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Sezer HK, Ceran MA, Demirsoz M, Kucukoglu S. Development and psychometric evaluation of the paternal support scale of breastfeeding. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 75:149-157. [PMID: 38159480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support positively affects the adaptation process of the woman to the maternal role during pregnancy and the postpartum period and increases her sensitivity to her baby. It is known that the support provided by fathers to their wives during this process positively affects their decision to breastfeed and continue. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature by the Paternal Support Scale of Breastfeeding, testing its validity, reliability and psychometric properties. METHODS The study, which included 203 fathers with babies 0-6 months of age who were actively breastfed between January and June 2022, was completed in a Medical Faculty Hospital at Konya in Turkey. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated with exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, number/percentage, t-test for dependent and independent groups and correlation analysis were used in the evaluation of the data. RESULTS Total item correlation coefficient of this scale was found to vary between 0.63 and 0.81. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results the goodness-of-fit index values of the scale indicated that the model has an acceptable fitness, and the 21-item one-dimensional scale has confirmed validity. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that this scale is a good reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate levels of paternal support in breastfeeding. The scale can be adapted to different cultures, and cross-cultural comparisons can be planned in future studies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Spouse and family support increases breastfeeding success. Due to their active role in the decisions made within the family, fathers positively influence mothers' breastfeeding decisions and increase mothers' motivation to continue breastfeeding. This measurement tool, developed to measure partner support in breastfeeding, helps nurses, to determine fathers' support levels in breastfeeding. In this way, nurses can contribute to increasing the duration of breastfeeding by making effective interventions for the solution of partner support problems related to breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kurt Sezer
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Zubeyde Hanim Faculty of Health Sciences, Türkiye.
| | - Merve Aşkin Ceran
- KTO Karatay University, Vocational School of Health Services, Konya, Türkiye
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Walsh TB, Thomas A, Quince H, Buck J, Tamkin V, Blackwell D. Black fathers' contributions to maternal mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:117-126. [PMID: 36525158 PMCID: PMC10184460 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This mixed-methods research study aimed to assess the contribution of interparental relationship quality and paternal support for mothers to maternal mental health among Black parents in a metro area characterized by severe racial disparities. We also explored Black parents' understanding of meaningful paternal support for mothers. Using survey data collected from Black mothers (N = 75), we examined correlations among the study variables, then conducted mediation and moderation analyses to examine whether relationship quality would mediate the association between paternal support and maternal mental health and to test whether relationship quality would moderate the association between paternal support and maternal self-reported overall health. We used inductive thematic analysis to analyze data from focus groups with Black parents (N = 15). We found that mothers' mental health was positively correlated with relationship quality, mothers' subjective health was positively correlated with paternal support, and relationship quality significantly mediates the relationship between paternal support and maternal mental health while controlling for relationship status. Our thematic analysis yielded four themes to characterize meaningful paternal support for mothers and a high quality interparental relationship: (1) Teammates; (2) Multidimensional, everyday support; (3) Communication is key; and (4) Challenge racism and disrupt intergenerational trauma. Findings suggest that paternal support and interparental relationship quality can play a protective role, promoting maternal mental health and wellbeing. Providers of perinatal services should support Black parents to support one another, including as advocates in confronting racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova B Walsh
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Alvin Thomas
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helenia Quince
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacqueline Buck
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivian Tamkin
- School of Education & Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
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Chen P. Inner child of the past: long-term protective role of childhood relationships with mothers and fathers and maternal support for mental health in middle and late adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1399-1416. [PMID: 34842965 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE National longitudinal studies that investigate the long-term association between early family life and mental health in middle and older adulthood are limited. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the protective effect of positive childhood relationships with mothers and fathers and parental support against depression among women and men in middle and late adulthood. METHODS The sample of 12,606 adults (7319 females; 5287 males) from the US Health and Retirement Study was nationally representative with the inclusion of 7 depression measures from 2008 to 2018. Two depression measures, CESD-8 scale and binary indicators of severe depressive symptoms, were used. Generalized estimation equations (GEE)-negative binomial models were estimated for CESD-8 and GEE-logit models were estimated for the binary indicator of severe depression. This study aimed to assess how positive parent-child relationships and maternal support protect the mental health of women and men in adulthood. Other risk and psychosocial factors, such as childhood depression, traumatic life events, stressful life events, marital status, and social support in adulthood were adjusted for. RESULTS Positive childhood relationships with mothers, fathers, or both parents and increased maternal support were associated with a lower risk of depression among both females and males from middle to old age, even if they experienced trauma, stressful life events, divorce, singlehood, widowhood, or little social support. Females benefited more psychologically than males from positive mother-daughter relationships and high-quality relationships with both parents. However, compared to mother-child relationships, positive father-child relationships protected men better psychosocially than females. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of fathers' roles in promoting their children's, especially sons', emotional well-being. Interventions in early mother-child and father-child relationships and parental support are crucial for healthy aging in mental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #8180, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8180, USA.
