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Slane EG, Tambrini SJ, Cummings BS. Therapeutic potential of lipin inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116106. [PMID: 38442792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Lipins are phosphatidic acid phosphatases (PAP) that catalyze the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DAG). Three lipin isoforms have been identified: lipin-1, -2 and -3. In addition to their PAP activity, lipin-1 and -2 act as transcriptional coactivators and corepressors. Lipins have been intensely studied for their role in regulation of lipid metabolism and adipogenesis; however, lipins are hypothesized to mediate several pathologies, such as those involving metabolic diseases, neuropathy and even cognitive impairment. Recently, an emerging role for lipins have been proposed in cancer. The study of lipins in cancer has been hampered by lack of inhibitors that have selectivity for lipins, that differentiate between lipin family members, or that are suitable for in vivo studies. Such inhibitors have the potential to be extremely useful as both molecular tools and therapeutics. This review describes the expression and function of lipins in various tissues and their roles in several diseases, but with an emphasis on their possible role in cancer. The mechanisms by which lipins mediate cancer cell growth are discussed and the potential usefulness of selective lipin inhibitors is hypothesized. Finally, recent studies reporting the crystallization of lipin-1 are discussed to facilitate rational design of novel lipin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Slane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samantha J Tambrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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2
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Bahreyni A, Saeedi N, Al-Asady AM, Soleimani A, Ghorbani E, Khazaei M, Alaei M, Hanaei R, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of A1 adenosine receptor antagonists in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, current status and perspectives. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:358. [PMID: 38400849 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocytes form, transport, and metabolize the omnipresent metabolite adenosine. Depending upon the adenosine concentrations and the pharmacological properties of receptor subtypes, adenosine exerts (patho)physiological responses in the cardiovascular system. The objective of this review is to present different protective mechanisms of A1-adenosine receptor inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Literature references were collected and sorted using relevant keywords and key phrases as search terms in scientific databases such as Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. A1 adenosine receptor regulates free fatty acid metabolism, lipolysis, heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiovascular toxicity. The evidence clearly supporting the therapeutic potency of pharmacological A1 adenosine receptors agonists and antagonists in modulating cardiovascular risk factor parameters and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the protective role of pharmacological A1-adenosine receptor regulators in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases for a better management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nikoo Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Alaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hanaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Yan H, Zhang W, Li C, Wang Y. Uptake of TiO 2 Nanoparticles was Linked to Variation in net Cation flux in Wheat Seedlings. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 110:71. [PMID: 36991215 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and enter the terrestrial food chain via plant uptake. However, plant uptake behaviors of TiO2 NPs remain elusive. Here, the uptake kinetics of TiO2 NPs by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings and the effects on cation flux in roots were examined in a hydroponic system. Uptake rate of TiO2 NPs ranged from 119.0 to 604.2 mg kg- 1 h- 1 within 8 h exposure. NP uptake decreased by 83% and 47%, respectively, in the presence of sodium azide (NaN3) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), indicating an energy-dependent uptake of TiO2 NPs. Moreover, accompanied with TiO2 NP uptake, net influx of Cd2+ decreased by 81%, while Na+ flux shifted from inflow to outflow at the meristematic zone of root. These findings provide valuable information for understanding plant uptake of TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, AMS, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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4
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Palmelund LB, van Woerden GM, Bräuner-Osborne H, Wellendorph P. Development of a medium throughput whole-cell microtiter plate Thr286 autophosphorylation assay for CaMKIIα using ELISA. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 118:107226. [PMID: 36174932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) is a multifunctional Ser/Thr kinase involved in several neuronal signaling pathways including synaptic plasticity. CaMKIIα autonomous activity is highly dependent on Thr286 autophosphorylation (pThr286), which is widely used as a readout for its enzymatic activity. To readily characterise compounds and potential drug candidates targeting CaMKIIα, a simple, generic cell-based assay for quantification of pThr286 levels is needed. In this study, we present a cell-based assay using an adapted ELISA as a suitable and higher throughput alternative to Western blotting. In this 96-well plate-based assay, we use whole HEK293T cells recombinantly expressing CaMKIIα and apply a phospho-specific antibody to detect pThr286 levels by chemiluminescence. In parallel, total CaMKIIα expression levels are detected by fluorescence using an Alexa488-conjugated anti-myc antibody targeting a C-terminal myc-tag. By multiplexing chemiluminescence and fluorescence, phosphorylation levels are normalised to CaMKIIα total expression within