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Akay O, Altinkok C, Acik G, Yuce H, Ege GK, Genc G. Preparation of a sustainable bio-copolymer based on Luffa cylindrica cellulose and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) for bioplastic applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 196:98-106. [PMID: 34942206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a bio-based graft copolymer (LCC-g-PCL) based on the cellulose of Luffa cylindrica (LCC) main chain possessing poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) pendant groups is synthesized through a grafting from approach via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). For this purpose, LCC, extracted from luffa sponges by combined method, is utilized for ROP of ɛ-caprolactone (ɛ-CL) as a macro-initiator in the presence of stannous octoate as a catalyst. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopies are utilized to structurally indicate the success of ROP, while the achieved graft copolymer is analyzed in detail by comparing with LCC and neat PCL in terms of wettability, thermal and degradation behaviors by conducting water contact angle (WCA) measurements, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses (TGA and DSC) and in vitro both hydrolytic and enzymatic biodegradation tests, respectively. The results of conducted tests show that the incorporation of PCL groups on LCC provide the increasing hydrophobicity. In addition, the degradation behavior of the LCC-g-PCL copolymer is found to be more pronounced under enzymatic medium rather than hydrolytic conditions. It is anticipated from the results that LCC-g-PCL can be a potential eco-friendly material particularly in bioplastic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Akay
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Altinkok
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Piri Reis University, Tuzla, TR-34940 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Yuce
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Konuk Ege
- Mechatronics Program, Gedik Vocational High School, Istanbul Gedik University, 34913 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Garip Genc
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
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Mondal K, Bhagabati P, Goud VV, Sakurai S, Katiyar V. Utilization of microalgae residue and isolated cellulose nanocrystals: A study on crystallization kinetics of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) bio-composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:521-30. [PMID: 34560151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of biodegradable materials for conventional application has taken a rising interest across the world. The presented work primarily focused on exploring the effectiveness of isolated CNCs from marine de-oiled green algae biomass residue (Dunaliella tertiolecta) in synthesized poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). The washed algae biomass residue (WABR) and algae derived CNCs were explored as two different bio-fillers incorporated into PCL for comparison and development of biodegradable and flexible bio-composites with varying bio-filler loading. FTIR, XRD, TGA, UTM, DSC, POM, and SAXS characterized the developed PCL/WABR and PCL/CNC bio-composites. Improved thermal stability was observed in PCL/CNC bio-composites by ~10 °C rise. Besides, increased modulus of 18.38 MPa and tensile strength was obtained in PCL/CNC/1 bio-composites. However, the isothermal kinetics study (at 45 °C) revealed the reduction in the degree of crystallinity of bio-composites, and the axialite formation was visualized via POM. Moreover, CNCs was found as an excellent nucleating agent and effective bio-filler as compared to WABR.
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Friess F, Roch T, Seifert B, Lendlein A, Wischke C. Phagocytosis of spherical and ellipsoidal micronetwork colloids from crosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone). Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118461. [PMID: 31247276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of non-spherical particle shapes on cellular uptake has been reported as a general design parameter to control cellular recognition of particulate drug carriers. Beside shape, also size and cell-particle ratio should mutually effect phagocytosis. Here, the capability to control cellular uptake of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) based polymer micronetwork colloids (MNC), a carrier system that can be transferred to various shapes, is explored in vitro at test conditions allowing multiple cell-particle contacts. PCL-based MNC were synthesized as spheres with a diameter of ∼6, ∼10, and 13 µm, loaded with a fluorescent dye by a specific technique of swelling, re-dispersion and drying, and transferred into different ellipsoidal shapes by a phantom stretching method. The boundaries of MNC deformability to prolate ellipsoid target shapes were systematically analyzed and found to be at an aspect ratio AR of ∼4 as obtained by a phantom elongation εph of ∼150%. Uptake studies with a murine macrophages cell line showed shape dependency of phagocytosis for selected conditions when varying particle sizes (∼6 and 10 μm),and shapes (εph: 0, 75 or 150%), cell-particle ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:10, 1:50), and time points (1-24 h). For larger-sized MNC, there was no significant shape effect on phagocytosis as these particles may associate with more than one cell, thus increasing the possibility of phagocytosis by any of these cells. Accordingly, controlling shape effects on phagocytosis for carriers made from degradable polymers relevant for medical applications requires considering further parameters besides shape, such as kinetic aspects of the exposure and uptake by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Friess
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14153 Teltow, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14153 Teltow, Germany
| | - Barbara Seifert
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14153 Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14153 Teltow, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14153 Teltow, Germany.
