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Laufer J, Scasso S, Kimelman D, Olmedo C, Bentancor V, Soust A, Sotero G, Ribeiro R. Uterine transposition in a patient with vulvar cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 52:101337. [PMID: 38404910 PMCID: PMC10885611 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the first uterine transposition for fertility preservation in a patient with vulvar cancer.Case: A 26-year-old nulliparous patient with stage IIIB vulvar cancer, which was resected with adequate margins and bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy.Laparoscopic transposition of the uterus to the upper abdomen, outside of the scope of radiation was performed to preserve fertility and ovarian function. After the end of radiotherapy, the uterus was repositioned into the pelvis.Main Outcome Measure: Uterine and ovarian function preservation. Result The patient recovered her menstrual cycles spontaneously 1 month after the reimplantation and exhibited normal variation in ovarian hormones.Twelve months after the surgery, the uterus was normal and there was no sign of recurrent disease. Conclusion Uterine transposition might represent a valid option for fertility preservation in women who require pelvic radiotherapy. However, studies that assess its viability, effectiveness, and safety are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Laufer
- Department of Gynecology C, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Scasso
- Department of Gynecology, British Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dana Kimelman
- Oncofertility Program. Hospital Pereira Rossell, ASSE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Olmedo
- Department of Gynecology C, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Bentancor
- Department of Gynecology C, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anne Soust
- Department of Gynecology C, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Sotero
- Department of Gynecology C, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Reitan Ribeiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
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2
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Biran A, Dobson C, Rees C, Brooks-Pearson R, Cunliffe A, Durrant L, Hancock J, Ludlow H, Neilson L, Wilson A, Sharp L. From pelvic radiation to social isolation: a qualitative study of survivors' experiences of chronic bowel symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-023-01527-6. [PMID: 38182936 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored survivors' experiences of chronic bowel symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy, strategies employed in living with these symptoms, effects on daily activities, and roles at home and in the workplace. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 individuals (10 gynaecological, 14 prostate, four anal/rectal cancer survivors) who had completed pelvic radiotherapy at least six months prior to data collection and who had experience of bowel symptoms during this post-treatment period. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. RESULTS We propose four themes describing a process leading from experience of symptoms to withdrawal from activities and roles. These are (1) losing control (the experience of unintended anal leakage or discharge); (2) experiencing embarrassment and fear (the experience of embarrassment or fear of embarrassment as a result of discharge becoming public); (3) managing and reacting (acting to reduce the likelihood of discharge or to prevent this becoming public); and (4) restriction and withdrawal (avoiding specific activities or situations so as to reduce or remove the risk of embarrassment). Returning to the workplace presented additional challenges across these themes. CONCLUSIONS Impacts of chronic bowel symptoms can be severe. Survivors employ a variety of methods and strategies in living with their symptoms. Some of these support continued role fulfilment but some constitute a withdrawal from pre-treatment roles. Current healthcare provision and statutory protections fail to fully meet needs following pelvic radiotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS There is a need to develop and implement evidence-based services and supported self-management programmes for survivors experiencing chronic bowel problems post-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Biran
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Dobson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Rees
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Brooks-Pearson
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Cunliffe
- South East London Cancer Alliance, London, UK
| | - L Durrant
- Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
| | - J Hancock
- North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-On-Tees, UK
| | - H Ludlow
- Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Neilson
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, South Shields, UK
| | - A Wilson
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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3
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Venkidesh BS, Narasimhamurthy RK, Jnana A, Reghunathan D, Sharan K, Chandraguthi SG, Saigal M, Murali TS, Mumbrekar KD. Pelvic irradiation induces behavioural and neuronal damage through gut dysbiosis in a rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110775. [PMID: 37866488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure can cause gut dysbiosis and there is a positive correlation between gut microbial imbalance and radiation-induced side effects in cancer patients. However, the influence of radiation on the gut-brain axis (GBA) and its neurological consequences are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of pelvic irradiation on gut microbiota and the brain. Sprague Dawley rats were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy, and faecal samples were collected at different time points (7 and 12-days post-irradiation) for microbial analysis. Behavioural, histological, and gene expression analysis were performed to assess the effect of microbial dysbiosis on the brain. The findings indicated alterations in microbial diversity, disrupted intestinal morphology and integrity, neuronal death-related brain changes, neuroinflammation and reduced locomotor activity. Hippocampal gene expression analysis also showed a reduced expression of neural plasticity-related genes. Overall, this study demonstrated that pelvic irradiation affects gut microbiota, intestinal morphology, integrity, brain neuronal maturation, neural plasticity gene expression, and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Apoorva Jnana
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Reghunathan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinidhi G Chandraguthi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mehreen Saigal
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Thokur S Murali
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Lee J, Lin JB, Weng CS, Chen SJ, Chen TC, Chen YJ. Impact of reduced margin pelvic radiotherapy on gastrointestinal toxicity and outcome in gynecological cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 43:100671. [PMID: 37692995 PMCID: PMC10482739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of reduced margin pelvic radiotherapy on gastrointestinal toxicity and outcomes in gynecological cancer. Materials and methods This retrospective study analyzed data of 590 patients who underwent hysterectomy and adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy between 2010 and 2020 at two tertiary centers. The pelvic nodal region was delineated based on a reduced margin definition or the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines. All patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy with imaging guidance. Gastrointestinal toxicity was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the Patient-Reported Outcome version (PRO-CTCAE). Results Overall, 352 (59.7%) and 238 (40.3%) patients underwent RTOG and reduced margin pelvic radiotherapy, respectively. Median follow-up was 6.4 years (IQR: 3.7-9.6). Reduced margin pelvic radiotherapy significantly lowered the radiation dose to the small bowel. For CTCAE grade ≥ 2 or 3, acute gastrointestinal toxicity was lower in the reduced margin group than in the RTOG group (16.4% vs. 33.5%, p < 0.001; 2.9% vs. 8.5%, p < 0.001). The reduced margin group reported less severe acute gastrointestinal toxicity (PRO-CTCAE score ≥ 3) than the RTOG group (12.5% vs. 28.7%, p < 0.001). Late grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity was lower in the reduced margin group than in the RTOG group (0.8% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.006). The 5-year pelvic recurrence-free survival and disease-free survival in the RTOG and reduced margin pelvic radiotherapy groups were 97.4% and 97.9% (p = 0.55) and 80.7% and 83.5% (p = 0.18), respectively. Conclusion Reduced margin pelvic radiotherapy decreased acute and late gastrointestinal toxicity and achieved favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Bin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Sui Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Jar Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Chien Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Devarakonda S, Thorsell A, Hedenström P, Rezapour A, Heden L, Banerjee S, Johansson MEV, Birchenough G, Toft Morén A, Gustavsson K, Skokic V, Pettersson VL, Sjöberg F, Kalm M, Al Masri M, Ekh M, Fagman H, Wolving M, Perkins R, Morales RA, Castillo F, Villablanca EJ, Yrlid U, Bergmark K, Steineck G, Bull C. Low-grade intestinal inflammation two decades after pelvic radiotherapy. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104691. [PMID: 37480626 PMCID: PMC10393618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is effective in the treatment of cancer but also causes damage to non-cancerous tissue. Pelvic radiotherapy may produce chronic and debilitating bowel symptoms, yet the underlying pathophysiology is still undefined. Most notably, although pelvic radiotherapy causes an acute intestinal inflammation there is no consensus on whether the late-phase pathophysiology contains an inflammatory component or not. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the potential presence of a chronic inflammation in mucosal biopsies from irradiated pelvic cancer survivors. METHODS We biopsied 24 cancer survivors two to 20 years after pelvic radiotherapy, and four non-irradiated controls. Using tandem mass tag (TMT) mass spectrometry and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), we charted proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of the mucosal tissue previously exposed to a high or a low/no dose of radiation. Changes in the immune cell populations were determined with flow cytometry. The integrity of the protective mucus layers were determined by permeability analysis and 16S rRNA bacterial detection. FINDINGS 942 proteins were differentially expressed in mucosa previously exposed to a high radiation dose compared to a low radiation dose. The data suggested a chronic low-grade inflammation with neutrophil activity, which was confirmed by mRNA-seq and flow cytometry and further supported by findings of a weakened mucus barrier with bacterial infiltration. INTERPRETATION Our results challenge the idea that pelvic radiotherapy causes an acute intestinal inflammation that either heals or turns fibrotic without progression to chronic inflammation. This provides a rationale for exploring novel strategies to mitigate chronic bowel symptoms in pelvic cancer survivors. FUNDING This study was supported by the King Gustav V Jubilee Clinic Cancer Foundation (CB), The Adlerbertska Research Foundation (CB), The Swedish Cancer Society (GS), The Swedish State under the ALF agreement (GS and CB), Mary von Sydow's foundation (MA and VP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Devarakonda
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Hedenström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Azar Rezapour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisen Heden
- Pelvic Cancer Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanghita Banerjee
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amelie Toft Morén
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Gustavsson