each well. The specificity of the assay was confirmed using a phosphodead mutant (T286A) of CaMKIIα. By applying Ca2+ or known CaMKIIα inhibitors (KN93, tatCN21 and AS100105) and obtaining concentration-response curves, we demonstrate high sensitivity and validity of the assay. Lastly, we demonstrate the versatility of the assay by determining autophosphorylation levels in CaMKIIα patient-related mutations, known to possess altered pThr286 responses (E109D, E183V and H282R). The established assay for CaMKIIα is a reproducible, easily implemented, and facile ELISA-based assay that allows for reliable quantification of pThr286 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line B Palmelund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Genetics, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Khatoon E, Hegde M, Kumar A, Daimary UD, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara AB. The multifaceted role of STAT3 pathway and its implication as a potential therapeutic target in oral cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:507-534. [PMID: 35987863 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, and it has become a matter of serious concern due to the alarming rise in its incidence rate worldwide. Despite recent advancements in oral cancer treatment strategies, there are no significant improvements in patient's survival rate. Among the numerous cell signaling pathways involved in oral cancer development and progression, STAT3 is known to play a multifaceted oncogenic role in shaping the tumor pathophysiology. STAT3 hyperactivation in oral cancer contributes to survival, proliferation, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, metastasis, immunosuppression, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. A plethora of pre-clinical and clinical studies have documented the role of STAT3 in the initiation and development of oral cancer and showed that STAT3 inhibition holds significant potential in the prevention and treatment of this cancer. However, to date, targeting STAT3 activation mainly involves inhibiting the upstream signaling molecules such as JAK and IL-6 receptors. The major challenge in targeting STAT3 lies in the complexity of its phosphorylation- and dimerization-independent functions, which are not affected by disrupting the upstream regulators. The present review delineates the significance of the STAT3 pathway in regulating various hallmarks of oral cancer. In addition, it highlights the STAT3 inhibitors identified to date through various preclinical and clinical studies that can be employed for the therapeutic intervention in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India. .,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
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6
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Fernandes JC, Fenerich BA, Alves-Silva AB, Fonseca NP, Coelho-Silva JL, Scheucher PS, Rego EM, Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F. Differential cytotoxic activity of pharmacological inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in JAK2 V617F driven cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105384. [PMID: 35568132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) belong to a group of clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by aberrant proliferation of mature myeloid lineages. The constitutive activation of the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway is now well established to play a central role in MPN pathogenesis; however, accumulating evidence now indicates that the IGF1R-mediated signaling pathway contributes to the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Studies using inhibitors of IGF1-mediated signaling have reported cytotoxic effects in cellular and murine models of MPN, but no consensus has been reached regarding the potency and efficacy of inhibitors of the IGF1R-related pathway in this context. In the present study, we compared the potency and efficacy of three inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in a JAK2V617F-driven cellular model. These inhibitors (NT157, OSI-906, and NVP-AEW54) present antineoplastic activity with similar efficacy in Ba/F3 JAK2V617F cells, with NT157 showing the greatest potency. Both the induction of apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation were associated with the observed reduction in cell viability. Downregulation of JAK2/STAT signaling was an advantageous off-target effect of all three inhibitors. These preclinical studies reinforce the potential of the IGF1R-related pathway as a therapeutic target in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Bruno Alves-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natasha Peixoto Fonseca
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lôbo Figueiredo-Pontes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Abstract
Regeneration, the ability to restore body parts after an injury or an amputation, is a widespread property in the animal kingdom. This chapter describes methods used to study this fascinating process in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii. During most of its life, this segmented worm is able to regenerate upon amputation the posterior part of its body, including its pygidium (terminal non-segmented body region bearing the anus) and a subterminal posterior growth zone which contains stem cells required for the formation of new segments. Detailed description of Platynereis worm culture and how to obtain large quantity of regenerating worms is provided. We also describe the staging system that we established and three important methods to study regeneration: whole mount in situ hybridization to study gene expression, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling to characterize cell proliferation, and use of pharmacological treatments to establish putative roles of defined signaling pathways and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Vervoort
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Université de Paris, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Eve Gazave
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Université de Paris, Paris Cedex, France.
