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Marchei E, Gomez-Ruiz LM, Acosta-López A, Ramos-Gutiérrez RY, Varela-Busaka MB, Lombroni C, Andreu-Fernandez V, Pichini S, Garcia-Algar O. Assessment of alcohol consumption in mexican pregnant women by hair testing of ethyl glucuronide. Alcohol 2023; 111:59-65. [PMID: 37302618 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are no studies that have utilized both biomarkers and self-reported data to evaluate maternal alcohol use during pregnancy in Mexico. Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption in a cohort of 300 Mexican pregnant women. We used a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to measure hair ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair segments that corresponded to the first and second half of pregnancy. We compared the hair EtG values to a self-reported questionnaire on maternal drinking habits and evaluated whether the gestational alcohol use was associated with psychotropic drug use. Based on the EtG measurements, 263 women (87.7%) were alcohol-abstinent during the entire pregnancy, while 37 (12.3%) had used alcohol at least once during the pregnancy. Of these, only two women were found to have problematic alcoholic behavior during the entire pregnancy. No significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics were observed between alcohol-abstinent women and women with drinking habits. The self-reporting data and hair EtG gave heterogeneous results: although 37 women had self-reported alcohol use during pregnancy, only 54.1% of these women tested positive for hair EtG. Of the women who tested positive for hair EtG, 54.1% tested positive for psychoactive substances. In our cohort, the use of drugs of abuse was independent of gestational drinking. This study provided the first objective evidence of prenatal ethanol consumption in a cohort of Mexican pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Marchei
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Larissa-Maria Gomez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Neonatología, División de Pediatría, Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-quirúrgicas, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aracely Acosta-López
- Servicio de Neonatología, División de Pediatría, Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ruth-Yesica Ramos-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Neonatología, División de Pediatría, Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mary-Buhya Varela-Busaka
- Servicio de Neonatología, División de Pediatría, Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Claudia Lombroni
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; Univesità Degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernandez
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simona Pichini
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Oscar Garcia-Algar
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-quirúrgicas, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, C/Sabino Arana 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Kiecker C. The chick embryo as a model for the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol on craniofacial development. Dev Biol 2016; 415:314-325. [PMID: 26777098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to ethanol results in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a syndrome characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations including craniofacial dysmorphologies and neurological defects. The characterisation of the mechanisms by which ethanol exerts its teratogenic effects is difficult due to the pleiotropic nature of its actions. Different experimental model systems have been employed to investigate the aetiology of FASD. Here, I will review studies using these different model organisms that have helped to elucidate how ethanol causes the craniofacial abnormalities characteristic of FASD. In these studies, ethanol was found to impair the prechordal plate-an important embryonic signalling centre-during gastrulation and to negatively affect the induction, migration and survival of the neural crest, a cell population that generates the cartilage and most of the bones of the skull. At the cellular level, ethanol appears to inhibit Sonic hedgehog signalling, alter levels of retionoic acid activity, trigger a Ca(2+)-CamKII-dependent pathway that antagonises WNT signalling, affect cytoskeletal dynamics and increase oxidative stress. Embryos of the domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus have played a central role in developing a working model for the effects of ethanol on craniofacial development because they are easily accessible and because key steps in craniofacial development are particularly well established in the avian embryo. I will finish this review by highlighting some potential future avenues of fetal alcohol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kiecker
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, 4th Floor, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, UK.
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