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Jing ZB, Wang WL, Nong YJ, Peng L, Yang ZC, Ye B, Lee MY, Wu QY. Suppression of photoreactivation of E. coli by excimer far-UV light (222 nm) via damage to multiple targets. Water Res 2024; 255:121533. [PMID: 38569359 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-pressure mercury lamps emitting at 254 nm (UV254) are used widely for disinfection. However, subsequent exposure to visible light results in photoreactivation of treated bacteria. This study employed a krypton chloride excimer lamp emitting at 222 nm (UV222) to inactivate E. coli. UV222 and UV254 treatment had similar E. coli-inactivation kinetics. Upon subsequent irradiation with visible light, E. coli inactivated by UV254 was reactivated from 2.71-log to 4.75-log, whereas E. coli inactivated by UV222 showed negligible photoreactivation. UV222 treatment irreversibly broke DNA strands in the bacterium, whereas UV254 treatment primarily formed nucleobase dimers. Additionally, UV222 treatment caused cell membrane damage, resulting in wizened, pitted cells and permeability changes. The damage to the cell membrane was mainly due to the photolysis of proteins and lipids by UV222. Furthermore, the photolysis of proteins by UV222 destroyed enzymes, which blocked photoreactivation and dark repair. The multiple damages can be further evidenced by 4.0-61.1 times higher quantum yield in the photolysis of nucleobases and amino acids for UV222 than UV254. This study demonstrates that UV222 treatment damages multiple sites in bacteria, leading to their inactivation. Employing UV222 treatment as an alternative to UV254 could be viable for inhibiting microorganism photoreactivation in water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yu-Jia Nong
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi-Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Division of Chemical Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Xiang JL, Wang JJ, Wu ZJ, Xu BJ, Du HS, Chen Y, Liu M, Lee MY, Wang WL, Du Y. Efficient wastewater disinfection using a novel microwave discharge electrodeless ultraviolet system with ozone at an ultra-low dose. J Hazard Mater 2024; 464:133011. [PMID: 37988868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) is a novel ultraviolet (UV) light source. Synergistic disinfection using UV light emitted by MDEL (MWUV) coupled with ozone (O3) at an ultra-low dose was investigated. Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were deactivated more effectively by MWUV/O3 than by either MWUV or O3 alone. MWUV/O3 treatment using an O3 concentration of 0.4 mg/L gave an E. coli inactivation rate of 5.52 log. The photoreactivation degree and rate of E. coli were lower after inactivation by MWUV/O3 treatment than after MWUV treatment alone. The maximum photoreactivation rates after the MWUV/O3 and MWUV treatments were 2.90% and 16.08%, respectively. MWUV/O3 disinfection also inhibited dark resurrection of E. coli and gave a maximum dark resurrection rate of 0.0036%. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that more hydroxyl radicals were generated during MWUV/O3 treatment. Scanning electron microscopy and laser confocal scanning microscopy observations indicated that O3 played a key role in breaking down the cell structure. MWUV/O3 treatment gave a good disinfection effect on fecal coliform bacteria in actual domestic wastewater. The results indicated that inactivation of bacteria can be more effectively achieved by MWUV treatment with O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Lin Xiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Wu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bao-Jun Xu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Du
- Sichuan Macyouwei Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Division of Chemical Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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3
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Yu L, Xu SY, Luo XC, Ying SH, Feng MG. High photoreactivation activities of Rad2 and Rad14 in recovering insecticidal Beauveria bassiana from solar UV damage. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 251:112849. [PMID: 38277960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Anti-ultraviolet (UV) roles of Rad2 and Rad14 depend on nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV-induced DNA lesions in budding yeast but remain unexplored yet in filamentous fungi. Here, nucleus-specific Rad2 and Rad14 orthologs are shown to recover Beauveria bassiana, a main source of wide-spectrum mycoinsecticides, from solar UV damage through photorepair-depending photoreactivation. As a photorepair index, photoreactivation (germination) rates of lethal UVB dose-irradiated conidia via a 3- or 5-h light plus 9- or 7-h dark incubation at 25 °C were drastically reduced in the Δrad2 and Δrad14 mutants versus a wild-type strain. As an NER index, nighttime-mimicking 12-h dark reactivation rates of low UVB dose-impaired conidia decreased sharply compared to the corresponding photoreactivation rates in the presence or absence of either ortholog, indicating that its extant NER activity was limited to recovering light UVB damage in the field. The high photoreactivation activity of either Rad2 or Rad14 was derived from its tight link to a large protein complex formed by photolyase regulators and other anti-UV proteins through multiple protein-protein interactions revealed by yeast two-hybrid assays. Therefore, Rad2 and Rad14 recover B. bassiana from solar UV damage through photoreactiovation in vivo that depends primarily on photorepair, although they contribute little to the fungal lifecycle-related phenotypes. These findings unveil a novel scenario distinguished from the NER-depending anti-UV roles of Rad2 and Rad14 in the model yeast and broaden a biological basis crucial for rational application of fungal insecticides to improve pest control efficacy via feasible recovery of solar UV damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Si-Yuan Xu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Luo
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Ribeiro RS, Mencalha AL, de Souza da Fonseca A. Could violet-blue lights increase the bacteria resistance against ultraviolet radiation mediated by photolyases? Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:253. [PMID: 37930459 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated bacterial inactivation by radiations at wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm emitted by low-power light sources. The phototoxic activity of these radiations could occur by oxidative damage in DNA and membrane proteins/lipids. However, some cellular mechanisms can reverse these damages in DNA, allowing the maintenance of genetic stability. Photoreactivation is among such mechanisms able to repair DNA damages induced by ultraviolet radiation, ranging from ultraviolet A to blue radiations. In this review, studies on the effects of violet and blue lights emitted by low-power LEDs on bacteria were accessed by PubMed, and discussed the repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage by photoreactivation mechanisms. Data from such studies suggested bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet (405 nm) and blue (425-460 nm) radiations emitted from LEDs. However, other studies showed bacterial photoreactivation induced by radiations at 348-440 nm. This process occurs by photolyase enzymes, which absorb photons at wavelengths and repair DNA damage. Although authors have reported bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet and blue radiations emitted from LEDs, pre-exposure to such radiations at low fluences could activate the photolyases, increasing resistance to DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickson Souza Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 11125964004, Brazil.