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8
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Ahmed WS, Geethakumari AM, Biswas KH. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5): Structure-function regulation and therapeutic applications of inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111128. [PMID: 33348311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the most well-studied phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that specifically targets cGMP typically generated by nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Given the crucial role of cGMP generated through the activation of this cellular signaling pathway in a variety of physiologically processes, pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 has been demonstrated to have several therapeutic applications including erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. While they are designed to inhibit PDE5, the inhibitors show different affinities and specificities against all PDE subtypes. Additionally, they have been shown to induce allosteric structural changes in the protein. These are mostly attributed to their chemical structure and, therefore, binding interactions with PDE catalytic domains. Therefore, understanding how these inhibitors interact with PDE5 and the structural basis of their selectivity is critically important for the design of novel, highly selective PDE5 inhibitors. Here, we review the structure of PDE5, how its function is regulated, and discuss the clinically available inhibitors that target phosphodiesterase 5, aiming to better understand the structural bases of their affinity and specificity. We also discuss the therapeutic indications of these inhibitors and the potential of repurposing for a wider range of clinical applications.
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9
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Ernst K, Sailer J, Braune M, Barth H. Intoxication of mammalian cells with binary clostridial enterotoxins is inhibited by the combination of pharmacological chaperone inhibitors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:941-954. [PMID: 33284399 PMCID: PMC8102464 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Binary enterotoxins Clostridioides difficile CDT toxin, Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, and Clostridium perfringens iota toxin consist of two separate protein components. The B-components facilitate receptor-mediated uptake into mammalian cells and form pores into endosomal membranes through which the enzymatic active A-components translocate into the cytosol. Here, the A-components ADP-ribosylate G-actin which leads to F-actin depolymerization followed by rounding of cells which causes clinical symptoms. The protein folding helper enzymes Hsp90, Hsp70, and peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases of the cyclophilin (Cyp) and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) families are required for translocation of A-components of CDT, C2, and iota toxins from endosomes to the cytosol. Here, we demonstrated that simultaneous inhibition of these folding helpers by specific pharmacological inhibitors protects mammalian, including human, cells from intoxication with CDT, C2, and iota toxins, and that the inhibitor combination displayed an enhanced effect compared to application of the individual inhibitors. Moreover, combination of inhibitors allowed a concentration reduction of the individual compounds as well as decreasing of the incubation time with inhibitors to achieve a protective effect. These results potentially have implications for possible future therapeutic applications to relieve clinical symptoms caused by bacterial toxins that depend on Hsp90, Hsp70, Cyps, and FKBPs for their membrane translocation into the cytosol of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ernst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Judith Sailer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Braune
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Soleimani A, Rahmani F, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Gene 2019; 726:144132. [PMID: 31669643 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB signaling pathway is a key regulator of CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Over-activation of the NF-κB pathway is a feature of colorectal cancer (CRC). While new combinatorial treatments have improved overall patient outcome; quality of life, cost of care, and patient survival rate have seen little improvement. Suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway using biological or specific pharmacological inhibitors is a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of colon cancer. This review summarizes the regulatory role of NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of CRC for a better understanding and hence a better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Perez-Juarez CE, Arechavaleta-Velasco F, Zeferino-Toquero M, Alvarez-Arellano L, Estrada-Moscoso I, Diaz-Cueto L. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways decreases progranulin expression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) cell line: a potential biomarker for therapy response to signaling pathway inhibitors. Med Oncol 2019; 37:4. [PMID: 31713081 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) have a poor prognosis due to resistance to conventional platinum chemotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated that PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways are involved in this chemoresistance. Progranulin (PGRN) overexpression contributes to cisplatin resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. Also, PGRN expression is regulated by AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in different cell types. Thus, the present study was designed to identify if PGRN expression is regulated by AKT, mTOR, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the OCCC cell line TOV-21G. Cultured TOV-21G cells were incubated with different concentrations of pharmacological cell signaling inhibitors. PGRN expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and mTOR were assessed by Western blotting. Inhibition of AKT, mTOR, and ERK1/2 significantly reduced PGRN expression. Cell viability was not affected, while cell proliferation significantly decreased with all inhibitors used in this study. These observations demonstrated that inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways reduces PGRN expression in TOV-21G cells. Thus, PGRN could be considered as a candidate for explaining the high resistance to platinum-based treatment and a potential biomarker for therapy response to cell signaling inhibitors in patients with OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Perez-Juarez
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Rio Magdalena No. 289, Sexto piso, Tizapan San Angel, 01090, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fabian Arechavaleta-Velasco
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Rio Magdalena No. 289, Sexto piso, Tizapan San Angel, 01090, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Moises Zeferino-Toquero
- Departamento de Oncologia Ginecologica, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Departamento de Cirugia Oncologica, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No.3, Centro Medico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Isaias Estrada-Moscoso
- Departamento de Patologia, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", IMSS, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Laura Diaz-Cueto
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Rio Magdalena No. 289, Sexto piso, Tizapan San Angel, 01090, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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12
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Khoshakhlagh M, Soleimani A, Binabaj MM, Avan A, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potential of pharmacological TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitors in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:17-22. [PMID: 30905655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation, growth, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is complex. TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of disease, and as a tumor promoter in its later stages. Over-activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and over-expression of the TGF-β receptors are frequently found in breast tumors. Suppression of TGF-β pathway using biological or pharmacological inhibitors is a potentially novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment. This review summarizes the regulatory role of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of breast cancer for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Rajasekaran SS, Illies C, Shears SB, Wang H, Ayala TS, Martins JO, Daré E, Berggren PO, Barker CJ. Protein kinase- and lipase inhibitors of inositide metabolism deplete IP 7 indirectly in pancreatic β-cells: Off-target effects on cellular bioenergetics and direct effects on IP6K activity. Cell Signal 2017; 42:127-133. [PMID: 29042286 PMCID: PMC5765549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates have emerged as important regulators of many critical cellular processes from vesicle trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangement to telomere length regulation and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that 5-di-phosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, IP7, is at a high level in pancreatic β-cells and is important for insulin exocytosis. To better understand IP7 regulation in β-cells, we used an insulin secreting cell line, HIT-T15, to screen a number of different pharmacological inhibitors of inositide metabolism for their impact on cellular IP7. Although the inhibitors have diverse targets, they all perturbed IP7 levels. This made us suspicious that indirect, off-target effects of the inhibitors could be involved. It is known that IP7 levels are decreased by metabolic poisons. The fact that the inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) have a high Km for ATP makes IP7 synthesis potentially vulnerable to ATP depletion. Furthermore, many kinase inhibitors are targeted to the ATP binding site of kinases, but given the similarity of such sites, high specificity is difficult to achieve. Here, we show that IP7 concentrations in HIT-T15 cells were reduced by inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin, LY294002), PI4K (Phenylarsine Oxide, PAO), PLC (U73122) and the insulin receptor (HNMPA). Each of these inhibitors also decreased the ATP/ADP ratio. Thus reagents that compromise energy metabolism reduce IP7 indirectly. Additionally, PAO, U73122 and LY294002 also directly inhibited the activity of purified IP6K. These data are of particular concern for those studying signal transduction in pancreatic β-cells, but also highlight the fact that employment of these inhibitors could have erroneously suggested the involvement of key signal transduction pathways in various cellular processes. Conversely, IP7’s role in cellular signal transduction is likely to have been underestimated. In pancreatic β-cells several inhibitors of signal transduction reduce IP7 levels. There is a positive correlation between IP7 reduction and decrease in ATP/ADP. Inhibitors deplete IP7 levels indirectly by decreasing ATP/ADP levels. Some purportedly specific cell-signaling inhibitors directly target IP6K activity. Caution is required in interpreting data obtained using inhibitors of inositide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subu Surendran Rajasekaran