- Pelvic Cancer Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Viktor Skokic
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor L Pettersson
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fei Sjöberg
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Kalm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Al Masri
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela Ekh
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Clinical Patology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Wolving
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rosie Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo A Morales
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Bergmark
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bull
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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6
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Åkeflo L, Elmerstig E, Bergmark K, Dunberger G. Barriers to and strategies for dealing with vaginal dilator therapy - Female pelvic cancer survivors' experiences: A qualitative study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 62:102252. [PMID: 36603495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vaginal changes, a frequently reported late effect among women treated with pelvic radiotherapy, can result in sexual dysfunction and distress. Women are recommended vaginal dilator therapy after completed radiotherapy; however, low adoption has been recognized. This study aims to provide insight into women's difficulties with carrying out vaginal dilator therapy and their experiences of information. METHODS Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 pelvic cancer survivors in a selected sample of women with difficulties adopting the therapy. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS One overarching theme, Being unprepared, emerged from three identified categories relating to Experience of received information, Experience of performing the therapy, and Motivation to perform the therapy. The women experienced the information as unrealistic and insufficient, and requested clearer and earlier information. Bleeding, pain, fear of cancer recurrence, and recalling memories from treatments were experienced. Women described intestinal symptoms, fatigue, and feeling that the therapy was self-harm as barriers to performing the therapy. They described creating routines, breathing exercises, relaxation, pre-warming the dilator and performing therapy together with their partner as helpful strategies. CONCLUSIONS Careful discussion, early and clear communication, psychoeducation and supportive follow-up of vaginal changes should be integrated into cancer treatment and follow up. Healthcare professionals should be aware of potential difficulties with vaginal dilator therapy and identify women in need of extended support. Research is required to investigate interventions that suit the needs of female pelvic cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Åkeflo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Elmerstig
- Centre for Sexology and Sexuality Studies, Department of Social Work, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Bergmark
- Department of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Bkiri S, Tlemsani Z, Khdach Y, Bennani K, Abbad F, Ghadouane M. Can pelvic radiotherapy induce a leiomyosarcoma of the prostate? (A case report). Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:56. [PMID: 36578814 PMCID: PMC9755551 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.56.36997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate is an extremely rare neoplasm. It represents less than 0.1% of all prostate malignancies. It is considered to have a poor prognosis, an aggressive nature, and high metastatic potential. Additionally, the relationship between radiation exposure for the treatment of primary prostatic cancer and the occurrence of leiomyosarcoma as second cancer at the irradiated site is rare, with unknown etiology. We reported a 72-year-old male known case of prostate adenocarcinoma with radio-hormonotherapy for six years who presented with acute urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large malignant obstructive prostate with direct invasion of surrounding organs and multiple metastases. Trans-urethral resection of the prostate was performed, and the histopathology result showed high-grade leiomyosarcoma. The patient passed away after four months due to multiorgan failure. In conclusion, there may be a causal relationship between radiation therapy to the prostate and the development of prostate leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bkiri
- Urology Department, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University, Rabat, Morocco,,Corresponding author: Saad Bkiri, Urology Department, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Zakaria Tlemsani
- Urology Department, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youness Khdach
- Urology Department, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karim Bennani
- Urology Department, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fayçal Abbad
- Histopathology Department, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ghadouane
- Urology Department, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University, Rabat, Morocco
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8
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Velure GK, Müller B, Hauken MA. Symptom burden and health-related quality of life six months after hyperbaric oxygen therapy in cancer survivors with pelvic radiation injuries. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:5703-5711. [PMID: 35320424 PMCID: PMC9135809 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Late radiation tissue injuries (LRTIs) after treatment for pelvic cancer may impair health related quality of life (HRQoL). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an adjuvant therapy for LRTIs, but limited studied. The aim of this study was to explore the development and association between symptoms of LRTI and HRQoL following hyperbaric oxygen treatment. METHODS A pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the changes in pelvic LRTIs and HRQoL from baseline (T1), immediately after treatment (T2) and at six-month follow-up (T3). EPIC and EORTC-QLQ-C30 were used to assess LRTIs and HRQoL. Changes were analysed with t-tests, and associations with Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Ninety-five participants (mean age 65 years, 52.6% men) were included. Scores for urinary and bowel symptoms, overall HRQoL, all function scales and the symptoms scales sleep, diarrhoea, pain and fatigue were significantly improved six months after treatment (P-range = 0.00-0.04). Changes were present already at T2 and maintained or further improved to T3. Only a weak significant correlation between changes in symptoms and overall HRQoL was found (Pearson r-range 0.20-0.27). CONCLUSION The results indicate improvement of pelvic LRTIs and HRQoL following hyperbaric oxygen therapy, corresponding to minimal or moderate important changes. Cancer survivors with pelvic LRTIs and impaired HRQoL may benefit from undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Especially the reduced symptom-severity and improved social- and role function can influence daily living positively. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03570229. Released 2. May 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grete K Velure
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Møllendalsbakken 9, N - 5009, Bergen, Norway. .,Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bernd Müller
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Møllendalsbakken 9, N - 5009, Bergen, Norway.,Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - May Aa Hauken
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Møllendalsbakken 9, N - 5009, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Nugent TS, Low EZ, Fahy MR, Donlon NE, McCormick PH, Mehigan BJ, Cunningham M, Gillham C, Kavanagh DO, Kelly ME, Larkin JO. Prostate radiotherapy and the risk of secondary rectal cancer-a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:437-447. [PMID: 35037077 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-04075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is being used increasingly in the treatment of prostate cancer. However, ionising radiation may confer a small risk of a radiation-induced secondary malignancy. We aim to assess the risk of rectal cancer following pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer. METHODS A search was conducted of the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases identifying studies reporting on the risk of rectal cancer following prostatic radiotherapy. Studies must have included an appropriate control group of non-irradiated prostate cancer patients. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the risk of prostatic radiotherapy on subsequent rectal cancer diagnosis. RESULTS In total, 4757 articles were screened with eight studies meeting the predetermined criteria. A total of 796,386 patients were included in this meta-analysis which showed an increased odds ratio (OR) for subsequent rectal cancer in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy compared to those treated by non-radiotherapy means (OR 1.45, 1.07-1.97, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION These findings confirm that prostate radiotherapy significantly increases the risk of subsequent rectal cancer. This risk has implications for treatment selection, surveillance and patient counselling. However, it is crucial that this information is presented in a rational and comprehensible manner that does not disproportionately frighten or deter patients from what might be their most suitable treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Nugent
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Ernest Z Low
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Matthew R Fahy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Paul H McCormick
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Brian J Mehigan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Moya Cunningham
- Department of Radiotherapy, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Charles Gillham
- Department of Radiotherapy, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Dara O Kavanagh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John O Larkin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Velure GK, Müller B, Hauken MA. Symptom burden, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life in cancer survivors with pelvic late radiation tissue injuries. Support Care Cancer 2021. [PMID: 34779920 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Curative radiotherapy for cancer may lead to severe late radiation tissue injuries (LRTIs). However, limited knowledge exists about pelvic cancer survivors’ LRTI symptoms, distress, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We sought to assess the symptom burden, distress, and HRQOL in survivors with established pelvic LRTIs compared to norm populations and to investigate the relation between these factors. Methods Cancer survivors referred for treatment of established pelvic LRTIs were recruited nationwide. LTRIs were assessed with the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), psychological distress was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and HRQOL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORCT-QLQ-C30). Results A total of 107 participants (mean age 64, 53% men) were included. Compared to norms, participants reported more urinary (mean 68.7 vs. 89.5; p = 0.00; d = 1.4) and bowel symptoms (mean 62.5 vs. 92.4; p = 0.00; d = 2.7), increased psychological distress (mean 13.4 vs. 10.3; p = 0.00; d = 0.6), and overall poorer HRQOL (mean 54.9 vs. 71.2; p = 0.00; d = 0.7). Higher symptom burden and higher levels of psychological distress were associated with lower HRQOL (r2 = 46%), but psychological distress did not moderate the influence of symptoms on HRQOL. Conclusion Cancer survivors with established pelvic LRTIs are highly burdened compared to norms. The association of the LRTI-related symptom burden with HRQOL is independent of the level of psychological distress. Both coping and treatment interventions are crucial to promoting long-term health and HRQOL. Trial registration NCT03570229.
