environ 2019; 656:1032-1042. [PMID: 30625635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Air quality still represents a main threat to human health in cities. Even in developed countries, decades of air pollution control not yet allowed to reduce pollutant concentrations in urban areas adequately. Indeed, high airborne particle concentrations are measured in several European cities; this is a main issue since particles represent a carrier for carcinogenic compounds. Numerous researches measuring the exposure to the different aerosol metrics in urban areas were recently performed, nonetheless, few data on the lung cancer risk in such environments are available. In the present paper a novel approach to evaluate the lung cancer risk related to the airborne particles emitted by the different sources located in a city is proposed and applied to a pilot case-study (i.e. an Italian city). In particular, an existing lung cancer risk model was modified and applied to assess the particle-related lung cancer "emitted" by the different sources of the city using pollutant emission factors provided by accredited emission inventory databases. Therefore, the average toxicity of the particles emitted by the city (i.e. lung cancer slope factor) and the lung cancer risk globally emitted by the city, expressed as new cases of lung cancer, were evaluated. The proposed emission inventory also allowed to identify and localize the main contributors to the overall risk emitted in a city. As an example, for the city under investigation, the research revealed that the main contributor, amongst the sources considered, is the vehicular traffic which is characterized by a lower mass fraction of carcinogenic compounds but a much higher sub-micron particle emission with respect to the other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - A Massimo
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - V Rizza
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - M D'Apuzzo
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - A Evangelisti
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - M Scungio
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Frattolillo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Cortellessa
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - G Buonanno
- Department of Engineering, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Stabile L, Buonanno G, Avino P, Frattolillo A, Guerriero E. Indoor exposure to particles emitted by biomass-burning heating systems and evaluation of dose and lung cancer risk received by population. Environ Pollut 2018; 235:65-73. [PMID: 29274539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Homes represent a critical microenvironment in terms of air quality due to the proximity to main particle sources and the lack of proper ventilation systems. Biomass-fed heating systems are still extensively used worldwide, then likely emitting a significant amount of particles in indoor environments. Nonetheless, research on biomass emissions are limited to their effects on outdoor air quality then not properly investigating the emission in indoor environments. To this purpose, the present paper aims to evaluate the exposure to different airborne particle metrics (including both sub- and super-micron particles) and attached carcinogenic compounds in dwellings where three different heating systems were used: open fireplaces, closed fireplaces and pellet stoves. Measurements in terms of particle number, lung-deposited surface area, and PM fraction concentrations were measured during the biomass combustion activities, moreover, PM10 samples were collected and chemically analyzed to obtain mass fractions of carcinogenic compounds attached onto particles. Airborne particle doses received by people exposed in such environments were evaluated as well as their excess lung cancer risk. Most probable surface area extra-doses received by people exposed to open fireplaces on hourly basis (56 mm2 h-1) resulted one order of magnitude larger than those experienced for exposure to closed fireplaces and pellet stoves. Lifetime extra risk of Italian people exposed to the heating systems under investigation were larger than the acceptable lifetime risk (10-5): in particular, the risk due to the open fireplace (8.8 × 10-3) was non-negligible when compared to the overall lung cancer risk of typical Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino FR, Italy.
| | - G Buonanno
- Department of Engineering, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino FR, Italy
| | - P Avino
- D.I.P.I.A., INAIL Settore Ricerca, via Urbana 167, I-00184 Rome, Italy; DIAAA, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, Campobasso, Italy
| | - A Frattolillo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Guerriero
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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Rückerl R, Schneider A, Hampel R, Breitner S, Cyrys J, Kraus U, Gu J, Soentgen J, Koenig W, Peters A. Association of novel metrics of particulate matter with vascular markers of inflammation and coagulation in susceptible populations -results from a panel study. Environ Res 2016; 150:337-347. [PMID: 27344265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological studies have shown adverse effects of ambient air pollutants on health with inflammation and oxidative stress playing an important role. We examine the association between blood biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation and physical attributes of particulate matter which are not routinely measured such as particle length or surface area concentration and apparent density of PM. METHODS Between 3/2007 and 12/2008 187 non-smoking individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were examined within the framework of the KORA Study in Augsburg, Germany. In addition, we selected 87 participants with a potential genetic predisposition on detoxifying and inflammatory pathways. This was defined by the null polymorphism for glutathione S-transferase M1 in combination with a certain single nucleotide polymorphism on the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene (rs1205) or the fibrinogen gene (rs1800790). Participants had blood drawn up to seven different times, resulting in 1765 blood samples. Air pollutants were collected at a central measurement station and individual 24-h averages calculated. Associations between air pollutants and high sensitivity CRP, myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)-6 and fibrinogen were analysed using additive mixed models. RESULTS For the panel with genetic susceptibility, increases were seen for CRP and MPO with most attributes, specifically particle length and active surface concentration. The %change of geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals for the 5-day average exposure for CRP and MPO were 34.6% [21.8;48.8] and 8.3% [3.2;13.6] per interquartile range increase of particle length concentration and 29.8% [15.9;45.3] and 10.4 [4.4;16.7] for active surface area. Results for the panel of T2D and IGT and the other blood biomarkers were less conclusive. CONCLUSIONS Particle length concentration and active surface concentration showed strong positive associations with blood biomarkers reflecting inflammation. These air pollution metrics might reflect harmful aerosol properties better than particulate mass or number concentration. They might therefore be important for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Rückerl
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Josef Cyrys
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Ute Kraus
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jianwei Gu
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jens Soentgen
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Klinik für Herz-& Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Germany.
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Vahabzadeh S, Edgington J, Bose S. Tricalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone particulate composite for controlled release of protein. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2013; 33:3576-82. [PMID: 23910252 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with three different particle size ranges was used to study the effects of particle size and surface area on protein adsorption and release. Polycaprolactone (PCL) coating was applied on the particle systems to investigate its effect on particulate system properties from both structural and application aspects. The maximum loading of 27 mg/g was achieved for 100 nm particles. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading amount was controlled by varying the BSA loading solution concentration, as well as the sample powder's surface area. Increasing the surface area of the delivery powder significantly increased loading and release yield. Unlike the samples with low surface area, the lowest particle size samples showed sigmoidal release profile. This indicated that release was governed by different mechanisms for particles with different sizes. While the majority of samples showed no more than 50% release, the 550 nm particles demonstrated 100% release. PCL coating showed no significant ability to attenuate burst release in PBS. However, it led to a steadier release profile as compared to the bare TCP particles. FTIR analysis also proved that the secondary structure of BSA did not change significantly during the adsorption; however, minor denaturation was found during the release. The same results were found when PCL coating was applied on the TCP particles. We envision potential use of TCP and TCP+PCL systems in bone growth factor or orthopedic drug delivery applications in future bone tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Vahabzadeh
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA
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