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Li Z, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Yu M, Cheng H, Shi H, Xiao Y, Song H, Zuo W, Zhou H, Wang S. Attempts to obtain clean biochar from hyperaccumulator through pyrolysis: Removal of heavy metals and transformation of phosphorus. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133837. [PMID: 38401216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The sound disposal of the ensuing heavy metal-rich plants can address the aftermath of phytoremediation. In this study, the first attempt was made to obtain heavy metals-free and phosphorus-rich biochar from phytoremediation residue (PR) by pyrolysis, and the effects of chlorinating agent type, chlorine dosage, and pyrolysis residence time on heavy metal removal, phosphorus (P) transformation, and biochar properties were investigated. The results showed that as chlorine dosage and pyrolysis residence time increased, added polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reduced the concentration of Zn in biochar to one-tenth of that in PR by intensified chlorination, where both Zn concentration (2727.50 mg/kg) and its leaching concentration (29.13 mg/L) met the utilization requirements, in which the acid-base property of biochar plays a key role in heavy metal leaching. Meanwhile, more than 90% of P in PR remained in biochar and the bioavailability of P in biochar enhanced with the decomposition of organic P to inorganic P, where the concentration of plant-availability P (Pnac) expanded from 1878.40 mg/kg in PR to 8454.00 mg/kg in biochar. This study demonstrated that heavy metal hyperaccumulator can be converted into heavy metal-free and phosphorus-rich biochar with promising applications, which provides new perspectives for the treatment of such hazardous wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yaji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Mengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haoqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yixuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huikang Song
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wu Zuo
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Haiyun Zhou
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- China Energy Investment Corporation Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210031, China
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Wang L, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu J, Li T, Guo X, Shi C, Wang Y, Li S. Stability and ecological risk assessment of nickel (Ni) in phytoremediation-derived biochar. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166498. [PMID: 37633368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Improper treatment of heavy metal-enriched biomass generated after phytoremediation might cause secondary pollution in soil and water. At present, the pyrolysis process is an effective method for the treatment of phytoremediation residue. In this study, Ni-enriched biomass was prepared using hydroponics method and further pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300-700 °C). At low pyrolysis temperatures (below 500 °C), carbonate precipitation was the main reason of Ni stabilization in biochar. Nevertheless, the formed phosphate and aluminosilicate were important factors for immobilizing Ni in biochar at high pyrolysis temperatures (above 500 °C). Moreover, the oxidizable (F3) and residual (F4) components of Ni in biochar increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, which indicated that higher pyrolysis temperature could effectively reduce the bioavailability of Ni in biochar. The results of deionized water, acidification, oxidation, and toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) experiments showed that pyrolysis temperature was the dominant factor for Ni stabilization in biochar. The ecological risk assessments further proved that pyrolyzed Ni-enriched biochar could reduce the environmental toxicity and potential ecological risks of Ni. In the soil simulated experiment, the soil microenvironment gradually promoted the transformation of Ni in BCNiX from bioavailable fraction to stable fraction. Overall, this study would expose more reasonable reference for the long-term storage of phytoremediation residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Ecology and Environment Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Eco-Environmental Science Center (Guangdong, Hong-Kong, Macau), Guangzhou 510555, PR China
| | - Xunjie Liu
- Eco-Environmental Science Center (Guangdong, Hong-Kong, Macau), Guangzhou 510555, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Ecology and Environment Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaoshu Wang
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Ecology and Environment Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Eco-Environmental Science Center (Guangdong, Hong-Kong, Macau), Guangzhou 510555, PR China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- Eco-Environmental Science Center (Guangdong, Hong-Kong, Macau), Guangzhou 510555, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Ecology and Environment Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Shaofeng Li