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Krook C, Lundh Hagelin C, Dunberger G. Living in limbo: Meanings of living with fecal incontinence as narrated by women after treatment for pelvic cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 55:102044. [PMID: 34653872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE After pelvic radiotherapy, individuals suffer from loose stools and defecation urgency, often resulting in fecal incontinence (FI). Women who have been treated for pelvic cancer report FI as one of the most troubling symptoms, yet they avoid seeking healthcare due to shame and stigmatization. There is a lack of knowledge concerning women's lived experiences of FI in daily life after pelvic radiotherapy. The objective was to illuminate meanings of living with FI among women previously treated with radiotherapy for gynecological or rectal cancer. METHOD Interviews were performed with ten women, treated with pelvic radiotherapy. Data were analyzed with phenomenological-hermeneutic method. RESULTS Living with FI, was illuminated by one overarching main theme: Living in Limbo, consisting of two themes (including three sub-themes each): Living in uncertainty and Wanting to take part in life. CONCLUSION Living with FI means that life is no longer the same as before the disease and treatment. The new life is lived in limbo, which means a daily struggle with insecurity because of the lack of control over one's body. It is also a struggle to take part in life, keep one's human dignity intact, experience meaning in life and can be and do what one wants.
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Supiot S, Vaugier L, Pasquier D, Buthaud X, Magné N, Peiffert D, Sargos P, Crehange G, Pommier P, Loos G, Hasbini A, Latorzeff I, Silva M, Denis F, Lagrange JL, Morvan C, Campion L, Blanc-Lapierre A. OLIGOPELVIS GETUG P07, a Multicenter Phase II Trial of Combined High-dose Salvage Radiotherapy and Hormone Therapy in Oligorecurrent Pelvic Node Relapses in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2021; 80:405-414. [PMID: 34247896 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligorecurrent pelvic nodal relapse in prostatic cancer is a challenge for regional salvage treatments. Androgen depriving therapies (ADTs) are a mainstay in metastatic prostate cancer, and salvage pelvic radiotherapy may offer long ADT-free intervals for patients harboring regional nodal relapses. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of the combination of ADT and salvage radiotherapy in men with oligorecurrent pelvic node relapses of prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed an open-label, phase II trial of combined high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy and ADT (6 mo) in oligorecurrent (five or fewer) pelvic node relapses in prostate cancer, detected by fluorocholine positron-emission tomography computed tomography imaging. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary endpoint was 2-yr progression-free survival defined as two consecutive prostate-specific antigen levels above the level at inclusion and/or clinical evidence of progression as per RECIST 1.1 and/or death from any cause. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Between August 2014 and July 2016, 67 patients were recruited in 15 centers. Half of the patients had received prior prostatic irradiation. The median age was 67.7 yr. After a median follow-up of 49.4 mo, 2- and 3-yr progression-free survival rates were 81% and 58%, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 45.3 mo. The median biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS) was 25.9 mo. At 2 and 3 yr, the BRFS rates were 58% and 46%, respectively. Grade 2 + 2-yr genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities were 10% and 2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Combined high-dose salvage pelvic radiotherapy and ADT appeared to prolong tumor control in oligorecurrent pelvic node relapses in prostate cancer with limited toxicity. After 3 yr, nearly half of patients were in complete remission. Our study showed initial evidence of benefit, but a randomized trial is required to confirm this result. PATIENT SUMMARY In this report, we looked at the outcomes of combined high-dose salvage pelvic radiotherapy and 6-mo-long hormone therapy in oligorecurrent pelvic nodal relapse in prostatic cancer. We found that 46% of patients presenting with oligorecurrent pelvic node relapses in prostate cancer were in complete remission after 3 yr following combined treatment at the cost of limited toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Supiot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, St-Herblain, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), UMR 1232 Inserm - 6299 CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes Cedex, France.
| | - Loig Vaugier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, St-Herblain, France
| | - David Pasquier
- Academic Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille, CRIStAL UMR CNRS 9189, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Buthaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Catherine de Sienne, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, St Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Didier Peiffert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Paul Sargos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Crehange
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Pommier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Genevieve Loos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ali Hasbini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinique Pasteur, Brest, France
| | - Igor Latorzeff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncorad Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlon Silva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Francois Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Fabrice Denis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Jean Bernard, Le Mans, France
| | | | - Cyrille Morvan
- Department of Nuclear medicine, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Boulevard J. Monod, Nantes, St-Herblain, France
| | - Loic Campion
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Boulevard J. Monod, Nantes, St-Herblain, France
| | - Audrey Blanc-Lapierre
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Boulevard J. Monod, Nantes, St-Herblain, France
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Bartsch B, Then CK, Harriss E, Kartsonaki C, Kiltie AE. The role of dietary supplements, including biotics, glutamine, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, in reducing gastrointestinal side effects in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 29:11-19. [PMID: 34027139 PMCID: PMC8134489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pelvic radiotherapy (RT) often results in gastrointestinal toxicity and clinical trials have demonstrated a potential benefit of dietary supplements in alleviating acute effects. However, no prophylactic agents have been approved to date for relief of gastrointestinal side-effects caused by pelvic radiation. In this systematic review, we evaluated the efficacy of dietary supplements in preventing or alleviating symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity in patients undergoing pelvic RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials. Interventions included four supplement categories: biotics, glutamine, poly-unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols. Efficacy was determined with reference to outcomes based on symptoms of acute gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, flatulence/bloating, bowel movement frequency, tenesmus and rectal bleeding. RESULTS Twenty-three randomised controlled trials (1919 patients) were identified in this review. Compared with placebo, probiotics (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.99), synbiotics (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.73) and polyphenols (RR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.70) were significantly associated with a lower risk of diarrhoea. Biotic supplements also reduced the risk of moderate to severe diarrhoea (RR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.67) and the need for anti-diarrhoeal medication (RR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.44 to 0.92). In contrast, glutamine had no effect on acute symptoms (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.29). There was a non-significant trend for reduction in nausea and mean bowel movements per day using dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS Biotic supplements, especially probiotics and synbiotics, reduce acute symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bartsch
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chee Kin Then
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elinor Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne E. Kiltie
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Åkeflo L, Elmerstig E, Dunberger G, Skokic V, Arnell A, Bergmark K. Sexual health and wellbeing after pelvic radiotherapy among women with and without a reported history of sexual abuse: important issues in cancer survivorship care. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:6851-6861. [PMID: 34003379 PMCID: PMC8464554 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims Sexual abuse is a women’s health concern globally. Although experience of sexual abuse and cancer may constitute risk factors for sexual dysfunction and low wellbeing, the effects of sexual abuse have received little attention in oncology care. This study aims to explore sexual health and wellbeing in women after pelvic radiotherapy and to determine the relationship between sexual abuse and sexual dysfunction, and decreased wellbeing. Methods Using a study-specific questionnaire, data were collected during 2011–2017 from women with gynaecological, anal, or rectal cancer treated with curative pelvic radiotherapy in a population-based cohort and a referred patient group. Subgroup analyses of data from women with a reported history of sexual abuse were conducted, comparing socio-demographics, diagnosis, aspects of sexual health and wellbeing. Results In the total sample of 570 women, 11% reported a history of sexual abuse and among these women the most common diagnosis was cervical cancer. More women with than without a history of sexual abuse reported feeling depressed (19.4% vs. 9%, p = 0.007) or anxious (22.6% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.007) and suffering genital pain during sexual activity (52% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.011, RR 2.07, CI 1.24–3.16). In the total study cohort, genital pain during sexual activity was associated with vaginal shortness (68.5% vs. 31.4% p ≤ 0.001) and inelasticity (66.6% vs. 33.3%, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that a history of both sexual abuse and pelvic radiotherapy in women are associated with increased psychological distress and sexual impairment, challenging healthcare professionals to take action to prevent retraumatisation and provide appropriate interventions and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Åkeflo
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Elmerstig
- Centre for Sexology and Sexuality Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gail Dunberger
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktor Skokic
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Arnell
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Bergmark
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Laios A, Duarte Portela S, Papadopoulou A, Gallos ID, Otify M, Ind T. Ovarian transposition and cervical cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 75:37-53. [PMID: 33715965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female malignancy worldwide. As the focus of treatment is shifting towards balancing oncological outcomes with reproductive benefit, women are becoming increasingly aware of their fertility options. Cervical cancer is one of the primary malignancies where transposition of the ovaries may be indicated. Ovarian transposition should be performed in pre-menopausal women, undergoing pelvic irradiation to preserve ovarian function and prevent early menopause. The review discusses the available literature and synthesises a concise summary for gynaecologic oncology surgeons to counsel affected women. The paradoxical controversy, leading to its under use is acknowledged, due to the scarcity of published data with regard to functional outcomes, and the lack of clinical trials. In cervical cancer, ovarian transposition remains a safe fertility preservation (FP) option, which is associated with high ovarian function preservation, an acceptable rate of ovarian cysts and a negligible risk for metastases in the transposed ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Laios
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Harehills, Leeds, LS97TF, UK.