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5
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Zhang YX, Xiang JL, Wang JJ, Du HS, Wang TT, Huo ZY, Wang WL, Liu M, Du Y. Ultraviolet-based synergistic processes for wastewater disinfection: A review. J Hazard Mater 2023; 453:131393. [PMID: 37062094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is widely used for wastewater disinfection but suffers from low inactivation rates and can cause photoreactivation of microorganisms. Synergistic disinfection with UV and oxidants is promising for enhancing the inactivation performance. This review summarizes the inactivation effects on representative microorganisms by UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), UV/ozone (O3), UV/persulfate (PS), UV/chlorine, and UV/chlorine dioxide (ClO2). UV synergistic processes perform better than UV or an oxidant alone. UV mainly attacks the DNA or RNA in microorganisms; the oxidants H2O2 and O3 mainly attack the cell walls, cell membranes, and other external structures; and HOCl and ClO2 enter cells and oxidize proteins and enzymes. Free radicals can have strong oxidation effects on cell walls, cell membranes, proteins, enzymes, and even DNA. At similar UV doses, the inactivation rates of Escherichia coli with UV alone, UV/H2O2, UV/O3, UV/PS (peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate), and UV/chlorinated oxidant (chlorine, ClO2, and NH2Cl) range from 2.03 to 3.84 log, 2.62-4.30 log, 4.02-6.08 log, 2.93-5.07 log, and 3.78-6.55 log, respectively. The E. coli inactivation rates are in the order of UV/O3 ≈ UV/Cl2 > UV/PS > UV/H2O2. This order is closely related to the redox potentials of the oxidants and quantum yields of the radicals. UV synergistic disinfection processes inhibit photoreactivation of E. coli in the order of UV/O3 > UV/PS > UV/H2O2. The activation mechanisms and formation pathways of free radicals with different UV-based synergistic processes are presented. In addition to generating HO·, O3 can reduce the turbidity and chroma of wastewater to increase UV penetration, which improves the disinfection performance of UV/O3. This knowledge will be useful for further development of the UV-based synergistic disinfection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jue-Lin Xiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Du
- Sichuan Macyouwei Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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6
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Li H, Zhang R, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Wang T. Conjugation transfer of plasma-induced sublethal antibiotic resistance genes under photoreactivation: Alleviation mechanism of intercellular contact. J Hazard Mater 2023; 455:131620. [PMID: 37196446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a huge challenge worldwide. Information regarding underlying mechanisms of conjugation transfer of sublethal ARGs under photoreactivation is still lacking. In this study, experimental exploration and model prediction were conducted to evaluate the effects of photoreactivation on conjugation transfer of plasma-induced sublethal ARGs. The experimental results showed that reactive species (O2-•, 1O2, and •OH) generated in the plasma process led to 0.32, 1.45, 3.21, 4.10, and 3.96-log removal for tetC, tetW, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-II, and intI1 after 8 min treatment at 18 kV, respectively. Their attacks led to breakage and mineralization of ARGs-containing DNA and disturbance of bacterial metabolism. The conjugation transfer frequency increased by 0.58-fold after 48 h of photoreactivation compared with the plasma treatment, as well as the abundances of ARGs and reactive oxygen species levels. The alleviation effects of photoreactivation were independent of cell membrane permeability, but related to promotion of intercellular contact. Ordinary differential equation model predicted that the stabilization time of long-term transfer of ARGs significantly increased by 50 % after photoreactivation compared with the plasma treatment, and the conjugation transfer frequency also increased. This study firstly revealed the mechanisms of conjugation transfer of sublethal ARGs under photoreactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in northwestern China, China; Key Lab. of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in northwestern China of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in northwestern China, China; Key Lab. of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in northwestern China of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- school of science, Xi'an Jiaotong-liverpool University, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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7
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Martín-Sómer M, Pablos C, Adán C, van Grieken R, Marugán J. A review on led technology in water photodisinfection. Sci Total Environ 2023; 885:163963. [PMID: 37149196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase in efficiency achieved by UV LED devices has led to a compelling increase in research reports on UV LED water treatment for consumption in the past few years. This paper presents an in-depth review based on recent studies on the suitability and performance of UV LED-driven processes for water disinfection. The effect of different UV wavelengths and their combinations was analysed for the inactivation of various microorganisms and the inhibition of repair mechanisms. Whereas 265 nm UVC LED present a higher DNA damaging potential, 280 nm radiation is reported to repress photoreactivation and dark repair. No synergistic effects have been proved to exist when coupling UVB + UVC whereas sequential UVA-UVC radiation seemed to enhance inactivation. Benefits of pulsed over continuous radiation in terms of germicidal effects and energy consumption were also analysed, but with inconclusive results. However, pulsed radiation may be promising for improving thermal management. As a challenge, the use of UV LED sources introduces significant inhomogeneities in the light distribution, pushing for the development of adequate simulation methods to ensure that the minimum target dose required for the target microbes is achieved. Concerning energy consumption, selecting the optimal wavelength of the UV LED needs a compromise between the quantum efficiency of the process and the electricity-to-photon conversion. The expected development of the UV LED industry in the next few years points to UVC LED as a promising technology for water disinfection at a large scale that could be competitive in the market in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martín-Sómer
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pablos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Adán
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael van Grieken
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Marugán
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Demeersseman N, Saegeman V, Cossey V, Devriese H, Schuermans A. Shedding a light on ultraviolet-C technologies in the hospital environment. J Hosp Infect 2023; 132:85-92. [PMID: 36565930 PMCID: PMC9769028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-C light for disinfection has experienced a surge in popularity since the outbreak of COVID-19. Currently, many different UV-C systems, with varied properties that impact disinfection performance, are available on the market. Therefore this review aims to bundle the available information on UV-C disinfection to obtain an overview of its advantages, disadvantages, and performance-influencing parameters. A literature search was performed using the snowball search method in Google Scholar and PubMed with the following keywords: UV-C disinfection, UV-C dose, UV-C light source, UV-C repair mechanism, UV-C photoreactivation, and UV-C disinfection standards. The main parameters of UV-C disinfection are wavelength, dose, relative humidity, and temperature. There is no consensus about their optimal values, but, in general, light at a high dose and a spectrum of wavelengths containing 260 nm is preferred in an environment at room temperature with low relative humidity. This light can be generated by mercury-vapour, light-emitting diode (LED), pulsed-xenon, or excimer lamps. Multiple factors are detrimental to disinfection performance such as shadowing, a rough surface topography, a high level of contamination, repair mechanisms, and the lack of standardization. Also, there are health and safety risks associated with the UV-C technology when used in the proximity of people. UV-C disinfection systems have promising features and the potential to improve in the future. However, clarifications surrounding the different parameters influencing the technologies' effectiveness in hospital environment are needed. Therefore UV-C disinfection should currently be considered for low-level rather than high-level disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Demeersseman