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Ecology and Environment Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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He T, Zhang M, Jin B. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge as additive with phytoremediation residue on the fate of heavy metals and the carbon sequestration potential of derived biochar. Chemosphere 2023; 314:137646. [PMID: 36581119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the characteristics of municipal sewage sludge (MS) and Sedum alfreddi L. (SA, a hyperaccumulator plant), we attempted to use MS to enhance the enrichment and stability of heavy metals (HMs) in pyrolysis residue during SA pyrolysis. The effects of pyrolysis temperature (400-800 °C) and co-pyrolysis on migration behavior, chemical speciation, long-term leaching toxicity of HMs, and the environmental risk and carbon sequestration potential of biochar were systematically investigated. Besides, thermodynamic equilibrium simulations were performed to study the transformation of HM compounds during pyrolysis. When the pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 °C to 800 °C, the unstable fractions (F1+F2) of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr in MS1SA3 800 had decreased to less than 6% and Zn to 20.4%, and long-term leachability of HMs decreased continuously. Meanwhile, biochar's ecological risk was reduced to a low level, while its carbon sequestration potential improved with little released HMs. Compared with SA pyrolysis alone, adding MS increased the relative residue content of Cd and Zn in biochar, whereas no apparent effect on Pb, Cu, and Cr, and the proportion of stable fractions (F3+F4) increased. Co-pyrolysis enhanced the carbon sequestration potential of biochar, attributed to the inherent minerals of MS. Equilibrium calculations showed that the influence of MS on the fate of HMs during SA pyrolysis is mainly attributed to its high sulfur content, while Si and Al preferentially combine with alkali metal (K)/alkaline earth metal (Ca) and then interact with Zn. The findings in this paper suggest that co-pyrolysis of MS as an additive with hyperaccumulator plants is a feasible proposal, and the co-pyrolysis biochar obtained at suitable temperatures has the potential for safe application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei He
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Baosheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Xu W, Liao Q, Zhang H, Hao S, Chen S. Pyrolysis of various phytoremediation residues for biochars: Chemical forms and environmental risk of Cd in biochar. Bioresour Technol 2020; 299:122581. [PMID: 31855659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Various phytoremediation residues (PMRs), including Brassica napus L. (BN), Pennisetum sinese (PS) and Lolium perenne L.(LP), were pyrolyzed at 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively. A series of sequential and single extractions were employed to analyze the chemical speciation and potential environmental risk of Cadmium (Cd) in different phytoremediation residues-derived biochars (PMBs). The results showed that the exchangeable Cd fraction decreased but the residual Cd fraction increased, indicating the inhibition of bioavailability of Cd and low potential ecological risk index of PMBs. When the temperature was over 600 °C, the Cd in biochar was acceptable to the environment and the leaching concentration of Cd extracted by the three extraction methods (distilled water, SPLP and TCLP) were all under the standard limit. Findings from this study illustrated that the treatment of pyrolysis was feasible for the three kinds of PMRs at 600 °C with acceptable environment risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhenyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China
| | - Qilin Liao
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Shefeng Hao
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Huang H, Yao W, Li R, Ali A, Du J, Guo D, Xiao R, Guo Z, Zhang Z, Awasthi MK. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on chemical form, behavior and environmental risk of Zn, Pb and Cd in biochar produced from phytoremediation residue. Bioresour Technol 2018; 249:487-493. [PMID: 29073559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical forms, behavior and environmental risk of heavy metal (HMs) Zn, Pb and Cd in phytoremediation residue (PMR) pyrolyzed at 350 °C, 550 °C and 750 °C, respectively. The behavior of HMs variation during the PMR pyrolysis process was analyzed and the potential HMs environmental risk of phytoremediation residue biochars (PMB) was assessed which was seldom investigated before. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature increase decreased the soluble/exchangeable HMs fraction and alleviated the HMs bioavailability. When the temperature was over 550 °C, the adsorbed Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) were turned into oxides forms and concentrated in PMB with more stable forms exhibiting lower risk assessment code and potential ecological risk index. The ecotoxicity test showed higher pyrolysis temperature favored the reduction of PMB ecotoxicity. It is suggested that pyrolysis temperature above 550°C may be suitable for thermal treatment of PMR with acceptable environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Wenlin Yao
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Di Guo
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhanyu Guo
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
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