| | - Sara Duarte Portela
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Harehills, Leeds, LS97TF, UK.
| | - Argyro Papadopoulou
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women's Foundation NHS Trust, Heritage Building, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Ioannis D Gallos
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women's Foundation NHS Trust, Heritage Building, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Mohamed Otify
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Harehills, Leeds, LS97TF, UK.
| | - Thomas Ind
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, SW36JJ, London, UK; St Georges's University of London, Blackshaw Road, SW170QT, London, UK.
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de Morais Siqueira T, Derchain S, Martinho N, Jales RM, Juliato CRT, Brito LGO. Pelvic floor muscle assessment by digital palpation and translabial ultrasound of women with cervical or endometrial cancer after pelvic radiotherapy: a cross-sectional study. Int Urogynecol J 2020; 32:1237-1245. [PMID: 33219823 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that anatomical changes in the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) could be detected using four-dimensional translabial ultrasound (4D TLUS) in patients with cervical (CC) or endometrial cancer (EC) who underwent pelvic radiotherapy (RT) as digital palpation may present sensitivity limitations. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 64 women (26 with CC and 38 with EC). PFM function was assessed by digital palpation, grading muscle strength according to the Modified Oxford Scale and by 4D TLUS. Ultrasonographic variables were: levator plate angle, hiatal area, puborectalis muscle thickness, puborectalis strain and levator ani muscle integrity. These variables were also correlated with clinical and sociodemographic data from all these patients. A 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS When assessed by digital palpation, no significant difference was found in PFM strength between women with CC and those with EC (p = 0.747). However, when assessed by 4D TLUS, women with CC presented greater thickening of the left (p = 0.039) and right (p = 0.014) lower portion of the puborectalis muscle during PFM contraction compared to those with EC. After pooling the groups, higher cancer staging (p = 0.028) was associated with smaller narrowing in the symphysis-levator distance, and shorter RT finishing duration (< 60 months) was associated with higher thickening in the left (p = 0.029) and right (p = 0.013) upper portion of the puborectalis muscle during PFM contraction as well as a shorter menopause duration (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Anatomical changes in the puborectalis muscle during PFM contraction were detected by 4D TLUS within gynecological cancer patients after pelvic RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Morais Siqueira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, Zipcode 13083-881, Brazil
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, Zipcode 13083-881, Brazil
| | - Natalia Martinho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, Zipcode 13083-881, Brazil.,Physiotherapy Course, Regional University Center of Espirito Santo do Pinhal-UNIPINHAL, Espírito Santo do Pinhal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Menezes Jales
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, Zipcode 13083-881, Brazil
| | - Cassia Raquel Teatin Juliato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, Zipcode 13083-881, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, Zipcode 13083-881, Brazil.
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Kinj R, Doyen J, Hannoun-Lévi JM, Naghavi AO, Chand ME, Baudin G, Ferrero JM, François E, Evesque L, Borchiellini D, Benezery K, Bondiau PY. Stereotactic Pelvic Reirradiation for Locoregional Cancer Relapse. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 33:e15-e21. [PMID: 32641243 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Up to 40% of patients who have received radiation for a pelvic malignancy will develop locoregional recurrence in the previously irradiated volume. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been used in the oligometastatic setting, and provides an ablative approach ideal for reirradiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes after SBRT reirradiation of extraosseous recurrences in the pelvis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single institution retrospective study evaluated patients treated with SBRT reirradiation in the pelvis from January 2011 to February 2018. Patients with more than five oligometastatic lesions, >7 cm in size, and recurrence within the prostate were excluded. RESULTS In total, 30 patients were treated with SBRT with a median follow-up of 29.4 months. The primary tumour sites were most commonly rectum (30.8%) and prostate (30.8%). The median time interval between irradiation for the primary and SBRT reirradiation was 48 months (3-245). The typical reirradiation treatment was 35 Gy in five fractions, the median gross tumour volume size was 10.2 (0.3-110.5) ml and the most common target was the iliac nodes (40%). There were three (10%) acute grade 3 toxicities and no late grade 3 or more toxicities. At 12/24 months, local relapse-free survival, metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival were 67.7%/50.7%, 67%/41.7%, 34.8%/14.9% and 83.2%/62.5%, respectively. On univariate analysis, improved local control was associated with low gross tumour volume (<10 ml) (P = 0.003) and prostate primary (P = 0.02), but was no longer significant on multivariate analysis. The proximity of organ at risk to the target did not significantly correlate with worse toxicity (P = 0.14) or tumour coverage (gross tumour volume: P = 0.8, planning target volume: P = 0.4). CONCLUSION SBRT pelvic reirradiation in oligometastatic patients is a safe and effective treatment modality. Careful consideration should be taken with larger tumour size, as it may be associated with worse oncological and toxicity outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kinj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - J Doyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France; University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - J M Hannoun-Lévi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France; University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - A O Naghavi
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - M E Chand
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - G Baudin
- Department of Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - J M Ferrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - E François
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - L Evesque
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - D Borchiellini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - K Benezery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - P Y Bondiau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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Martínez-Holguín E, Lledó-García E, González J, Hernández-Fernández C. Three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis: Ectopic reservoir placement. Actas Urol Esp 2020; 44:367-376. [PMID: 32423611 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complications associated to the placement of the reservoir are infrequent but potentially serious. Therefore, technical alternatives have been developed for the performance of the procedure in different locations (ectopic). The aim of this review is to revise the evidence available on the different options for the ectopic placement of the reservoir. MATERIAL AND METHOD Narrative review based on a bibliographical search limited to PubMed- indexed relevant manuscripts, in Spanish or English, for the period 2000-2019, using «penile prosthesis», «ectopic reservoir», radical prostatectomy», «radical cystectomy», «pelvic radiotherapy», and «renal transplantation» as key words. Non original articles and reviews were not considered eligible. A total of 11 manuscripts were included. RESULTS Pelvic alterations after surgery and/or radiotherapy increase the difficulty in the placement of the prosthesis reservoir. In order to minimize the risk of complications, different modifications have been performed on the devices, and technical innovations have been developed for the submuscular placement of the reservoir. The available evidence regarding the functionality and complications of these techniques is limited to single institution, low volume, and retrospective series with short follow-up periods. The functionality seems to be adequate using the adapted devices. The complications are infrequent and mild in severity. CONCLUSIONS Although the available evidence is still limited, the ectopic placement of the reservoir may be considered a safe, effective, and reproducible technique. In addition, it may result particularly useful in cases of altered pelvic anatomy.