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Srisang S, Nasongkla N. Spray coating of foley urinary catheter by chlorhexidine-loadedpoly(ε-caprolactone) nanospheres: effect of lyoprotectants, characteristics, and antibacterial activity evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:402-409. [PMID: 30265590 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1502317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chlorhexidine-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanospheres (CHX-NS) were prepared and successfully coated on the urinary catheters. Properties of CHX-NS were evaluated including drug loading content and the nanosphere size. Effects of different lyoprotectants for long-term storage of CHX-NS were also investigated. In vitro release study and antibacterial activity were also conducted using 20 cycles coated-urinary catheters. Results showed that the high-pressure emulsification-solvent evaporation technique provided the drug loading content at 1.14 ± 0.16% and the size of nanospheres was 152 ± 37 nm. The suitable lyoprotectant for long-term storage of CHX-NS was sucrose which provided noticeably no aggregation at the degree of reconstitution at 89.95%. The amount of CHX loading on coated catheters was at 4.55 ± 0.31 mg. Drug release from the coated catheters in artificial urine could be prolonged up to 2 weeks and bacteria proliferation was inhibited up to 14 days. These results suggest that the antimicrobial activity of CHX-NS reduces the adherence of the uropathogens to the catheter surface. Chlorhexidine-loaded polymeric nanospheres were fabricated which can be successfully coated on urinary catheters. These systems have potential use for prolonged antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Srisang
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.,b Department of Engineering , King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Chumphon , Thailand
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand
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Binkhathlan Z, Qamar W, Ali R, Kfoury H, Alghonaim M. Toxicity evaluation of methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)- block-poly(ε-caprolactone) polymeric micelles following multiple oral and intraperitoneal administration to rats. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:944-953. [PMID: 28951683 PMCID: PMC5605849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) copolymers are amphiphilic and biodegradable copolymers designed to deliver a variety of drugs and diagnostic agents. The aim of this study was to synthesize PEO-b-PCL block copolymers and assess the toxic effects of drug-free PEO-b-PCL micelles after multiple-dose administrations via oral or intraperitoneal (ip) administration in rats. Assembly of block copolymers was achieved by co-solvent evaporation method. To investigate the toxicity profile of PEO-b-PCL micelles, sixty animals were divided into two major groups: The first group received PEO-b-PCL micelles (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage daily for seven days, while the other group received the same dose of micelles by ip injections daily for seven days. Twenty-four hours following the last dose, half of the animals from each group were sacrificed and blood and organs (lung, liver, kidneys, heart and spleen) were collected. Remaining animals were observed for further 14 days and was sacrificed at the end of the third week, and blood and organs were collected. None of the polymeric micelles administered caused any significant effects on relative organ weight, animal body weight, leucocytes count, % lymphocytes, liver and kidney toxicity markers and organs histology. Although the dose of copolymers used in this study is much higher than those used for drug delivery, it did not cause any significant toxic effects in rats. Histological examination of all the organs confirmed the nontoxic nature of the micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Binkhathlan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Chair for Kidney Disease, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Central Laboratory, Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Central Laboratory, Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Kfoury
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alghonaim
- King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Chair for Kidney Disease, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Chen M, Parsons AJ, Felfel RM, Rudd CD, Irvine DJ, Ahmed I. In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 59:78-89. [PMID: 26748261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fully bioresorbable composites have been investigated in order to replace metal implant plates used for hard tissue repair. Retention of the composite mechanical properties within a physiological environment has been shown to be significantly affected due to loss of the integrity of the fibre/matrix interface. This study investigated phosphate based glass fibre (PGF) reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) composites with 20%, 35% and 50% fibre volume fractions (Vf) manufactured via an in-situ polymerisation (ISP) process and a conventional laminate stacking (LS) followed by compression moulding. Reinforcing efficiency between the LS and ISP manufacturing process was compared, and the ISP composites revealed significant improvements in mechanical properties when compared to LS composites. The degradation profiles and mechanical properties were monitored in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C for 28 days. ISP composites revealed significantly less media uptake and mass loss (p<0.001) throughout the degradation period. The initial flexural properties of ISP composites were substantially higher (p<0.0001) than those of the LS composites, which showed that the ISP manufacturing process provided a significantly enhanced reinforcement effect than the LS process. During the degradation study, statistically higher flexural property retention profiles were also seen for the ISP composites compared to LS composites. SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces for the LS composites revealed dry fibre bundles and poor fibre dispersion with polymer rich zones, which indicated poor interfacial bonding, distribution and adhesion. In contrast, evenly distributed fibres without dry fibre bundles or polymer rich zones, were clearly observed for the ISP composite samples, which showed that a superior fibre/matrix interface was achieved with highly improved adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Chen
- Divison of Materials, Mechanics and Structures, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Andrew J Parsons
- Division of Energy and Sustainability, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Reda M Felfel
- Divison of Materials, Mechanics and Structures, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516, Egypt
| | - Christopher D Rudd