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospitals Leuven and Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Saegeman
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospitals Leuven and Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Cossey
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospitals Leuven and Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Devriese
- Department of Prevention and Environment, University Hospitals Leuven and Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Schuermans
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospitals Leuven and Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Tsukada K, Hatakeyama S, Tanaka S. DNA interstrand crosslink repair by XPF-ERCC1 homologue confers ultraviolet resistance in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 164:103752. [PMID: 36435348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is a mutagen that causes DNA damage. Some UV-sensitive Neurospora crassa strains have been reported to exhibit a partial photoreactivation defect (PPD) phenotype, and the possible cause of this has been unknown for more than half a century. In this study, in the process of elucidating the possible causes of a PPD phenotype, we discovered that the XPF homologue MUS-38 is involved in repairing the UV-induced DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) in N. crassa. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the Δmus-38 and Δmus-44 strains to ICL agents was significantly higher than that of other nucleotide excision repair (NER)-related gene knockout (KO) strains, indicating that the MUS-38/MUS-44 complex is involved in an NER-independent ICL repair mechanism. Based on reports concerning the mammalian homologues XPF and ERCC1 we obtained separation-of-function mutants defective only in NER in mus-38 and mus-44. Additionally, the photoreactivation ability of these mutants was significantly higher than that of the KO strains. These results indicate that the PPD phenotype is caused by a defect in the repair-ability of ICL induced by UV and that an NER-independent ICL repair by MUS-38 and MUS-44 confers resistance to UV in N. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tsukada
- Laboratory of Genetics, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura Ward, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shin Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Genetics, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura Ward, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shuuitsu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Genetics, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura Ward, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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10
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Yao S, Ye J, Xia J, Hu Y, Zhao X, Xie J, Lin K, Cui C. Inactivation and photoreactivation of bla NDM-1-carrying super-resistant bacteria by UV, chlorination and UV/chlorination. J Hazard Mater 2022; 439:129549. [PMID: 35868090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The excessive dissemination of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), which mediates resistance to a majority of clinical β-lactam antibiotics, has created a major public health problem worldwide. Herein, a blaNDM-1-carrying (plasmid encoded) super-resistant bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. CS-2, was selected to reveal its mechanisms of inactivation and photoreactivation during UV, chlorination and UV/chlorination disinfection. The inactivated CS-2 underwent a certain photoreactivation after UV and chlorination. The logistic model precisely fitted the data obtained in the photoreactivation experiments by UV treatment, with the estimated kinetic parameters Sm (0.530%-12.071%) and k2 (0.0009-0.0471). The photoreactivation of Acinetobacter sp. CS-2 was observed when treated by chlorination at a dosage of 0.5 mg/L with a survival ratio of 34.04%. UV/chlorination not only resulted in the high-efficiency reduction of CS-2 but also effectively controlled its photoreactivation with a survival ratio of 0%- 0.87%. UV/chlorination showed great advantages in causing the irreversible destruction of bacterial surface structures by making the cell membranes wrinkled and incomplete compared with UV disinfection. The singlet oxygen (1O2) generated during UV/chlorination treatment played a vital role in blaNDM-1 removal. This study proposed new insights into the mechanism of inactivation and the characteristics of photoreactivation for the super-resistant bacteria by UV, chlorination and UV/chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yaru Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuetao Zhao
- Center for Disease Control & Prevention of Xuhui, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhao Xie
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Changzheng Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai environmental protection key laboratory on environmental standard and risk management of chemical pollutants, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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11
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Wu G, Zhao H, Wan Q, Xu X, Cao R, Li K, Wang J, Huang T, Lu J, Wen G. Inactivation and subsequent reactivation of Aspergillus species by the combination of UV and monochloramine: Comparisons with UV/chlorine. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:105-118. [PMID: 35725063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)/monochloramine (NH2Cl) as an advanced oxidation process was firstly applied for Aspergillus spores inactivation. This study aims to: i) clarify the inactivation and photoreactivation characteristics of UV/NH2Cl process, ii) compared with UV/Cl2 in inactivation efficiency, photoreactivation and energy consumption. The results illustrated that UV/NH2Cl showed better inactivation efficiency than that of UV alone and UV/Cl2, and could effectively control the photoreactivation. For instance, the inactivation rates for Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus in the processes of UV/NH2Cl (2.0 mg/L) was 0.034, 0.030 and 0.061 cm2/mJ, respectively, which were higher than that of UV alone (0.027, 0.026 and 0.024 cm2/mJ) and UV/Cl2 (0.023, 0.026 and 0.031 cm2/mJ). However, there was no synergistic effect for Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. As for Aspergillus niger, the best synergistic effect can reach 1.86-log10. This may be due to their different resistance to disinfectants, which were related to the size, an outer layer of rodlets (hydrophobins) and pigments. After UV/NH2Cl inactivation, the degree of cell membrane damage and intracellular reactive oxygen species were higher than that of UV alone. UV/NH2Cl had the advantages of high inactivation efficiency and inhibition of photoreactivation, which provides a new entry point for the disinfection of waterborne fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qiqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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12