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Ileana PÁS, Rubi RP, Javier LRF, Sagrario MGMD, Haydeé FBC. Pelvic radiation therapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy after renal transplant: A report of 3 cases. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:548-555. [PMID: 32494227 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Describe characteristics and outcomes of three patients treated with pelvic radiation therapy after kidney transplant. Background The incidence of pelvic cancers in kidney transplant (KT) recipients is rising. Currently it is the leading cause of death. Moreover, treatment is challenging because anatomical variants, comorbidities, and associated treatments, which raises the concern of using radiotherapy (RT). RT has been discouraged due to the increased risk of urethral/ureteral stricture and KT dysfunction. Materials and methods We reviewed the electronic health records and digital planning system of patients treated with pelvic RT between December 2013 and December 2018 to identify patients with previous KT. Cases description We describe three successful cases of KT patients in which modern techniques allowed full standard RT for pelvic malignances (2 prostate and 1 vaginal cancer) with or without elective pelvic nodal RT, without allograft toxicity at short and long follow-up (up to 60 months). Conclusion When needed, RT modern techniques remain a valid option with excellent oncologic results and acceptable toxicity. Physicians should give special considerations to accomplish all OAR dose constraints in the patient's specific setting. Recent publications recommend KT mean dose <4 Gy, but graft proximity to CTV makes this unfeasible. We present 2 cases where dose constraint was not achieved, and to a short follow-up of 20 months renal toxicity has not been documented. We recommend the lowest possible mean dose to the KT, but never compromising the CTV coverage, since morbimortality from recurrent or progressive cancer disease outweighs the risk of graft injury.
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Key Words
- BF, Biochemical failure
- BT, Brachytherapy
- C3D-RT, Conformal three-dimensional radiation therapy
- CBCT, Cone-beam computed tomography
- CCa, Cervix cancer
- Dmax, Maximum dose
- Dmean, Mean dose
- Dmin, Minimum dose
- Dx, Dose (in Gy) receiving x% of a volume or more
- EBRT, External beam radiation therapy
- EQD2, Equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions
- ESKD, End-stage kidney disease
- FU, Follow-up
- HPV, Human papillomavirus
- IBT, Intracavitary brachytherapy
- IMRT, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
- KT, Kidney transplant
- Kidney allograft
- LRDRT, Living related donor renal transplantation
- MMF, Mycophenolate mofetil
- NED, No evidence of disease
- OAR, Organs at risk
- OS, Overall survival
- PCa, Prostate cancer
- PDN, Prednisone
- PP, Post-prostatectomy
- PSA, Prostate-specific antigen
- PTV, Planning target volume
- Pelvic radiotherapy
- Prostate cancer
- RR, Risk ratio
- RT, Radiation therapy
- Renal transplant
- SCCVa, Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina
- SIR, Standardized Incidence Ratio
- TBI, Total body irradiation
- VCa, Vaginal cancer
- VMAT, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy
- Vaginal cancer
- Vx, Volume (in percentage) receiving x dose or more (in Gy)
- fr, Fractions
- mo, Months
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Affiliation(s)
- Pérez Álvarez Sandra Ileana
- Radiotherapy and Medical Physics Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. 15 Vasco de Quiroga, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ramos Prudencio Rubi
- Radiotherapy and Medical Physics Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. 15 Vasco de Quiroga, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Lozano Ruiz Francisco Javier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Médica Sur Hospital. 150 Puente de Piedra, Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico
| | | | - Flores Balcazar Christian Haydeé
- Radiotherapy and Medical Physics Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. 15 Vasco de Quiroga, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
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Murthy V, Maitre P, Bhatia J, Kannan S, Krishnatry R, Prakash G, Bakshi G, Pal M, Menon S, Mahantshetty U. Late toxicity and quality of life with prostate only or whole pelvic radiation therapy in high risk prostate cancer (POP-RT): A randomised trial. Radiother Oncol 2020; 145:71-80. [PMID: 31923712 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To report toxicity and quality of life (QOL) outcomes from a randomised trial of prostate only versus whole pelvic radiotherapy in high risk, node negative prostate cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with localised prostate adenocarcinoma and nodal involvement risk > 20%, were randomised to prostate only (PORT, 68 Gy/25# to prostate) and whole pelvis (WPRT, 68 Gy/25# to prostate and 50 Gy/25# to pelvis) arms with stratification for TURP, Gleason score, baseline PSA, and type of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) and two years of ADT were mandatory. Acute and late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were graded using RTOG grading. QOL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR-25 questionnaire pre-treatment and every 3-6 months post RT. RESULTS Total 224 patients were randomised (PORT 114, WPRT 110) from November 2011 to August 2017. Median follow up was 44.5 months. No RTOG grade IV toxicity was observed. Acute GI and GU toxicities were similar between both the arms. Cumulative ≥ grade II late GI toxicity was similar for WPRT and PORT (6.5% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.39) but GU toxicity was higher (17.7% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.03). Dosimetric analysis showed higher bladder volume receiving 30-40 Gy in the WPRT arm (V30, 60% vs. 36%, p < 0.001; V40, 41% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in QOL scores of any domain between both arms. CONCLUSION Pelvic irradiation using hypofractionated IG-IMRT resulted in increased grade II or higher late genitourinary toxicity as compared to prostate only RT, but the difference was not reflected in patient reported QOL. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT02302105: Prostate Only or Whole Pelvic Radiation Therapy in High Risk Prostate Cancer (POP-RT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedang Murthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Priyamvada Maitre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Jatin Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Department of Biostatistics, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Krishnatry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Gagan Prakash
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Ganesh Bakshi
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Mahendra Pal
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Umesh Mahantshetty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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21
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Thiruthaneeswaran N, Hayden AJ, Choudhury A. The Horse is at the Stable Door: Management of N1M0 Prostate Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:199-208. [PMID: 31899081 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic lymph node involvement in prostate cancer is a significant poor prognostic factor with very little evidence on the optimal management options for these patients. It is estimated that lymph node-positive patients make up 12% of newly diagnosed prostate cancer and this figure is expected to rise with the advancement and increasing use of novel imaging. The controversy around this subgroup of patients is whether this is an intermediary stage before disseminated disease and hence amenable to curative treatment options. Systemic therapies have been the mainstay of treatment for these patients for decades, but in recent years, studies have emerged supporting the addition of local therapy. This review will focus on the current multimodal management approach for clinical and pathological lymph node-positive prostate cancer with a focus on radiotherapy options and aims to provide the rationale for a curative approach with a combination of local and systemic therapy.