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Srisopa P, Lucas R. Maternal perception of paternal breastfeeding support: A secondary qualitative analysis. Midwifery 2021; 102:103067. [PMID: 34182402 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe how women perceive paternal support of breastfeeding and identify actions women value during the early breastfeeding postpartum. DESIGN A qualitative secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis collected after birth and via telephone at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after discharge. SETTING A regional medical center in the southeast region of the United States. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two women yielded 130 transcripts with 32 transcripts conducted after birth, and 19, 16, 27, and 36 transcripts conducted after discharge via telephone at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. FINDING Women reported three themes of paternal support of breastfeeding (1) participating in the breastfeeding decision, (2) being a partner of breastfeeding, and (3) caring for breastfeeding mothers. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE Paternal support of breastfeeding is a learning process that requires teamwork for women and their partners to master breastfeeding. Women and their partners as co-parents solve breastfeeding problems and achieve their breastfeeding goals, which promotes maternal well-being and bonding with their infants. Future interventions will guide partners to support breastfeeding and women's postpartum physical and psychological needs.
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Mohd Shukri NH, Wells J, Fewtrell M. Differences in maternal characteristics and their associations with breastfeeding attitudes among primiparous mothers. Midwifery 2021; 95:102931. [PMID: 33540157 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of breastfeeding are well documented, yet substantially below half of all mothers globally meet the recommendation to exclusively breast-feed for 6 months. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether there were differences in maternal factors, including maternal characteristics and breastfeeding attitudes, between those who were eligible versus non-eligible to be included in a randomised trial, as exclusive breastfeeding was the eligibility criteria for the trial. It also aimed to investigate associations between maternal factors and breastfeeding attitudes. METHOD Primiparous pregnant mothers (n=88) completed questionnaires on demographic factors including maternity care and breastfeeding attitude using self-administered questionnaire and Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS). Two weeks post-birth, mothers were screened for eligibility to be included in a randomised trial including assessing for exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Findings were compared between inclusion (all EBF mothers) and exclusion groups (non-EBF). RESULTS Inclusion group mothers were significantly younger than those in the exclusion group (26.7±2.8 v 28.5±2.5, p=0.007) and the majority had their husband as the primary maternity care person after birth (X2=12.8, p=0.01). Inclusion group mothers had a more positive perception toward breastfeeding in public and at work on the IIFAS scale (p<0.05). The overall IIFAS score was positively associated with higher breastfeeding confidence (r=0.285, p=0.008), education levels (r=0.31, p=0.003), household income (r=0.32, p=0.003), and age (r=0.28, p=0.008). CONCLUSION EBF mothers (inclusion group) tend to be younger, had husband as primary care, and have more positive perception towards breastfeeding outside home. Overall, maternal characteristics and paternal support could influence breastfeeding practices and should be targeted for future intervention. Maternal attitude and perceptions about breastfeeding in public could be improved to encourage exclusive breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
| | - Jonathan Wells
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
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Godbole NB, Moberg MS, Patel P, Kosambiya J, Salihu HM, Campos EA, Menezes L, Verma R, Wilson R. Paternal Involvement and Adverse Birth Outcomes in South Gujarat, India. Int J MCH AIDS 2020; 9:161-166. [PMID: 32123641 PMCID: PMC7031884 DOI: 10.21106/ijma.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While the impact of maternal factors on birth outcomes are widely reported, the extent to which paternal involvement and varying cultural family dynamics influence birth outcomes particularly in an international context, remain understudied. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between paternal involvement and adverse birth outcomes in South Gujarat, India. METHODS An in-person questionnaire was administered to adult women at delivery or during the one-month postpartum visit at New Civil Hospital, in South Gujarat, India between May and June 2016 to assess level of paternal support and attendance at prenatal appointments and household structure. Pregnancy variables including birthweight and gestational age at delivery were collected from maternal and newborn record/chart review. Chi-square and t-test were used to assess demographics, as appropriate. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between paternal involvement and pregnancy birth outcomes. RESULTS Of the 404 infants born during the study period, 26.7% were premature (<37 weeks gestation) and 29% were of low birth weight (<2500g). More than 40% of the women surveyed reported their in-laws were the primary household decision-makers; however, those who reported high paternal attendance were less likely to report in-laws as the primary decision-maker (p=0.03). Adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated the odds of delivering a low birth weight infant were greater among mothers who reported low paternal support and low paternal attendance at prenatal visits (OR=2.99 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.84-4.86) and OR=2.16 (95% CI: 1.35-3.47), respectively). CONCLUSION AND GLOBAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS Low paternal support during pregnancy may be a missed opportunity to increase healthy practices during pregnancy as well as decrease the risks associated with limited social support during pregnancy. It is important to consider varying socio-cultural family dynamics in different populations and how they may influence paternal involvement during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur B Godbole