- Divison of Materials, Mechanics and Structures, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Division of Energy and Sustainability, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Divison of Materials, Mechanics and Structures, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Ninago MD, López OV, Lencina MMS, García MA, Andreucetti NA, Ciolino AE, Villar MA. Enhancement of thermoplastic starch final properties by blending with poly(ɛ-caprolactone). Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:205-12. [PMID: 26428117 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Final properties of two thermoplastic corn starch matrices were improved by adding poly(ɛ-caprolactone), PCL, at 2.5, 5, and 10% w/w. One of the thermoplastic starch matrices was processed using water and glycerol as plasticizers (SG) and the other one was plasticized with a mixture of glycerol and sodium alginate (SGA). Blends were suitably processed by melt mixing and further injected. Films obtained by thermo-compression were flexible and easy to handle. Microstructure studies (SEM and FTIR) revealed a nice distribution of PCL within both matrices and also a good starch-PCL compatibility, attributed to the lower polyester concentration. The crystalline character of PCL was the responsible of the increment in the degree of crystallinity of starch matrices, determined by XRD. Moreover, it was demonstrated by TGA that PCL incorporation did not affect the thermal stability of these starch-based materials. In addition, a shift of Tg values of both glycerol and starch-rich phases to lower values was determined by DSC and DMA tests, attributed to the PCL plasticizing action. Besides, PCL blocking effect to visible and UV radiations was evident by the incremented opacity and the UV-barrier capacity of the starch films. Finally, water vapor permeability and water solubility values were reduced by PCL incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D Ninago
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino "La Carrindanga" Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Olivia V López
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino "La Carrindanga" Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M M Soledad Lencina
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino "La Carrindanga" Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María A García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, CIDCA (UNLP-CONICET), 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Noemí A Andreucetti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrés E Ciolino
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino "La Carrindanga" Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Villar
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino "La Carrindanga" Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Filipović N, Stevanović M, Nunić J, Cundrič S, Filipič M, Uskoković D. Synthesis of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanospheres in the presence of the protective agent poly(glutamic acid) and their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and ability to induce oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:414-24. [PMID: 24681414 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanospheres of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) with sizes smaller than 200 nm were produced by combining the freeze drying method and the physicochemical solvent/non-solvent approach. The influence of various types of cryoprotectants (poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) or sacharose) and their concentrations on the outcome of freeze-dried poly(ɛ-caprolactone) particles was evaluated. The physiochemical properties, structural and morphological characteristics of thereby obtained PCL particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cytotoxicity of the samples was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT assay). The formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species was measured spectrophotometrically using a fluorescent probe (DCFH-DA assay). In addition, the genotoxic response of PCL particles obtained using PGA as a cryoprotectant was investigated by the Comet assay. This paper focuses on the role of PGA in the synthesis of PCL particles and demonstrates that PGA plays a dual role in the synthesis, i.e. it acts as a stabilizer but also as a cryoprotective agent. The sufficient and optimal concentration of PGA for producing uniform, spherical but also biocompatible PCL nanoparticles is established to be 0.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Filipović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Magdalena Stevanović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Jana Nunić
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Cundrič
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragan Uskoković
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Niu Y, Chen KC, He T, Yu W, Huang S, Xu K. Scaffolds from block polyurethanes based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4266-77. [PMID: 24582378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nerve guide scaffolds from block polyurethanes without any additional growth factors or protein were prepared using a particle leaching method. The scaffolds of block polyurethanes (abbreviated as PUCL-ran-EG) based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL-diol) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) possess highly surface-area porous for cell attachment, and can provide biochemical and topographic cues to enhance tissue regeneration. The nerve guide scaffolds have pore size 1-5 μm and porosity 88%. Mechanical tests showed that the polyurethane nerve guide scaffolds have maximum loads of 4.98 ± 0.35 N and maximum stresses of 6.372 ± 0.5 MPa. The histocompatibility efficacy of these nerve guide scaffolds was tested in a rat model for peripheral nerve injury treatment. Four types of guides including PUCL-ran-EG scaffolds, autograft, PCL scaffolds and silicone tubes were compared in the rat model. After 14 weeks, bridging of a 10 mm defect gap by the regenerated nerve was observed in all rats. The nerve regeneration was systematically characterized by sciatic function index (SFI), histological assessment including HE staining, immunohistochemistry, ammonia silver staining, Masson's trichrome staining and TEM observation. Results revealed that polyurethane nerve guide scaffolds exhibit much better regeneration behavior than PCL, silicone tube groups and comparable to autograft. Electrophysiological recovery was also seen in 36%, 76%, and 87% of rats in the PCL, PUCL-ran-EG, and autograft groups respectively, whilst 29.8% was observed in the silicone tube groups. Biodegradation in vitro and in vivo show proper degradation of the PUCL-ran-EG nerve guide scaffolds. This study has demonstrated that without further modification, plain PUCL-ran-EG nerve guide scaffolds can help peripheral nerve regeneration excellently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Niu
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Tao He
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Shuiwen Huang
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Kaitian Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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