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Brancini GTP, Hallsworth JE, Corrochano LM, Braga GÚL. Photobiology of the keystone genus Metarhizium. J Photochem Photobiol B 2022; 226:112374. [PMID: 34954528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metarhizium fungi are soil-inhabiting ascomycetes which are saprotrophs, symbionts of plants, pathogens of insects, and participate in other trophic/ecological interactions, thereby performing multiple essential ecosystem services. Metarhizium species are used to control insect pests of crop plants and insects that act as vectors of human and animal diseases. To fulfil their functions in the environment and as biocontrol agents, these fungi must endure cellular stresses imposed by the environment, one of the most potent of which is solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we examine the cellular stress biology of Metarhizium species in context of their photobiology, showing how photobiology facilitates key aspects of their ecology as keystone microbes and as mycoinsectides. The biophysical basis of UV-induced damage to Metarhizium, and mechanistic basis of molecular and cellular responses to effect damage repair, are discussed and interpreted in relation to the solar radiation received on Earth. We analyse the interplay between UV and visible light and how the latter increases cellular tolerance to the former via expression of a photolyase gene. By integrating current knowledge, we propose the mechanism through which Metarhizium species use the visible fraction of (low-UV) early-morning light to mitigate potentially lethal damage from intense UV radiation later in the day. We also show how this mechanism could increase Metarhizium environmental persistence and improve its bioinsecticide performance. We discuss the finding that visible light modulates stress biology in the context of further work needed on Metarhizium ecology in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and as keystone microbes that provide essential services within Earth's biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme T P Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Luis M Corrochano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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13
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Wang H, Liu H, Yu Q, Fan F, Liu S, Feng G, Zhang P. A CPD photolyase gene PnPHR1 from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans is involved in the resistance to UV-B radiation and salinity stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 167:235-244. [PMID: 34385002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In Antarctic continent, the organisms are exposed to high ultraviolet (UV) radiation because of damaged stratospheric ozone. UV causes DNA lesions due to the accumulation of photoproducts. Photolyase can repair UV-damaged DNA in a light-dependent process by electron transfer mechanism. Here, we isolated a CPD photolyase gene PnPHR1 from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, which encodes a protein of theoretical molecular weight of 69.1 KDa. The expression level of PnPHR1 was increased by UV-B irradiation. Enzyme activity assay in vitro showed that PnPHR1 exhibited photoreactivation activity, which can repair CPD photoproducts in a light-dependent manner. The complementation assay of repair-deficient E. coli strain SY2 demonstrated that PnPHR1 gene enhanced the survival rate of SY2 strain after UV-B radiation. Additionally, overexpression of PnPHR1 enhanced the Arabidopsis resistance to UV-B radiation and salinity stress, which also conferred plant tolerance to oxidative stress by decreasing ROS production and increasing ROS clearance. Our work shows that PnPHR1 encodes an active CPD photolyase, which may participate in the adaptation of P. nutans to polar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Medical Administration Department, Shinan District Health Bureau, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Qian Yu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fenghua Fan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Guihua Feng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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14
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An M, Qu C, Miao J, Sha Z. Two class II CPD photolyases, PiPhr1 and PiPhr2, with CPD repair activity from the Antarctic diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum ICE-H. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:377. [PMID: 34367869 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two gene of class II photolyases, PiPhr1 (1833 bp) and PiPhr2 (1809 bp), from the Antarctic diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum ICE-H were cloned, the recombinant proteins expressed and purified. The molecular weight of the recombinant photolyases were determined to be 68 kDa with a pI of 9.04 and 68.82 with a pI of 7.31, respectively. Activity studies showed that both the recombinant enzymes were involved in the repair DNA damaged by UV light, that is they were most likely photolyases involved in photorepair of DNA. Further confirmation of this function was demonstrated by the increased expression of PiPhr1 and PiPhr2 after exposure to UV radiation, blue light and dark conditions by qRT-PCR. In summary, PiPhr1 and PiPhr2 were up regulated by UVB irradiation and blue light at 0.5 h and 3 h. Longtime (3 h) exposure to dark also increased the expression of PiPhr1 and PiPhr2. In vitro photoreactivation assays showed that PiPhr1 and PiPhr2 could repair CPDs utilizing blue light. This is the first time CPD Class II photolyase has been reported from Antarctic diatom. These results will add to the knowledge of the diatom CPF family and assist in understanding the functional role of these genes in Antarctic diatoms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02927-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling An
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
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15
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Nakamura M, Nunoshiba T, Hiratsu K. Detection and analysis of UV-induced mutations in the chromosomal DNA of Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 554:89-93. [PMID: 33784511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, plants are exposed to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which damages chromosomal DNA. Although plant responses to UV-induced DNA damage have recently been elucidated in detail, revealing a set of DNA repair mechanisms and translesion synthesis (TLS), limited information is currently available on UV-induced mutations in plants. We previously reported the development of a supF-based system for the detection of a broad spectrum of mutations in the chromosomal DNA of Arabidopsis. In the present study, we used this system to investigate UV-induced mutations in plants. The irradiation of supF-transgenic plants with UV-C (500 and 1000 J/m2) significantly increased mutation frequencies (26- and 45-fold, respectively). G:C to A:T transitions (43-67% of base substitutions) dominated in the mutation spectrum and were distributed throughout single, tandem, and multiple base substitutions. Most of these mutations became undetectable with the subsequent illumination of UV-irradiated plants with white light for photoreactivation (PR). These results indicated that not only G:C to A:T single base substitutions, but also tandem and multiple base substitutions were caused by two major UV-induced photoproducts, cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4 PPs). In contrast, a high proportion of A:T to T:A transversions (56% of base substitutions) was a characteristic feature of the mutation spectrum obtained from photoreactivated plants. These results define the presence of the characteristic feature of UV-induced mutations, and provide insights into DNA repair mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Hashirimizu 1-10-20, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nunoshiba
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University, Osawa 3-10-2, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hiratsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Hashirimizu 1-10-20, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-8686, Japan.