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Megan S Moberg
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Parth Patel
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jayesh Kosambiya
- Department of P&SM, Medical College New Civil Hospital, Surat, India
| | - Hamisu M Salihu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 3701 Kirby Drive, MS: BCM700, Houston, TX 77098, USA
| | - Elba Adriana Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lynette Menezes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ragini Verma
- Department of OBGYN, Medical College New Civil Hospital, Surat, India
| | - Ronee Wilson
- Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Cyr M, Allard MA, Fernet M, Hébert M. Paternal support for child sexual abuse victims: A qualitative study. Child Abuse Negl 2019; 95:104049. [PMID: 31254950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current state of knowledge regarding the role of non-offending fathers in supporting their sexually abused children is very scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to further our understanding of fathers' roles following disclosure of their children's sexual abuse (SA) by evaluating fathers' perceptions of the impact of disclosure on their involvement and support of their children. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD This qualitative study relies on individual semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 fathers of allegedly abused children. RESULTS Inductive thematic analysis first highlighted that some reported a period of disengagement from the child during which they put into question their role and attitudes, followed by a period of re-involvement. This period of difficulties experienced by some fathers in regard to their involvement towards their children was due to either their own important psychological distress, their ambivalence towards their child or even because of feelings of uneasiness experienced during physical contact with them. Despite this, findings indicate the presence of thoughts and attitudes that suggest children are a source of concern for fathers. The four forms of abuse-specific support previously observed among mothers (believing the child, seeking out professional services, protecting him/her from the offender, supporting him/her emotionally) were also observed among fathers. In accordance with the activation theory, a form of support specific to fathers, namely, encouraging the child to open up to and explore the world outside the family, thereby, fostering the child's self-esteem development, was observed and constitutes a relevant finding. CONCLUSION Clinical and empirical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Cyr
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Marie-Alexia Allard
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mylène Fernet
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Martine Hébert
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Pao C, Guintivano J, Santos H, Meltzer-Brody S. Postpartum depression and social support in a racially and ethnically diverse population of women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:105-14. [PMID: 29968129 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lack of social support is an important risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD), whereas the presence of social support can buffer against PPD. However, the relationship between social support and PPD in racial/ethnic minority women is still largely unknown. Our purpose was to examine the role of social support in a large, diverse population of PPD cases and controls. Participants (N = 1517) were recruited at the routine 6-week postpartum visit (± 1-2 weeks) from four different outpatient clinics in North Carolina. Case status was determined using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Social support was measured using the Medical Outcomes Social (MOS) Support survey and the Baby's Father Support Scale (DAD). We found that higher levels of social support had a strong protective association against PPD (MOS total score OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.27; p = 6.92E-90; DAD total score OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.88-0.92; p = 1.69E-29), and the effects of social support did not differ when accounting for race/ethnicity. Additionally, PPD symptom severity is significantly and negatively correlated with the degree of social support. Our findings suggest that multi-dimensional aspects of social support may be protective for racial/ethnic minority women. We believe this study is currently the largest and most robust characterizing PPD case status and its association with social support in a diverse cohort of mothers. Future work is required to understand how best to implement culturally sensitive interventions to increase social support in minority perinatal women.
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