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22
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Lv XJ, Cheng XL, Tu YQ, Yan DD, Tang Q. Association between the location of transposed ovary and ovarian dose in patients with cervical cancer treated with postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:230. [PMID: 31842971 PMCID: PMC6916465 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose How to protect the ovarian function during radiotherapy is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the location of the transposed ovary and the ovarian dose in patients with cervical cancer received radical hysterectomy, ovarian transposition, and postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of 150 young patients with cervical cancer who received radical hysterectomy, intraoperative ovarian transposition, and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Association between location of the transposed ovaries and ovarian dose was evaluated. The transposed position of ovaries with a satisfactory dose was explored using a receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Patients’ ovarian function was followed up 3 months and 1 year after radiotherapy. Results A total of 32/214 (15%) transposed ovaries were higher than the upper boundary of the planning target volume (PTV). The optimum cutoff value of > 1.12 cm above the iliac crest plane was significantly associated with ovaries above the upper PTV boundary. When the ovaries were below the upper boundary of PTV, the optimum cutoff value of transverse distance > 3.265 cm between the ovary and PTV was significantly associated with ovarian max dose (Dmax) ≤ 4Gy, and the optimum cutoff value of transverse distance > 2.391 cm was significantly associated with ovarian Dmax≤5Gy. A total of 77 patients had received complete follow-up, and 56 patients (72.7%) showed preserved ovarian function 1 year after radiotherapy, which was significantly increased compared with 3 months (44.2%) after radiotherapy. Conclusions The location of transposed ovaries in patients with cervical cancer is significantly correlated with ovarian dose in adjuvant radiotherapy. We recommend transposition of ovaries > 1.12 cm higher than the iliac crest plane to obtain ovarian location above PTV. When the transposed ovary is below the upper boundary of PTV, ovarian Dmax ≤4Gy may be obtained when the transverse distance between the ovary and PTV was > 3.265 cm, and the ovarian Dmax≤5Gy may be obtained when the transverse distance was > 2.391 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Lv
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Bangshan East Road 1, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xiao-Long Cheng
- Department of Radiation Physics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Qiang Tu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Bangshan East Road 1, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Ding-Ding Yan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Bangshan East Road 1, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Qiu Tang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Bangshan East Road 1, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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23
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Mariani S, Chiloiro G, Villa P, Meldolesi E, Barbaro B, Di Giorgio A, Corrado G, Corvari B, Giraffa M, Scambia G, Valentini V, Gambacorta MA. Fertility preservation in chemo-radiotherapy for rectal cancer: A combined approach. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 19:77-79. [PMID: 31650042 PMCID: PMC6804737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Young females affected by rectal cancer need counselling on fertility preservation. Ovarian transposition and cryopreservation are feasible. Advances in radiation therapy techniques can help reducing fertility impairment. A multidisciplinar approach is recommended.
Introduction Colorectal cancer is a very common form of cancer worldwide, affecting an increasing number of young women. Standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) can pose a threat to fertility in these patients. Case presentation We present the case of a young woman affected by LARC who expressed a desire for child-bearing. The treatment she was proposed, according to guidelines, was neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) followed by delayed surgery, carrying with it a high risk for amenorrhea. Counselling was performed before the initiation of treatment, with the aim of preserving fertility by the proposal of GnRH agonist administration, ovarian transposition and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, which the patient accepted. Treatment was then successfully completed. The patient presented regular menstrual period from before the surgery. Discussion Ovarian tissue is very sensitive to radiations. Transposition of the organ can prevent ovarian insufficiency by placing it outside the radiation field, while ovarian tissue cryopreservation and orthotopic transplantation offers the possibility to restore fertility in the case of organ failure. We performed both of the techniques. GnRH analogs administration allowed to diminish the risk of ovarian cytotoxicity. Radiation treatment plan was optimized in order to minimize the dose to organs at risk (ovary and vagina in particular); position of the uterus, which is quite radiosensitive too, was monitored with daily cone-beam CT (CBCT). Conclusion The strategy proposed seemed safe and effective, resulting in radical treatment and persistence of regular menstrual period. Further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mariani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - G Chiloiro
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - P Villa
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - E Meldolesi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - B Barbaro
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - A Di Giorgio
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Division of General Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - G Corrado
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - B Corvari
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - M Giraffa
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - G Scambia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - V Valentini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - M A Gambacorta
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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24
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Ozyigit G, Onal C, Igdem S, Alicikus ZA, Iribas A, Akin M, Yalman D, Cetin I, Aksu MG, Atalar B, Dincbas F, Hurmuz P, Guler OC, Aydin B, Sert F, Yildirim C, Gorken IB, Agaoglu FY, Korcum AF, Yuce D, Ozkok S, Darendeliler E, Akyol F. Treatment outcomes of prostate cancer patients with Gleason score 8-10 treated with definitive radiotherapy : TROD 09-001 multi-institutional study. Strahlenther Onkol 2019; 195:882-893. [PMID: 31143994 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-019-01476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with Gleason score (GS) 8-10 disease treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the modern era. METHODS Institutional databases of biopsy proven 641 patients with GS 8-10 PCa treated between 2000 and 2015 were collected from 11 institutions. In this multi-institutional Turkish Radiation Oncology Group study, a standard database sheet was sent to each institution for patient enrollment. The inclusion criteria were, T1-T3N0M0 disease according to AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) 2010 Staging System, no prior diagnosis of malignancy, at least 70 Gy total irradiation dose to prostate ± seminal vesicles delivered with either three-dimensional conformal RT or intensity-modulated RT and patients receiving ADT. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 5.9 years (range 0.4-18.2 years); 5‑year overall survival (OS), biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS) and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) rates were 88%, 78%, and 79%, respectively. Higher RT doses (≥78 Gy) and longer ADT duration (≥2 years) were significant predictors for improved DMFS, whereas advanced stage was a negative prognosticator for DMFS in patients with GS 9-10. CONCLUSIONS Our results validated the fact that oncologic outcomes after radical EBRT significantly differ in men with GS 8 versus those with GS 9-10 prostate cancer. We found that EBRT dose was important predictive factor regardless of ADT period. Patients receiving 'non-optimal treatment' (RT doses <78 Gy and ADT period <2 years) had the worst treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Ozyigit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cem Onal
- Adana Dr Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sefik Igdem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, İstanbul Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zumre Arican Alicikus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayca Iribas
- Istanbul Oncology Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz Yalman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Cetin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Gamze Aksu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Banu Atalar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fazilet Dincbas
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pervin Hurmuz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Cem Guler
- Adana Dr Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Aydin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Yildirim
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Birkay Gorken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fulya Yaman Agaoglu
- Istanbul Oncology Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Fidan Korcum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Department of Prevantive Oncology, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Ozkok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Darendeliler
- Istanbul Oncology Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fadil Akyol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Lucena FA, Costa RFA, Stein MD, Andrade CEMC, Cintra GF, Vieira MA, Dufloth RM, Fregnani JHTG, Dos Reis R. Pelvic radiotherapy for cervical cancer affects importantly the reproducibility of cytological alterations evaluation. BMC Clin Pathol 2018; 18:11. [PMID: 30323716 PMCID: PMC6173841 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-018-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of cervical cytopathology according to previous knowledge of whether patients received radiotherapy (RT) treatment or not. Methods The study analyzed a sample of 95 cervix cytological slides; 24 with cytological abnormalities (CA) and presence of RT; 21 without CA and presence of RT; 25 without CA and without previous RT; 25 with CA and without previous RT. Two cytopathology (CP) evaluations of the slides were carried out. For the first CP re-evaluation, the cytotechnologist was blinded for the information of previous RT. For the second CP re-evaluation, the cytotechnologist was informed about previous RT. The results were analyzed through inter and intraobserver agreement using the unweighted and weighted kappa. Results Post radiotherapy effects were identified in 44.4% of cases that undergone previous pelvic RT. The agreement for RT status was 66.32% (unweighted K = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.13; 0.49, moderate agreement). The intraobserver agreement, regarding the cytological diagnoses, regardless of radiotherapy status, was 80.32% (weighted K = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.34; 0.68). In no RT group, the intraobserver agreement was 70% (weighted K = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.27;0.65) and in patients that received RT, the intraobserver agreement was 84.09% (unweighted K = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.01;0.74). The interobserver agreement between cytopathology result (abnormal or normal) in the group with RT, considering normal and abnormal CP diagnosis was 14.0% and 12.5%, respectively. There was no association between the cytological alterations and the median time between the end of RT and the cytological diagnosis. Conclusion This study showed that RT has an important impact in CP diagnosis because the agreement, also in interobserver and intraobserver analysis, had high discrepancy in patients that received RT. Also, demonstrated that it is difficult to recognize the presence of RT in cytological slides when this information is not provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A Lucena