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Illies
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Shears
- Signal Transduction Laboratory/Inositol Signaling Group, NIEHS, Building 101, Room F239, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Huanchen Wang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory/Inositol Signaling Group, NIEHS, Building 101, Room F239, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thais S Ayala
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Daré
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher J Barker
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Azimi I, Flanagan JU, Stevenson RJ, Inserra M, Vetter I, Monteith GR, Denny WA. Evaluation of known and novel inhibitors of Orai1-mediated store operated Ca 2+ entry in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using a Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader assay. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:440-449. [PMID: 27856238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Orai1 Ca2+ permeable ion channel is an important component of store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in cells. It's over-expression in basal molecular subtype breast cancers has been linked with poor prognosis, making it a potential target for drug development. We pharmacologically characterised a number of reported inhibitors of SOCE in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using a convenient Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) assay, and show that the rank order of their potencies in this assay is the same as those reported in a wide range of published assays. The assay was also used in a screening project seeking novel inhibitors. Following a broad literature survey of classes of calcium channel inhibitors we used simplified ligand structures to query the ZINC on-line database, and following two iterations of refinement selected a novel Orai1-selective dichlorophenyltriazole hit compound. Analogues of this were synthesized and evaluated in the FLIPR assay to develop structure-activity relationships (SAR) for the three domains of the hit; triazole (head), dichlorophenyl (body) and substituted phenyl (tail). For this series, the results suggested the need for a lipophilic tail domain and an out-of-plane twist between the body and tail domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Azimi
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ralph J Stevenson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marco Inserra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Capel V, Vllasaliu D, Watts P, Stolnik S. Insight into the relationship between the cell culture model, cell trafficking and siRNA silencing efficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:260-5. [PMID: 27349867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite research efforts, cell uptake processes determining siRNA silencing efficiency remain unclear. Here, we examine the relationship between in vitro cell culture models, cellular trafficking and siRNA silencing efficiency to provide a mechanistic insight on siRNA delivery system design. Model siRNA-polyplexes, based on chitosan as a ‘classical’ condensing agent, were applied to a panel of lung epithelial cell lines, H1299, A549 and Calu-3 and cell internalization levels, trafficking pathways and gene silencing assessed on exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. The data reveal striking differences in the internalization behaviour and gene silencing efficiency in the tested cell lines, despite their common lung epithelial origins. The model system’s silencing was lower where clathrin internalization pathway predominated in Calu-3, relative to silencing in H1299 cells where a non-clathrin internalization appears dominant. Increased silencing on endosomal disruption was apparent in Calu-3 cells, but absent when cellular internalization was not predominantly clathrin-mediated in A549 cells. This highlights that identifying cell trafficking pathways before incorporation of functional components to siRNA delivery systems (e.g. endosomolytic compounds) is crucial. The study hence stresses the importance of selection of appropriate cell culture model, relevant to in vivo target, to assess the gene silencing efficiency and decide which functionalities the ‘stratified siRNA silencing vector’ requires. Relationship between cell type, uptake path and silencing examined to inform siRNA vector design. Notable differences observed in cell uptake pathways and silencing despite cells’ common origin. Addition of endosomolytic functionality shows no effect when non-clathrin pathways dominate. Cell model important to assess silencing and decide which functionalities siRNA vector requires.
