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Chen X, Qian J, Liang S, Qian J, Luo W, Shi Y, Zhu H, Hu X, Wu G, Li X, Liang G. Hyperglycemia activates FGFR1 via TLR4/c-Src pathway to induce inflammatory cardiomyopathy in diabetes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1693-1710. [PMID: 38572108 PMCID: PMC10985127 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) modulate a wide range of pathophysiological events in several non-malignant disorders, including diabetic complications. To find new targets driving the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we profiled an RTKs phosphorylation array in diabetic mouse hearts and identified increased phosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (p-FGFR1) levels in cardiomyocytes, indicating that FGFR1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of DCM. Using primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cell lines, we discovered that high-concentration glucose (HG) transactivates FGFR1 kinase domain through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and c-Src, independent of FGF ligands. Knocking down the levels of either TLR4 or c-Src prevents HG-activated FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that the elevated FGFR1 activity induces pro-inflammatory responses via MAPKs-NFκB signaling pathway in HG-challenged cardiomyocytes, which further results in fibrosis and hypertrophy. We then generated cardiomyocyte-specific FGFR1 knockout mice and showed that a lack of FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes prevents diabetes-induced cardiac inflammation and preserves cardiac function in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1 by a selective inhibitor, AZD4547, also prevents cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These studies have identified FGFR1 as a new player in driving DCM and support further testing of FGFR1 inhibitors for possible cardioprotective benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Wound Repair, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jinfu Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shiqi Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yujuan Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Wound Repair, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
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2
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Kohal R, Bhavana, Kumari P, Sharma AK, Gupta GD, Verma SK. Fyn, Blk, and Lyn kinase inhibitors: A mini-review on medicinal attributes, research progress, and future insights. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 102:129674. [PMID: 38408513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Fyn, Blk, and Lyn are part of a group of proteins called Src family kinases. They are crucial in controlling cell communication and their response to the growth, changes, and immune system. Blocking these proteins with inhibitors can be a way to treat diseases where these proteins are too active. The primary mode of action of these inhibitors is to inhibit the phosphorylation of Fyn, Blk, and Lyn receptors, which in turn affects how signals pass within the cells. This review shows the structural and functional aspects of Fyn, Blk, and Lyn kinases, highlighting the significance of their dysregulation in diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. The discussion encompasses the design strategies, SAR analysis, and chemical characteristics of effective inhibitors, shedding light on their specificity and potency. Furthermore, it explores the progress of clinical trials of these inhibitors, emphasizing their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Kohal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhavana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Preety Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, Punjab, India.
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Shu L, Du C, Zuo Y. Abnormal phosphorylation of protein tyrosine in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:826-835. [PMID: 37589710 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, are chronic disorders of the CNS that are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction. These diseases have diverse clinical and pathological features and their pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Currently, widely accepted hypotheses include the accumulation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, neurotrophin dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory processes. In the CNS of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, a variety of abnormally phosphorylated proteins play important roles in pathological processes such as neuroinflammation and intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau. In recent years, the roles of abnormal tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules regulated by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in neurodegenerative diseases have attracted increasing attention. Here, we summarize the roles of signaling pathways related to protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and the progress of therapeutic studies targeting PTKs and PTPs that provide theoretical support for future studies on therapeutic strategies for these devastating and important neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Intensive Care Unit, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfu Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Yunxia Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Shay R, Nicklawsky A, Gao D, Lam ET. A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib and Versus Avelumab Plus Axitinib in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:370-370.e7. [PMID: 33674224 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There now exist several viable first-line treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, making the choice of initial therapy difficult. Considering metrics other than patient factors may be necessary to select the most appropriate therapy. We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the three combination therapies currently approved in treatment-naïve advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma-nivolumab + ipilimumab (NI), pembrolizumab + axitinib (PA), and avelumab + axitinib (AA)-from a US payer perspective. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our analysis was performed based on previously obtained data derived from progression-free survival and overall survival curves from CheckMate 214, KEYNOTE 426, and JAVELIN Renal 101. RESULTS The total costs of each treatment were found to be $437,556.12 for NI, $450,597.15 for PA, and $542,882.34 for AA, with quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) values of 4.04, 3.77, and 2.95 for each combination, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of NI versus PA was ($47,504.73/QALY); for NI versus AA, it was ($96,533.11/QALY); for PA versus AA, it was ($113,015.87/QALY). Net health benefit scaled against a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per QALY was positive for NI versus PA at 0.36 and versus AA at 1.79, and this index was also positive for PA versus AA at 1.43, indicating that the additional value of these therapies versus their alternatives is greater than the extra cost. CONCLUSION NI was found to be the most cost-effective treatment option compared with the other considered therapies. PA was found to be cost effective compared to AA. When patient factors such as social issues and pre-existing conditions do not dictate their first-line therapy, clinicians may use this additional information to make financially conscious choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shay