- Faculty of Health Science of Barretos Dr. Paulo Prata, Avenida Loja Maçônica Renovadora 68, Nº 100, Barretos, 14785-002 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo F A Costa
- Faculty of Health Science of Barretos Dr. Paulo Prata, Avenida Loja Maçônica Renovadora 68, Nº 100, Barretos, 14785-002 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maira D Stein
- 2Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, 14784-400 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos E M C Andrade
- 3Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, 14784-400 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Geórgia F Cintra
- 3Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, 14784-400 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Vieira
- 3Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, 14784-400 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rozany M Dufloth
- 4Post-Graduation Program in Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, 14784-400 São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Humberto T G Fregnani
- 4Post-Graduation Program in Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, 14784-400 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dos Reis
- 3Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, 14784-400 São Paulo Brazil
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Udayashankar AH, Noorjahan S, Srikantia N, Babu KR, Muzumder S. Immobilization versus no immobilization for pelvic external beam radiotherapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:233-241. [PMID: 29991927 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify the most reproducible technique of patient positioning and immobilization during pelvic radiotherapy. Background Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Errors in positioning of patient are an integral component of treatment. The present study compares two methods of immobilization with no immobilization with an aim of identifying the most reproducible method. Materials and methods 65 consecutive patients receiving pelvic external beam radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. 30, 21 and 14 patients were treated with no-immobilization with a leg separator, whole body vacuum bag cushion (VBC) and six point aquaplast immobilization system, respectively. The systematic error, random error and the planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated for all the three techniques and statistically analyzed. Results The systematic errors were the highest in the VBC and random errors were the highest in the aquaplast group. Both systematic and random errors were the lowest in patients treated with no-immobilization. 3D Systematic error (mm, mean ± 1SD) was 4.31 ± 3.84, 3.39 ± 1.71 and 2.42 ± 0.97 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. 3D random error (mm, 1SD) was 2.96, 3.59 and 1.39 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between all the three groups. The calculated PTV margins were the smallest for the no-immobilization technique with 4.56, 4.69 and 4.59 mm, respectively, in x, y and z axes, respectively. Conclusions Among the three techniques, no-immobilization technique with leg separator was the most reproducible technique with the smallest PTV margins. For obvious reasons, this technique is the least time consuming and most economically viable in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash H Udayashankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Shibina Noorjahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Nirmala Srikantia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - K Ravindra Babu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Sandeep Muzumder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560034, India
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Ng SY, Colborn KL, Cambridge L, Hajj C, Yang TJ, Wu AJ, Goodman KA. Acute toxicity with intensity modulated radiotherapy versus 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy during preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016; 121:252-257. [PMID: 27751605 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We examined acute toxicity profiles and outcomes among rectal cancer patients treated with pre-operative chemoradiation using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) to identify predictive clinical factors associated with increased acute toxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of 301 consecutive rectal cancer patients treated with pre-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy (median dose 5000cGy) at our institution between 2007 and 2014. RESULTS Of the 301 patients, 203 (67.4%) were treated with IMRT and 98 (32.6%) with 3DCRT. Significantly more patients experienced ⩾grade 2 diarrhea in the 3DCRT group compared to the IMRT group (22% vs 10%, p=0.004), and those who received 3DCRT had 2.7 times greater odds of a higher diarrhea score than those on IMRT, even after adjusting for patient characteristics and chemotherapy (OR 2.71, p=0.01) Fewer patients experienced grade 2 genitourinary toxicity in the IMRT group (6% vs 13% 3DCRT, p=0.04) and there was a trend toward decreased grade 2 proctitis in the IMRT group (22% vs 32% 3DCRT, p=0.07). Patients over the age of 55 had 45% lower odds of proctitis than patients younger than 55. CONCLUSION The use of IMRT significantly reduced grade ⩾2 diarrhea and GU toxicity during chemoradiation. Younger patients were more likely to report grade 2 or higher proctitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Y Ng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn L Colborn
- Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lajhem Cambridge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Carla Hajj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - T Jonathan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Abraham J Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Karyn A Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, USA.
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Lenz L, Rohr R, Nakao F, Libera E, Ferrari A. Chronic radiation proctopathy: A practical review of endoscopic treatment. World J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 8:151-160. [PMID: 26981189 PMCID: PMC4770169 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v8.i2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP) is a troublesome complication of pelvic radiotherapy. The most common presentation is rectal bleeding. CRP symptoms interfere with daily activities and decrease quality of life. Rectal bleeding management in patients with CRP represents a conundrum for practitioners. Medical therapy is ineffective in general and surgical approach has a high morbid-mortality. Endoscopy has a role in the diagnosis, staging and treatment of this disease. Currently available endoscopic modalities are formalin, potassium titanyl phosphate laser, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, argon laser, bipolar electrocoagulation (BiCAP), heater probe, band ligation, cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation and argon plasma coagulation (APC). Among these options, APC is the most promising.
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Abstract
Objective Radiation is an integral part of the treatment of many pelvic tumors. The cellular death induced by radiotherapy (RT) benefits cancer control but can also result in adverse effects (AEs) on the organ being treated or those adjacent to it. RT for cancers of the pelvis (bladder, prostate, rectum, uterus or cervix) can result in AEs in the urinary tract. While the acute urinary AEs of pelvic RT are well described, late AEs are less well characterized. The burden of treatment for late AEs may be large given the prevalence of tumors in the pelvis and the high utilization of RT to treat them. Review For prostate cancer, grade 1 and 2 urinary AEs following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) are reported to occur in 20-43% and 7-19%, respectively, with a follow up of 10 years. Three-year cumulative risk for grade ≥2 urinary AEs is 28-30%. Following brachytherapy (BT), rates of urinary AEs at 5 years are reported to be 36%, 24%, 6.2% and 0.1% for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. For bladder cancer, with a median follow-up of 5 years, 7-12% of patients who receive RT experience urinary AEs of grade 3 or more. For cervical cancer, there remains a 0.25% per year risk of severe AEs for at least 25 years following RT, and ureteral stricture is a well-described AE. For endometrial cancer, severe urinary AEs are rare, but at 13 years of follow up, patients report a significantly worse quality of life with respect to urinary function. In rectal cancer, preoperative RT has a lower risk of AEs than postoperative RT, and few urinary AEs are reported in the literature. Conclusions Urinary AEs can manifest long after RT, and there is a paucity of studies describing rates of these long-term AEs. It is important that the possible complications of RT are recognized by providers and properly communicated to patients so that they are able to make informed decisions about their cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Liberman
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian Mehus
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sean P Elliott
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Morris KAL, Haboubi NY. Pelvic radiation therapy: Between delight and disaster. World J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 7:279-288. [PMID: 26649150 PMCID: PMC4663381 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i11.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades radiotherapy was established as one of the best and most widely used treatment modalities for certain tumours. Unfortunately that came with a price. As more people with cancer survive longer an ever increasing number of patients are living with the complications of radiotherapy and have become, in certain cases, difficult to manage. Pelvic radiation disease (PRD) can result from ionising radiation-induced damage to surrounding non-cancerous tissues resulting in disruption of normal physiological functions and symptoms such as diarrhoea, tenesmus, incontinence and rectal bleeding. The burden of PRD-related symptoms, which impact on a patient’s quality of life, has been under appreciated and sub-optimally managed. This article serves to promote awareness of PRD and the vast potential there is to improve current service provision and research activities.