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16
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Ciarlo E, Roger T. Screening the Impact of Sirtuin Inhibitors on Inflammatory and Innate Immune Responses of Macrophages and in a Mouse Model of Endotoxic Shock. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1436:313-34. [PMID: 27246224 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3667-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development and screening of pharmacological modulators of histone deacetylases (HDACs), and particularly sirtuins, is a promising field for the identification of new drugs susceptible to be used for treatment strategies in a large array of welfare-associated, autoimmune and oncologic diseases. Here we describe a comprehensive protocol to evaluate the impact of sirtuin-targeting drugs on inflammatory and innate immune responses in vitro and in a preclinical mouse model of endotoxemia. We first provide an overview on strategies to design in vitro experiments, then focus on the analysis of cytokine production by primary macrophages and RAW 267.7 macrophages at the mRNA and protein levels, and finally describe the setup and follow-up of a mouse model of inflammation-driven endotoxic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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17
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Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Brühl O, Enzenmüller S, La Ferla-Brühl K, Siegelin MD, Nonnenmacher L, Debatin KM. A critical evaluation of PI3K inhibition in Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma therapy. Mol Cell Ther 2014; 2:32. [PMID: 26056598 PMCID: PMC4452069 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of the PI3K/Akt/mTor signaling cascade are among the most frequently altered proteins in cancer, yet the therapeutic application of pharmacological inhibitors of this signaling network, either as monotherapy or in combination therapy (CT) has so far not been particularly successful. In this review we will focus on the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in two distinct tumors, Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an adult brain tumor which frequently exhibits PTEN inactivation, and Neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood malignancy that affects the central nervous system and does not harbor any classic alterations in PI3K/Akt signaling. We will argue that inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signaling can be components for potentially promising new CTs in both tumor entities, but further understanding of the signal cascade's complexity is essential for successful implementation of these CTs. Importantly, failure to do this might lead to severe adverse effects, such as treatment failure and enhanced therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Oliver Brühl
- Laboratorio Analisi Sicilia Catania, Lentini, SR Italy
| | - Stefanie Enzenmüller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Brühl O, Enzenmüller S, La Ferla-Brühl K, Siegelin MD, Nonnenmacher L, Debatin KM. A critical evaluation of PI3K inhibition in Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma therapy. Mol Cell Ther 2014; 2:32. [PMID: 26056598 PMCID: PMC4452069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Members of the PI3K/Akt/mTor signaling cascade are among the most frequently altered proteins in cancer, yet the therapeutic application of pharmacological inhibitors of this signaling network, either as monotherapy or in combination therapy (CT) has so far not been particularly successful. In this review we will focus on the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in two distinct tumors, Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an adult brain tumor which frequently exhibits PTEN inactivation, and Neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood malignancy that affects the central nervous system and does not harbor any classic alterations in PI3K/Akt signaling. We will argue that inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signaling can be components for potentially promising new CTs in both tumor entities, but further understanding of the signal cascade's complexity is essential for successful implementation of these CTs. Importantly, failure to do this might lead to severe adverse effects, such as treatment failure and enhanced therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- />Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- />Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Oliver Brühl
- />Laboratorio Analisi Sicilia Catania, Lentini, SR Italy
| | - Stefanie Enzenmüller
- />Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- />Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- />Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- />Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Jiménez E, Núñez E, Ibáñez I, Zafra F, Aragón C, Giménez C. Glycine transporters GlyT1 and GlyT2 are differentially modulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Neuropharmacology 2014; 89:245-54. [PMID: 25301276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission is terminated by the specific glycine transporters GlyT1 and GlyT2 which actively reuptake glycine from the synaptic cleft. GlyT1 is associated with both glycinergic and glutamatergic pathways, and is the main regulator of the glycine levels in the synapses. GlyT2 is the main supplier of glycine for vesicle refilling, a process that is vital to preserve the quantal glycine content in synaptic vesicles. Therefore, to control glycinergic neurotransmission efficiently, GlyT1 and GlyT2 activity must be regulated by diverse neuronal and glial signaling pathways. In this work, we have investigated the possible functional modulation of GlyT1 and GlyT2 by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β). This kinase is involved in mood stabilization, neurodegeneration and plasticity at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The co-expression of GSK3β with GlyT1 or GlyT2 in COS-7 cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes, leads to inhibition and stimulation of GlyT1 and GlyT2 activities, respectively, with a decrease of GlyT1, and an increase in GlyT2 levels at the plasma membrane. The specificity of these changes is supported by the antagonism exerted by a catalytically inactive form of the kinase and through inhibitors of GSK3β such as lithium chloride and TDZD-8. GSK3β also increases the incorporation of 32Pi into GlyT1 and decreases that of GlyT2. The pharmacological inhibition of the endogenous GSK3β in neuron cultures of brainstem and spinal cord leads to an opposite modulation of GlyT1 and GlyT2.Our results suggest that GSK3β is important for stabilizing and/or controlling the expression of functional GlyTs on the neural cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Jiménez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Núñez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ibáñez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Zafra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Aragón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Giménez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
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