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Andrew Nicklawsky
- Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Elaine T Lam
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Li X, Sun J, Prinz RA, Liu X, Xu X. Inhibition of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) replication by A77 1726 through targeting JAK and Src tyrosine kinases. Virology 2020; 551:75-83. [PMID: 32829915 PMCID: PMC7301827 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that primarily infects porcine intestinal epithelial cells and causes severe diarrhea and high fatality in piglets. A77 1726 is the active metabolite of leflunomide, a clinically approved anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drug. A77 1726 inhibits the activity of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), p70 S6 kinase (S6K1), and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DHase). Whether A77 1726 can control coronavirus infections has not been investigated. Here we report that A77 1726 effectively restricted PEDV replication by inhibiting Janus kinases (JAKs) and Src kinase activities but not by inhibiting DHO-DHase and S6K1 activities. Overexpression of Src, JAK2 or its substrate STAT3 enhanced PEDV replication and attenuated the antiviral activity of A77 1726. Our study demonstrates for the first time the ability of A77 1726 to control coronavirus replication by inhibiting PTK activities. Leflunomide has potential therapeutic value for the control of PEDV and other coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Richard A Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL60201, USA
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Abstract
STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that function as downstream effectors of cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling. The canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway involves the activation of Janus kinases (JAK) or growth factors receptor kinases, phosphorylation of STAT proteins, their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus where STATs act as transcription factors with pleiotropic downstream effects. STAT signaling is tightly controlled with restricted kinetics due to action of its negative regulators. While STAT1 is believed to play an important role in growth arrest and apoptosis, and to act as a tumor suppressor, STAT3 and 5 are involved in promoting cell cycle progression, cellular transformation, and preventing apoptosis. Aberrant activation of STATs, in particular STAT3 and STAT5, have been found in a large number of human tumors, including gliomas and may contribute to oncogenesis. In this chapter, we have (1) summarized the mechanisms of STAT activation in normal and malignant signaling; (2) discussed evidence for the critical role of constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 in glioma pathobiology; (3) disclosed molecular and pharmacological strategies to interfere with STAT signaling for potential therapeutic intervention in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Swiatek-Machado
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Kim YR, Kim SY. Machine learning identifies a core gene set predictive of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1435-1444. [PMID: 29802456 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acquired resistance (AR) to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is a major issue worldwide, for both patients and healthcare providers. However, precise prediction is currently infeasible due to the lack of an appropriate model. This study was conducted to develop and validate an individualized prediction model for automated detection of acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. METHODS Penalized regression was applied to construct a predictive model using publically available genomic cohorts of acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. To develop a model with enhanced generalizability, we merged multiple cohorts then updated the learning parameter via robust cross-study validation. Model performance was evaluated mainly using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Using a multi-study-derived machine learning method, we developed an extremely parsimonious model with generalized predictors (DDK3, CPS1, MOB3B, KRT6A), which has excellent prediction performance on blind cohorts for AR to EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib) and monoclonal antibody against EGFR (cetuximab). In addition, our model also showed high performance for predicting intrinsic resistance (IR) to EGFR-TKIs from two large-scale pharmacogenomic resources, the Cancer Genome Project and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, suggesting that these general predictive features may work across AR and IR. CONCLUSIONS We successfully constructed a multi-study-derived prediction model for acquired EGFR-TKI resistance with excellent accuracy, generalizability and transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Abrantes JLF, Tornatore TF, Pelizzaro-Rocha KJ, de Jesus MB, Cartaxo RT, Milani R, Ferreira-Halder CV. Crosstalk between kinases, phosphatases and miRNAs in cancer. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:167-87. [PMID: 25230087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins, performed by kinases and phosphatases, is the major post translational protein modification in eukaryotic cells. This intracellular event represents a critical regulatory mechanism of several signaling pathways and can be related to a vast array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer research has produced increasing evidence that kinase and phosphatase activity can be compromised by mutations and also by miRNA silencing, performed by small non-coding and endogenously produced RNA molecules that lead to translational repression. miRNAs are believed to target about one-third of human mRNAs while a single miRNA may target about 200 transcripts simultaneously. Regulation of the phosphorylation balance by miRNAs has been a topic of intense research over the last years, spanning topics going as far as cancer aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance. By addressing recent studies that have shown miRNA expression patterns as phenotypic signatures of cancers and how miRNA influence cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, inflammation and DNA repair, we discuss how kinases, phosphatases and miRNAs cooperatively act in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia L F Abrantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thaís F Tornatore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo B de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Cartaxo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renato Milani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