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16
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Wang H, Wang J, Li S, Ding G, Wang K, Zhuang T, Huang X, Wang X. Synergistic effect of UV/chlorine in bacterial inactivation, resistance gene removal, and gene conjugative transfer blocking. Water Res 2020; 185:116290. [PMID: 32818733 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated from effluent of two hospital and two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) before and after disinfection. The results of network analysis showed that 8 genera were identified to be the main potential hosts of ARGs, including Mycobacterium, Ferruginibacter, Thermomonas, Morganella, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Myroides and Romboutsia. The removal of ARGs and their possible bacterialhosts were synchronous and consistent by chlorine or ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in WWTPs. The mechanisms of ARB and ARGs removal, and conjugation transfer of RP4 plasmids by UV, chlorine and synergistic UV/chlorine disinfection was revealed. Compared to UV alone, ARB inactivation was improved 1.4 log and photoreactivation was overcomeeffectively by UV/chlorine combination (8 mJ/cm2, chlorine 2 mg/L). However, ARGs degradation was more difficult than ARB inactivation. Until UV dosage enhanced to 320 mJ/cm2, ARGs achieved 0.58-1.60 log removal. Meanwhile, when 2 mg/L of chlorine was combined with UV combination, ARGs removal enhanced 1-1.5 log. The synergistic effect of adding low-dose chlorine (1-2 mg/L) during UV radiation effectively improved ARB and ARGs removal simultaneously. The same synergistic effect also occurred in the horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Non-lethal dose chlorine (0.5 mg/L) increased the conjugation transfer frequency,which confirmed that the mRNA expression levels of type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins vir4D, vir5B and vir10B were significantly enhanced. The risk of RP4 plasmid conjugation transfer was significantly reduced with UV/chlorine (UV ≥ 4 mJ/cm2, chlorine ≥ 1 mg/L). These findings may serve as valuable implications for assessing and controlling the risk of ARGs transfer and propagation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Shuming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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17
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Wan Q, Wen G, Cao R, Zhao H, Xu X, Xia Y, Wu G, Lin W, Wang J, Huang T. Simultaneously enhance the inactivation and inhibit the photoreactivation of fungal spores by the combination of UV-LEDs and chlorine: Kinetics and mechanisms. Water Res 2020; 184:116143. [PMID: 32688151 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne fungi have been recognized as an emerging environmental contaminant in recent years. This work was to investigate the inactivation efficiency and mechanisms of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs)/chlorine (Cl2) (265, 280 and 265/280 nm combination) and LPUV/Cl2 (254 nm) treatments for three fungal species compared with individual disinfection processes. Control of photoreactivation for fungal species inactivated by UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 was also evaluated. The results revealed that the combined UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 processes, especially UV-LEDs/Cl2, exhibited better inactivation performance compared to UV alone and Cl2 alone based on the inactivation rate constants, and an evident synergistic effect was observed. For example, the inactivation rates for Penicillium polonicum in the processes of UV265/Cl2, UV280/Cl2, UV265/280/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 was 0.142, 0.168, 0.174 and 0.106 cm2/mJ, respectively, which were all approximately 1.5-fold higher than that of UV alone. The synergistic effect of fungal spores inactivation by UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 was due to the high level production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the reaction of potential extracellular free radicals. Resistance of the tested fungal spores was as follows: Trichoderma harzianum < Penicillium polonicum < Aspergillus niger. In addition, the joint effect of DNA and other cellular damage resulted in the inhibition of photoreactivation of fungal spores inactivated by UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 compared with that of fungal spore inactivated by UV alone. This study may provide reference for controlling the dissemination of waterborne fungi utilizing combined UV-LEDs and free chlorine processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Yuancheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Gehui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
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18
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Romero-Martínez L, Rivas-Zaballos I, Moreno-Andrés J, Moreno-Garrido I, Acevedo-Merino A, Nebot E. Effect of the length of dark storage following ultraviolet irradiation of Tetraselmis suecica and its implications for ballast water management. Sci Total Environ 2020; 711:134611. [PMID: 31810674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Meeting the recent biological standards established by the Ballast Water Management Convention requires the application of ballast water treatment systems; ultraviolet irradiation is a frequently used option. However, organisms can repair the damage caused by ultraviolet irradiation primarily with photo-repair mechanisms that are dependent on the availability of light. The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of dark storage following ultraviolet irradiation on the viability of the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica. Results showed that one day of dark storage after ultraviolet irradiation enhanced the inactivation rate by 50% with respect to the absence of dark storage and increased up to the 84% with five days of dark storage. These results are consistent with photorepair, mostly in the first two days, prevented in the dark. The dose required to inactivate a determined ratio of organisms was correlated with the length of the dark post-treatment according to an inverse proportional function. This correlation may help to optimize the operation of ultraviolet ballast water treatment systems. Further, the results show that growth assays can detect organisms that are capable of repair after treatment with UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Romero-Martínez
- Department of Environmental Technologies, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Rivas-Zaballos
- Department of Environmental Technologies, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno-Andrés
- Department of Environmental Technologies, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, s/n 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Asunción Acevedo-Merino
- Department of Environmental Technologies, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Nebot
- Department of Environmental Technologies, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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19
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Nyangaresi PO, Qin Y, Chen G, Zhang B, Lu Y, Shen L. Comparison of the performance of pulsed and continuous UVC-LED irradiation in the inactivation of bacteria. Water Res 2019; 157:218-227. [PMID: 30954697 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) is a newly emerging UV light source with a potential to replace the conventional chemical methods, mercury UV lamps and xenon lamps in water disinfection. UV-LEDs are characterized by the diversity in wavelengths and can be turned on and off with a high and adjustable frequency, making them an attractive candidate for pulsed light (PL) disinfection apart from the conventional continuous wave (CW) operation. Previous studies on comparison between the PL and CW UV-LED irradiations for the inactivation of bacterium in water disinfection are limited and results conflict. In this work, PL and CW UV-LED in the C-spectral band (UVC-LED) irradiations were compared at equivalent fluence in the inactivation and subsequent photoreactivation of E. coli bacteria. In addition, effect of different driving currents and ambient temperatures on solder temperature of the PL and CW UVC-LED irradiation was also examined. Under the equivalent fluences, the PL and CW UVC-LED irradiations brought comparable inactivation efficiency and similar photoreactivation of the E. coli. Moreover, the PL UVC-LED exhibited a much lower solder temperature than the CW UVC-LED irradiation. On the other hand, CW UVC-LED irradiation, higher ambient temperature and higher driving current increased the solder temperature that resulted to a negative impact on the wavelength, full width at half maximum, optical power and irradiance, which are key factors in the UVC-LED disinfection efficiency. In all, this work reports the comparison between PL and CW in UVC-LED irradiation for inactivating E. coli bacteria and firstly revealed the photoreactivation of the E. coli after the PL UVC-LEDs irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Onkundi Nyangaresi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Optoelectronics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Optoelectronics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Guolong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Optoelectronics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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20
