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Zhang H, Yu J, Ma L, Zhao Y, Xu S, Shi J, Qian K, Gu M, Tan H, Xu L, Liu Y, Mu C, Xiong Y. Reversing multi-drug resistance by polymeric metformin to enhance antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121931. [PMID: 35750278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer poses a great threat to chemotherapy. The expression and function of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter are the major cause of MDR. Herein, a linear polyethylene glycol (PEI) conjugated with dicyandiamide, which called polymeric metformin (PolyMet), was successfully synthesized as a simple and biocompatible polymer of metformin. PolyMet showed the potential to reverse MDR by inhibiting the efflux of the substrate of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter from DOX resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/DOX). To test its MDR reversing effect, PolyMet was combined with DOX to treat mice carrying MCF-7/DOX xenografts. In order to decrease the toxicities of DOX and delivery PolyMet and DOX to tumor at the same time, PolyMet was complexed with poly-γ-glutamic acid-doxorubicin (PGA-DOX) electrostatically at the optimal ratio of 2:3, which were further coated with lipid membrane to form lipid/PolyMet-(PGA-DOX) nanoparticles (LPPD). The particle size of LPPD was 165.8 nm, and the zeta potential was +36.5 mV. LPPD exhibited favorable cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in MCF-7/DOX. Meanwhile, the bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that LPPD effectively conquered DOX-associated MDR by blocking ABC transporters (ABCB1 and ABCC1) via PolyMet. Remarkably, LPPD significantly inhibited the tumor growth and lowered the systemic toxicity in a murine MCF-7/DOX tumor model. This is the first time to reveal that PolyMet can enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of DOX by dampening ABC transporters and activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, which is a promising strategy for drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiandong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jingbin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ke Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Mancang Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Li Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yun Liu
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27559, USA
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Miao L, Lin CM, Huang L. Co-delivery of polymeric metformin and cisplatin by self-assembled core-membrane nanoparticles to treat non-small cell lung cancer. J Control Release 2016; 244:63-73. [PMID: 27840166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, combined therapy of cisplatin (CDDP) and metformin is an effective treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The success is attributed to synergistic effects between the two drugs. Therefore, we hypothesize that co-encapsulation of CDDP and metformin will avoid the prominent toxicity of CDDP while maintaining the synergy between the regimens. CDDP was first conjugated to polyglutamic acid (PGA) to form anionic PGA-CDDP which was electrostatically complexed with the cationic polymeric metformin (polymet). The nano-sized complex was then stabilized with cationic liposomes composed of DOTAP (2, 3-Dioleoyloxy-propyl)-trimethylammonium/Cholesterol/DSPE-PEG-anisamide aminoethyl. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the synergy between polymet and CDDP. CDDP delivered with nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited significantly increased tumor accumulation over free CDDP and suppressed tumor growth through apoptosis in NSCLC H460 tumor-bearing mice without nephrotoxicity. The synergistic effect of polymet alongside CDDP demonstrates that polymet-CDDP NPs can activate the AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) pathway and inhibit mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) activity to enhance growth suppression. In all, this platform is the first to successfully co-load polymet, a polymeric metformin, and CDDP into the same nanoparticle for successful treatment of NSCLC.
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