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Chai Y, Wang J, Wang T, Yang Y, Su J, Shi F, Wang J, Zhou X, He B, Ma H, Liu Z. Application of 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabonomics to feces of cervical cancer patients with radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms. Radiother Oncol 2015; 117:294-301. [PMID: 26277430 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms (RIAISs) are a common complication of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to use (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) combined with chemometric analysis to develop a metabolic profile of patients with RIAISs. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 66 patients with cervical cancer before and after pelvic radiotherapy. After radiotherapy, RIAISs occurred in eleven patients. We selected another 11 patients from participants without RIAISs whose age, stage, histological type and treatment methods are matched with RIAIS patients as the control group. (1)H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate pattern recognition analysis was used to generate metabolic profile data, as well as to establish a RIAIS-specific metabolic phenotype. RESULTS Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was used to distinguish samples between the pre- and post-radiotherapy RIAIS patients and between RIAIS patients and controls. Fecal samples from RIAIS patients after pelvic radiotherapy were characterized by increased concentrations of α-ketobutyrate, valine, uracil, tyrosine, trimethylamine N-oxide, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, glutamine, creatinine, creatine, bile acids, aminohippurate, and alanine, accompanied by reduced concentrations of α-glucose, n-butyrate, methylamine, and ethanol relative to samples from RIAIS patients before pelvic radiotherapy, while in RIAIS patients relative to controls, trimethylamine, n-butyrate, fumarate and acetate were down-regulated and valine, TMAO, taurine, phenylalanine, lactate, isoleucine and creatinine were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS We obtained the metabolic profile of RIAIS patients from fecal samples using NMR-based metabonomics. This profile has the potential to be developed into a novel clinical tool for RIAIS diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring, and could contribute to an improved understanding of the disease mechanism. However, because of the limitations of methods, technique, bacterial contamination of feces and small sample size, further research and verification are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Chai
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Jiquan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
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Law E, Kelvin JF, Thom B, Riedel E, Tom A, Carter J, Alektiar KM, Goodman KA. Prospective study of vaginal dilator use adherence and efficacy following radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:149-55. [PMID: 26164775 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vaginal stenosis (VS) after pelvic radiotherapy (RT) can impair long-term quality of life. We prospectively assessed adherence and efficacy of vaginal dilator (VD) use in women after pelvic RT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Women with gastrointestinal (n=63) and gynecologic (n=46) cancers self-reported use and VD size in monthly diaries for 12months after radiotherapy. Adherence was measured as actual VD use out of recommended times over 12months (3×/week×52weeks=156). RESULTS Among 109 participants, aged 28-81years (median, 58years), mean percent adherence over 12months was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36-48%). Adherence was highest in the first quarter (56%), but fell to 25% by the fourth. Disease type, treatment sequence, and chemotherapy were predictors of adherence (all P<.05). Eighty-two percent maintained pre-RT VD size at 12months; of 49% with a decrease in VD size at 1month post-RT, 71% returned to pre-RT VD size at 12months. Disease type, younger age, and increased adherence at 6months were associated with maintaining or returning to pre-RT size at 12months (all P⩽.05). CONCLUSION VD use is effective in minimizing VS, but adherence at 12months was poor. Studies evaluating methods of improving adherence and determining the optimal frequency and duration of use are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Law
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.
| | - Joanne F Kelvin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Bridgette Thom
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Elyn Riedel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Ashlyn Tom
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Jeanne Carter
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | | | - Karyn A Goodman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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Demers M, Dagnault A, Desjardins J. A randomized double-blind controlled trial: impact of probiotics on diarrhea in patients treated with pelvic radiation. Clin Nutr 2013; 33:761-7. [PMID: 24200199 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Radical radiation therapy is commonly used for treatment of pelvic cancer. Up to 80% of patients receiving radiotherapy will develop acute radiation induced diarrhea. The primary aim of this randomized double blind controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of the probiotic Bifilact(®) on moderate and severe treatment-induced diarrhea during pelvic radiation. METHODS Patients with pelvic cancers were treated between 2006 and 2010 at L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, University Health Center. Some patients had surgery before pelvic radiotherapy and some received chemotherapy. A total of 246 Patients were randomized between a placebo and either of two regiments of double strain Bifilact(®) probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC-361 and Bifidobacterium longum BB-536): a standard dose twice a day (1.3 billion CFU) or a high dose three times a day (10 billion CFU). Patients were trained to record their digestive symptoms daily with a standardized scale and they met a registered dietician and radiation oncologist every week during treatment. The main analysis compared time to first appearance of grade ≥2-3-4 diarrhea using Kaplan-Meier curves as measured by proportion of patients without moderate and severe diarrhea. RESULTS 229 patients were analyzed. The difference between the groups for overall grade 2-3-4 diarrhea was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). However at 60 days, the proportion of patients without moderate and severe diarrhea in the standard dose group (35%) was more than twice as high as that of the placebo group (17%) with a hazard ratio of 0.69 (p = 0.04). In patients who had surgery, the standard probiotics dose group had a better proportion of patients without very severe diarrhea than the placebo group, respectively 97% and 74% (p = 0.03). In all groups, the average number of bowel movements per day during treatment was less than 3 soft stools (p = 0.80) and the median abdominal pain less than 1 based on the National Cancer Institute scale (p = 0.23). CONCLUSION Standard dose of Bifilact(®) may reduce radiation induced grade 2-3-4 diarrhea at the end of the treatment of patients with pelvic cancer. In patients operated on before RT, a standard dose of probiotics may reduce radiation induced grade 4 diarrhea. Nutritional interventions by a registered dietician seemed to reduce global digestive symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier NCT01839721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Demers
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Health Center, Hôtel Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Health Center, Hôtel Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Anne Dagnault
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Health Center, Hôtel Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Josée Desjardins
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Health Center, Hôtel Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Health Center, Hôtel Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Fonteyne V, Lumen N, Ost P, Van Praet C, Vandecasteele K, De Gersem Ir W, Villeirs G, De Neve W, Decaestecker K, De Meerleer G. Hypofractionated intensity-modulated arc therapy for lymph node metastasized prostate cancer: early late toxicity and 3-year clinical outcome. Radiother Oncol 2013; 109:229-34. [PMID: 24016677 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For patients with N1 prostate cancer (PCa) aggressive local therapies can be advocated. We evaluated clinical outcome, gastro-intestinal (GI) and genito-urinary (GU) toxicity after intensity modulated arc radiotherapy (IMAT)+androgen deprivation (AD) for N1 PCa. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty patients with T1-4N1M0 PCa were treated with IMAT and 2-3years of AD. A median dose of 69.3Gy (normalized isoeffective dose at 2Gy per fraction: 80Gy [α/β=3]) was prescribed in 25 fractions to the prostate. The pelvic lymph nodes received a minimal dose of 45Gy. A simultaneous integrated boost to 72Gy and 65Gy was delivered to the intraprostatic lesion and/or pathologically enlarged lymph nodes, respectively. GI and GU toxicity was scored using the RTOG/RILIT and RTOG-SOMA/LENT-CTC toxicity scoring system respectively. Three-year actuarial risk of grade 2 and 3/4 GI-GU toxicity and biochemical and clinical relapse free survival (bRFS and cRFS) were calculated with Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS Median follow-up was 36months. Three-year actuarial risk for late grade 3 and 2 GI toxicity is 8% and 20%, respectively. Three-year actuarial risk for late grade 3-4 and 2 GU toxicity was 6% and 34%, respectively. Actuarial 3-year bRFS and cRFS was 81% and 89%, respectively. Actuarial 3-year bRFS and cRFS was, respectively 26% and 32% lower for patients with cN1 disease when compared to patients with cN0 disease. CONCLUSION IMAT for N1 PCa offers good clinical outcome with moderate toxicity. Patients with cN1 disease have poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Fonteyne
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
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Kim TG, Huh SJ, Park W. Endoscopic findings of rectal mucosal damage after pelvic radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma: correlation of rectal mucosal damage with radiation dose and clinical symptoms. Radiat Oncol J 2013; 31:81-7. [PMID: 23865004 PMCID: PMC3712177 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2013.31.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe chronic rectal mucosal damage after pelvic radiotherapy (RT) for cervical cancer and correlate these findings with clinical symptoms and radiation dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients who underwent pelvic RT were diagnosed with radiation-induced proctitis based on endoscopy findings. The median follow-up period was 35 months after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and intracavitary radiotherapy (ICR). The Vienna Rectoscopy Score (VRS) was used to describe the endoscopic findings and compared to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) morbidity score and the dosimetric parameters of RT (the ratio of rectal dose calculated at the rectal point [RP] to the prescribed dose, biologically effective dose [BED] at the RP in the ICR and EBRT plans, α/β = 3). RESULTS Rectal symptoms were noted in 28 patients (rectal bleeding in 21 patients, bowel habit changes in 6, mucosal stools in 1), and 4 patients had no symptoms. Endoscopic findings included telangiectasia in 18 patients, congested mucosa in 20, ulceration in 5, and stricture in 1. The RP ratio, BEDICR, BEDICR+EBRT was significantly associated with the VRS (RP ratio, median 76.5%; BEDICR, median 37.1 Gy3; BEDICR+EBRT, median 102.5 Gy3; p < 0.001). The VRS was significantly associated with the EORTC/RTOG score (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION The most prevalent endoscopic findings of RT-induced proctitis were telangiectasia and congested mucosa. The VRS was significantly associated with the EORTC/RTOG score and RP radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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