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Wen G, Deng X, Wan Q, Xu X, Huang T. Photoreactivation of fungal spores in water following UV disinfection and their control using UV-based advanced oxidation processes. Water Res 2019; 148:1-9. [PMID: 30340126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of repair system in microorganisms after ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage to them evokes concern regarding the effectiveness of UV disinfection. Most studies focus on the repair of bacteria, but little research has been conducted on the repair of fungi in water. This study aimed to investigate the photoreactivation and dark repair properties of three dominant genera of fungal spores (Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium polonicum) isolated from groundwater. UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (including UV/peroxymonosulfate and UV/hydrogen peroxide) were used to control their photoreactivation. The results demonstrated that the three genera of fungal spores inactivated by UV (254 nm) exhibited different levels of photoreactivation under UVA (365 nm) exposure, and the photoreactivation percentage showed that T. harzianum (51.35%) >A. niger (29.07%) >P. polonicum (9.01%). The photoreactivation process of fungal spores was well described by the first-order model. T. harzianum had lower photoreactivation percentage but a more rapid initial photoreactivation process than E. coli. Higher UV dosages significantly decreased the photoreactivation percentage of fungal spores. However, dark repair was insignificant following UV disinfection for all the three genera of fungal spores. After treatment by UV-based AOPs, the fungal spores exhibited the same photoreactivation trend as those treated by UV alone. However, both the maximum survival ratios and photoreactivation rate constants were reduced to varying degrees. This study revealed the photoreactivation rule of dominant genera of fungi isolated from groundwater following UV treatment alone and UV-based AOPs, which is effective for controlling fungi in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Qiqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
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21
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Zhu M, Riederer M, Hildebrandt U. UV-C irradiation compromises conidial germination, formation of appressoria, and induces transcription of three putative photolyase genes in the barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Fungal Biol 2018; 123:218-230. [PMID: 30798877 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UV-C irradiation is known to compromise germination of Blumeria graminis conidia and to reduce powdery mildew infestation. However, only scarce information is available on the effects of UV-C irradiation on B. graminis appressorium formation. Applying a Formvar® resin-based in vitro system allowed for analyzing B. graminis germination and appressorium formation in absence of plant defense. UV-C irradiation more strongly affected the differentiation of appressoria than conidial germination. In vivo and in vitro, a single dose of 100 J m-2 UV-C was sufficient to reduce germination to less than 20 % and decrease appressorium formation to values below 5 %. UV-C irradiation negatively affected pustule size and conidiation. White light-mediated photoreactivation was most effective immediately after UV-C irradiation, indicating that a prolonged phase of darkness after UV-C treatment increases the efficacy of B. graminis control. UV-C irradiation increased transcript levels of three putative B. graminis photolyase genes, while mere white light or blue light irradiation did not contribute to the transcriptional up-regulation. Thus, UV-C irradiation effectively controls B. graminis infestation and proliferation by restricting prepenetration processes. Nevertheless, photoreactivation plays an important role in UV-C-based powdery mildew control in crops and hence has to be considered for planning specific irradiation schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhu
- University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Chair of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Riederer
- University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Chair of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Hildebrandt
- University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Chair of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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22
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An M, Zheng Z, Qu C, Wang X, Chen H, Shi C, Miao J. The first (6-4) photolyase with DNA damage repair activity from the Antarctic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L. Mutat Res 2018; 809:13-19. [PMID: 29625375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The psychrophilic microalga, Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L, isolated from floating ice in the Antarctic, one of the most highly UV exposed ecosystems on Earth, displays an efficient DNA photorepair capacity. Here, the first known (6-4) photolyase gene (6-4CiPhr) from C. sp. ICE-L was identified. The 6-4CiPhr encoded 559-amino acid polypeptide with a pI of 8.86, and had a predicted Mw of 64.2 kDa. Real-time PCR was carried out to investigate the response of 6-4CiPhr to UVB exposure. The transcription of 6-4CiPhr was up-regulated continuously within 6 h, achieving a maximum of 62.7-fold at 6 h. Expressing 6-4CiPhr in a photolyase-deficient Escherichia coli strain improved survival rate of the strain. In vitro activity assays of purified protein demonstrated that 6-4CiPhr was a photolyase with 6-4PP repair activity. These findings improve understanding of photoreactivation mechanisms of (6-4) photolyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling An
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chongli Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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23
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Li GQ, Wang WL, Huo ZY, Lu Y, Hu HY. Comparison of UV-LED and low pressure UV for water disinfection: Photoreactivation and dark repair of Escherichia coli. Water Res 2017; 126:134-143. [PMID: 28941399 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) water disinfection have shown advantages, such as safety, flexible design, and lower starting voltages. However, information about reactivation after UV-LED disinfection is limited, which is an important issue of UV light-based technology. In this study, the photoreactivation and dark repair of Escherichia coli after UV-LEDs and low pressure (LP) UV disinfection were compared. Four UV-LED units, 265 nm, 280 nm, the combination of 265 + 280 (50%), and 265 + 280 (75%) were tested. 265 nm LEDs was more effective than 280 nm LEDs and LP UV lamps for E. coli inactivation. No synergic effect for disinfection was observed from the combination of 265 and 280 nm LEDs. 265 nm LEDs had no different reactivation performances with that of LP UV, while 280 nm LEDs could significantly repress photoreactivation and dark repair at a low irradiation intensity of 6.9 mJ/cm2. Furthermore, the UV-induced damage of 280 nm LEDs was less repaired which was determined by endonuclease sensitive site (ESS) assay. The impaired protein activities by 280 nm LEDs might be one of the reasons that inhibited reactivation. A new reactivation rate constant, Kmax, was introduced into the logistic model to simulate the reactivation data, which showed positive relationship with the maximum survival ratio and was more reasonable to interpret the results of photoreactivation and dark repair. This study revealed the distinct roles of different UV lights in disinfection and reactivation, which is helpful for the future design of UV-LED equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Li
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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24