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Barrera-Vargas A, Gómez-Martín D, Alcocer-Varela J. T cell receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinases: the dynamics of tolerance regulation by phosphorylation and its role in systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:945-52. [PMID: 25173412 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.08.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There are different abnormalities that lead to the autoreactive phenotype in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Proximal signaling, involving the T-cell receptor (TCR) and its associated protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), is significantly affected in SLE. This ultimately leads to aberrant responses, which include enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium release, as well as decreased IL-2 secretion. Lck, ZAP70 and Syk, which are PTKs with a major role in proximal signaling, all present abnormal functioning that contributes to an altered T cell response in these patients. A number of other molecules, especially regulatory proteins, are also involved. This review will focus on the PTKs that participate in proximal signaling, with specific emphasis on their relevance in maintaining peripheral tolerance, their abnormalities in SLE and how these contribute to an altered T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barrera-Vargas
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Alcocer-Varela
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Chattopadhyay S, Sen GC. Tyrosine phosphorylation in Toll-like receptor signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2014;25:533-541. [PMID: 25022196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a wealth of knowledge about how different Ser/Thr protein kinases participate in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. In many cases, we know the identities of the Ser/Thr residues of various components of the TLR-signaling pathways that are phosphorylated, the functional consequences of the phosphorylation and the responsible protein kinases. In contrast, the analysis of Tyr-phosphorylation of TLRs and their signaling proteins is currently incomplete, because several existing analyses are not systematic or they do not rely on robust experimental data. Nevertheless, it is clear that many TLRs require, for signaling, ligand-dependent phosphorylation of specific Tyr residues in their cytoplasmic domains; the list includes TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR8 and TLR9. In this article, we discuss the current status of knowledge of the effect of Tyr-phosphorylation of TLRs and their signaling proteins on their biochemical and biological functions, the possible identities of the relevant protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and the nature of regulations of PTK-mediated activation of TLR signaling pathways.
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Richeldi L, Cottin V, Flaherty KR, Kolb M, Inoue Y, Raghu G, Taniguchi H, Hansell DM, Nicholson AG, Le Maulf F, Stowasser S, Collard HR. Design of the INPULSIS™ trials: two phase 3 trials of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med 2014; 108:1023-30. [PMID: 24834811 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nintedanib is in clinical development as a treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Data from the Phase II TOMORROW study suggested that nintedanib 150 mg twice daily had clinical benefits with an acceptable safety profile. METHODS The INPULSIS™ trials are replicate Phase III, randomized, double-blind, studies comparing the efficacy and safety of nintedanib 150 mg twice daily with placebo in patients with IPF. Eligible patients were aged ≥40 years with a diagnosis of IPF within 5 years before randomization who had undergone a chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan within 1-year before screening, and who had a forced vital capacity (FVC) of ≥50% predicted and a diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of 30-79% predicted. Participants were randomized 3:2 to receive nintedanib or placebo for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint is the annual rate of decline in FVC. The key secondary endpoints are change from baseline in the total score on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (a measure of health-related quality of life) over 52 weeks and time to first acute exacerbation. RESULTS Enrolment of 1066 patients in 24 countries was completed in September 2012. Results will be reported in the first half of 2014. CONCLUSION The INPULSIS™ trials will determine the efficacy of nintedanib in patients with IPF, including its impact on disease progression as defined by decline in FVC, acute exacerbations and health-related quality of life. In addition, they will characterise the adverse event profile of nintedanib in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifiers: NCT01335464 and NCT01335477).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Richeldi
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit and University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Louis Pradel Hospital, University of Lyon, 28 Avenue du Doyen Lepine, 69677 Bron Cedex, Lyon, France
| | - Kevin R Flaherty
- University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0360, USA
| | - Martin Kolb
- McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Department of Diffuse Lung Diseases and Respiratory Failure, Clinical Research Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Taniguchi
- Tosei General Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, 160 Nishioiwake-cho, Seto, Aichi 489-8642, Japan
| | - David M Hansell
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Florence Le Maulf
- Boehringer Ingelheim France S.A.S., 12, rue André Huet - B.P. 292, 51060 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Susanne Stowasser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Harold R Collard
- University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
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12
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Zhou TT, He L, Yan M, Zhang LY, He JG, Rao XP. Tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity of dehydroabietylamine derivatives tested by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence based high throughput screening model. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:506-13. [PMID: 24359775 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are attractive targets in searching for therapeutic agents against many diseases. In this study, a series of dehydroabietylamine derivatives were first determined to show PTK inhibitory activity using a high-throughput screening (HTS) method based on homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) technology. The structure-activity relationships of the dehydroabietylamine derivatives were established, and it was found that the compounds with a nitrogen-containing side chain had better inhibitory activity. Further studies showed that the compounds substituted with halogen in the phenyl ring resulted in higher inhibitory activity on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and can be a guide to modify the structure of dehydroabietylamine derivatives. Dehydroabietylamine derivatives might be a new class of multi-targeted and effective PTK inhibitors with structure modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ming Yan
- National Drug Screening Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- National Drug Screening Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Rao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
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