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Pathak J, Kannaujiya VK, Singh SP, Sinha RP. Codon usage analysis of photolyase encoding genes of cyanobacteria inhabiting diverse habitats. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:192. [PMID: 28664377 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide and amino acid compositions were studied to determine the genomic and structural relationship of photolyase gene in freshwater, marine and hot spring cyanobacteria. Among three habitats, photolyase encoding genes from hot spring cyanobacteria were found to have highest GC content. The genomic GC content was found to influence the codon usage and amino acid variability in photolyases. The third position of codon was found to have more effect on amino acid variability in photolyases than the first and second positions of codon. The variation of amino acids Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Leu, Pro, Gln, Arg and Val in photolyases of three different habitats was found to be controlled by first position of codon (G1C1). However, second position (G2C2) of codon regulates variation of Ala, Cys, Gly, Pro, Arg, Ser, Thr and Tyr contents in photolyases. Third position (G3C3) of codon controls incorporation of amino acids such as Ala, Phe, Gly, Leu, Gln, Pro, Arg, Ser, Thr and Tyr in photolyases from three habitats. Photolyase encoding genes of hot spring cyanobacteria have 85% codons with G or C at third position, whereas marine and freshwater cyanobacteria showed 82 and 60% codons, respectively, with G or C at third position. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that GC content has a profound effect in separating the genes along the first major axis according to their RSCU (relative synonymous codon usage) values, and neutrality analysis indicated that mutational pressure has resulted in codon bias in photolyase genes of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jainendra Pathak
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajeshwar P Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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25
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Zhou X, Li Z, Lan J, Yan Y, Zhu N. Kinetics of inactivation and photoreactivation of Escherichia coli using ultrasound-enhanced UV-C light-emitting diodes disinfection. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 35:471-477. [PMID: 27816441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is highly recommended owing to its high disinfection efficiency and disinfection by-products free, and UV Light-Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) is increasingly becoming an alternative of mercury UV lamps for water disinfection owing to its long lifetime, low input power, and absence of problems on disposal. However, renovation of existing UV lamps faces the challenges for UV disinfection associated with disinfection efficiency and photoreactivation, and modified UV disinfection process is required for practical application. In this study, mathematical rule of disinfection and photoreactivation in a US enhanced UV disinfection system was investigated. UV LED with peak emission at 254nm (UV-C LED) was selected as representative for UV lamps, and a low frequency US was used as pretreatment followed by UV disinfection. The disinfection efficiency of Escherichia coli in deionized water (DI), DI water with kaoline suspension (DIK), and secondary effluent (SE) of municipal wastewater treatment plant were analyzed. Moreover, photoreactivation of E. coli in DIK water within 6h after disinfection was conducted. The experimental results showed that the disinfection efficiencies had good fit with Chick-Watson first-order linear model, and US pretreatment increased the inactivation rate constant for E. coli, which increased from 0.1605 to 0.1887 in the DIK water. Therefore, US pretreatment with UV disinfection have potential to shorten the retention time and reduce the reactor volume. Moreover, the number of photoreactivated E. coli in effluent was reduced under UV-C LED disinfection with US pretreatment compared with that under UV-C LED disinfection alone. The order of maximum percentage of photo-reactivated E. coli was as follows: UV-C LED disinfection alone at 30mJ/cm2>UV-C LED disinfection at 25mJ/cm2 with US pretreatment>UV-C LED disinfection at 30mJ/cm2 with US pretreatment. The survival ratio versus photoreactivation time showed a good fit to second-order logistic model. US pretreatment in UV-C LED disinfection could improve disinfection efficiency, reducing photoreactivation in the effluent as well, which offers a promising practical application technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Juanru Lan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yichang Yan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Nan Zhu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
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26
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Koveos DS, Suzuki T, Terzidou A, Kokkari A, Floros G, Damos P, Kouloussis NA. Egg hatching response to a range of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation doses for four predatory mites and the herbivorous spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Exp Appl Acarol 2017; 71:35-46. [PMID: 27988819 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-016-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Egg hatchability of four predatory mites-Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Iphiseius [Amblyseius] degenerans Berlese, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, and Euseius finlandicus Oudemans (Acari: Phytoseiidae)-and the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) was determined under various UV-B doses either in constant darkness (DD) or with simultaneous irradiation using white light. Under UV-B irradiation and DD or simultaneous irradiation with white light, the predator's eggs hatched in significantly lower percentages than in the control non-exposed eggs, which indicates deleterious effects of UV-B on embryonic development. In addition, higher hatchability percentages were observed under UV-B irradiation and DD in eggs of the predatory mites than in eggs of T. urticae. This might be caused by a higher involvement of an antioxidant system, shield effects by pigments or a mere shorter duration of embryonic development in predatory mites than in T. urticae, thus avoiding accumulative effects of UV-B. Although no eggs of T. urticae hatched under UV-B irradiation and DD, variable hatchability percentages were observed under simultaneous irradiation with white light, which suggests the involvement of a photoreactivation system that reduces UV-B damages. Under the same doses with simultaneous irradiation with white light, eggs of T. urticae displayed higher photoreactivation and were more tolerant to UV-B than eggs of the predatory mites. Among predators variation regarding the tolerance to UV-B effects was observed, with eggs of P. persimilis and I. degenerans being more tolerant to UV-B radiation than eggs of A. swirskii and E. finlandicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios S Koveos
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anastasia Terzidou
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kokkari
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Floros
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Damos
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos A Kouloussis
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
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27
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Abstract
Municipal wastewater contains bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that adversely affect the environment, human health, and economic activity. One way to mitigate these effects is a final disinfection step using ultraviolet light (UVL). The advantages of UVL disinfection, when compared to the more traditional chlorine, include no chlorinated by-products, no chemical residual, and relatively compact size. The design of most UV reactors is complex. It involves lamp selection, power supply design, optics, and hydraulics. In general, medium pressure lamps are more compact, powerful, and emit over a wider range of light than the more traditional low pressure lamps. Low pressure lamps, however, may be electrically more efficient. In UV disinfection, the fraction of surviving organisms (e.g. E. coli) will decrease exponentially with increasing UV dose. However, the level of disinfection that can be achieved is often limited by particle-associated organisms. Efforts to remove or reduce the effects of wastewater particles will often improve UV disinfection effectiveness. Regrowth, photoreactivation, or dark repair after UV exposure are sometimes cited as disadvantages of UV disinfection. Research is continuing in this area, however there is little evidence that human pathogens can photoreactivate in environmental conditions, at doses used in wastewater treatment. The UV disinfection of combined sewer overflows, a form of wet weather pollution, is challenging and remains largely at the research phase. Pre-treatment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) with a cationic polymer to induce fast settling, and a low dose of alum to increase UV transmittance, has shown promise at the bench scale.
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Liu L, Chu X, Chen P, Xiao Y, Hu J. Effects of water quality on inactivation and repair of Microcystis viridis and Tetraselmis suecica following medium-pressure UV irradiation. Chemosphere 2016; 163:209-216. [PMID: 27529385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of invasive organisms by ballast-water discharge has become a growing concern. UV treatment has become an attractive ballast water treatment technology due to its effectiveness, no harmful disinfection byproducts and easiness to handle. Two robust algae strains Microcystis viridis and Tetraselmis suecica were selected as indicator organisms to determine efficiency of medium-pressure (MP) UV-treatment on ballast water. Inactivation and potential repair of these two algae strains following MP UV irradiation were assessed under various turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC) and salinity conditions. The investigated range of UV doses was from 25 to 500 mJ/cm(2). For M. viridis, results indicated that disinfection efficiency was negatively correlated with all of these three factors at low doses (25-200 mJ/cm(2)). Photoreactivation and dark repair were promoted at high TOC levels (6-15 mg/L) with about 6-25% higher repair levels compared with those in distilled water, whereas no significant impacts were identified for turbidity and salinity on both of the photoreactivation and dark repair. For T. suecica, increased turbidity and TOC levels both hindered the performance of UV irradiation at high doses (200-500 mJ/cm(2)). Suppressive effects on photoreactivation and dark repair were consistently observed with changes of all of the three factors. In conclusion, generally these three factors resulted in repressive effects on UV disinfection efficiency, and TOC played a more significant role in the levels of reactivation than the other two. The responses of T. suecica to these three factors were more sensitive than M. viridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaona Chu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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29
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Björn LO. On the history of phyto-photo UV science (not to be left in skoto toto and silence). Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 93:3-8. [PMID: 25308920 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review of the history of ultraviolet photobiology focuses on the effects of UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation on terrestrial plants. It describes the early history of ultraviolet photobiology, the discovery of DNA as a major ultraviolet target and the discovery of photoreactivation and photolyases, and the later identification of Photosystem II as another important target for damage to plants by UV-B radiation. Some experimental techniques are briefly outlined. The insight that the ozone layer was thinning spurred the interest in physiological and ecological effects of UV-B radiation and resulted in an exponential increase over time in the number of publications and citations until 1998, at which time it was realized by the research community that the Montreal Protocol regulating the pollution of the atmosphere with ozone depleting substances was effective. From then on, the publication and citation rate has continued to rise exponentially, but with an abrupt change to lower exponents. We have now entered a phase when more emphasis is put on the "positive" effects of UV-B radiation, and with more emphasis on regulation than on damage and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Olof Björn
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Lund University, Department of Biology, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Rodriguez RA, Bounty S, Beck S, Chan C, McGuire C, Linden KG. Photoreactivation of bacteriophages after UV disinfection: role of genome structure and impacts of UV source. Water Res 2014; 55:143-149. [PMID: 24607520 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The UV inactivation kinetics of bacteriophages MS2, PhiX174, T1 and PRD1 and the potential of bacterial UV repair mechanisms to reactivate these bacteriophages is described here. The selected bacteriophages represent a range of genome size, single and double stranded genomes, circular and linear organization and RNA and DNA. Bacteriophages were exposed to UV irradiation from two different collimated beam UV irradiation sources (medium-pressure (MP) mercury lamps and low-pressure (LP) mercury lamps) and assayed during which host-phage cultures were exposed to photoreactivating light for 6 h, then incubated overnight at 37 °C in the dark. Dark controls following UV exposure were performed in parallel. UV inactivation kinetics (using dark controls) showed that circular ssDNA phage (PhiX174) was the most sensitive and linear ssRNA phage (MS2) was the more resistant phage. No photoreactivation was observed for MS2 (RNA phage) and the highest photoreactivation was observed for PRD1. In the case of PRD1, the dose required for 4-log reduction (dark control) was around 35 mJ/cm(2), with a similar dose observed for both UV sources (MP and LP). When the photoreactivation step was added, the dose required for 4-log reduction using LP lamps was 103 mJ/cm(2) and for MP lamps was 60 mJ/cm(2). Genome organization differences between bacteriophages play an important role in resistance to UV inactivation and potential photoreactivation mediated by bacterial host mechanisms. The use of photoreactivation during the assay of PRD1 creates a more conservative surrogate for potential use in UV challenge testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Rodriguez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sarah Bounty
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sara Beck
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Connie Chan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christian McGuire
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Suzuki T, Yoshioka Y, Tsarsitalidou O, Ntalia V, Ohno S, Ohyama K, Kitashima Y, Gotoh T, Takeda M, Koveos DS. An LED-based UV-B irradiation system for tiny organisms: System description and demonstration experiment to determine the hatchability of eggs from four Tetranychus spider mite species from Okinawa. J Insect Physiol 2014; 62:1-10. [PMID: 24462572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed a computer-based system for controlling the photoperiod and irradiance of UV-B and white light from a 5×5 light-emitting diode (LED) matrix (100×100mm). In this system, the LED matrix was installed in each of four irradiation boxes and controlled by pulse-width modulators so that each box can independently emit UV-B and white light at irradiances of up to 1.5 and 4.0Wm(-2), respectively, or a combination of both light types. We used this system to examine the hatchabilities of the eggs of four Tetranychus spider mite species (T. urticae, T. kanzawai, T. piercei and T. okinawanus) collected from Okinawa Island under UV-B irradiation alone or simultaneous irradiation with white light for 12hd(-1) at 25°C. Although no eggs of any species hatched under the UV-B irradiation, even when the irradiance was as low as 0.02Wm(-2), the hatchabilities increased to >90% under simultaneous irradiation with 4.0Wm(-2) white light. At 0.06Wm(-2) UV-B, T. okinawanus eggs hatched (15% hatchability) under simultaneous irradiation with white light, whereas other species showed hatchabilities <1%. These results suggest that photolyases activated by white light may reduce UV-B-induced DNA damage in spider mite eggs and that the greater UV-B tolerance of T. okinawanus may explain its dominance on plants in seashore environments, which have a higher risk of exposure to reflected UV-B even on the undersurface of leaves. Our system will be useful for further examination of photophysiological responses of tiny organisms because of its ability to precisely control radiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Yoshioka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Olga Tsarsitalidou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vivi Ntalia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Suguru Ohno
- Ishigaki Branch, Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0003, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ohyama
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kitashima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Gotoh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Makio Takeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Dimitris S Koveos
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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