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Karalazou P, Ntelios D, Chatzopoulou F, Fragou A, Taousani M, Mouzaki K, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Kouidou S, Tzimagiorgis G. OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling axis in patients with type I diabetes: Associations with parathormone and vitamin D. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:161. [PMID: 31823791 PMCID: PMC6902340 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been associated with a higher fracture risk due to alterations in bone structure and metabolism. On the other hand, the important role of the RANKL/OPG/RANK signaling axis in bone physiology is well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, in T1D youngsters and to investigate factors that could influence the OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling axis such as 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], parathormone (PTH) and age. METHODS Serum RANKL, RANK, 25(OH) D, PTH levels and plasma OPG levels, were measured in 71 youngsters with T1D and 50 healthy controls matched for age and gender. RESULTS Plasma OPG levels were significantly lower (p = 0.025) in T1D patients compared to controls. Serum RANKL levels were significantly higher (p = 0.037), while no differences were observed in serum RANK levels (p = 0.946) between the two groups. Serum 25(OH) D levels found significantly decreased (p < 0.001) while serum PTH levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in T1D patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that OPG and RANKL may be promising biomarkers for T1D patients. However, their circulating levels were associated with several factors including PTH, 25(OH) D and therefore, may represent an integrative biomarker for a variety of endocrine signaling disturbances observed in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Karalazou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ntelios
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fani Chatzopoulou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Fragou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Taousani
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Mouzaki
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Kouidou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Minato Y, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Kikuta J, Hikida T, Hikida M, Suemitsu M, Kuyama K, Kasai K. Effect of caspases and RANKL induced by heavy force in orthodontic root resorption. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:253-261. [PMID: 30003059 PMCID: PMC6041455 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) due to orthodontic tooth movement is a difficult treatment-related adverse event. Caspases are important effector molecules for apoptosis. At present, little is known about the mechanisms underlying ORR and apoptosis in the cementum. The aim of the present in vivo study was to investigate the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), caspase 3, caspase 8, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in the cementum in response to a heavy or an optimum orthodontic force. Methods The maxillary molars of male Wistar rats were subjected to an orthodontic force of 10 g or 50 g using a closed coil spring. The rats were sacrificed each experimental period on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after orthodontic force application. And the rats were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results On day 7 for the 50-g group, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed numerous root resorption lacunae with odontoclasts on the root, while immunohistochemistry showed increased TRAP- and RANKL-positive cells. Caspase 3- and caspase 8-positive cells were increased on the cementum surfaces in the 50-g group on days 3 and 5. Moreover, the number of caspase 3- and caspase 8-positive cells and RANKL-positive cells was significantly higher in the 50-g group than in the 10-g group. Conclusions In our rat model, ORR occurred after apoptosis was induced in the cementum by a heavy orthodontic force. These findings suggest that apoptosis of cementoblasts is involved in ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Minato
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mami Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuji Hikida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Momoko Hikida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suemitsu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kayo Kuyama
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kasai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Takayama K, Inoue T, Narita S, Maita S, Huang M, Numakura K, Tsuruta H, Saito M, Maeno A, Satoh S, Tsuchiya N, Habuchi T. Inhibition of the RANK/RANKL signaling with osteoprotegerin prevents castration-induced acceleration of bone metastasis in castration-insensitive prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:103-110. [PMID: 28373003 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for patients with metastatic or locally advanced prostate cancer reduces bone mineral density by stimulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) signaling in osteoclasts. The involvement of the RANK/RANKL signaling in ADT-induced acceleration of bone metastasis in castration-insensitive prostate cancer was examined in a murine model using osteoprotegerin (OPG). Male Balb/c nude mice were divided into three groups: the non-castration, castration, and castration + OPG groups. PC-3M-luc-C6 was injected into the left ventricle of the mice. Recombinant OPG was injected intravenously twice weekly in the castration + OPG group. In-vivo imaging system (IVIS®) determined that the prevalence and photon counts of bone metastasis in the castration group were significantly higher than that in the non-castration and castration + OPG groups. The mean number of RANKL-positive osteoblasts and the mean serum RANKL level in the castration group were significantly higher than those in the non-castration group. RANKL-enhanced activation of osteoclasts was attenuated in the castration + OPG group. These results suggest that the mechanisms of RANK/RANKL signaling are involved in the ADT-induced acceleration of bone metastasis in castration-insensitive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Takayama
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Inoue
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mingguo Huang
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuruta
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maeno
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeru Satoh
- Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Dai J, Lu Y, Roca H, Keller JM, Zhang J, McCauley LK, Keller ET. Immune mediators in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer. Chin J Cancer 2017; 36:29. [PMID: 28292326 PMCID: PMC5351274 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer tissue is composed of both cancer cells and host cells. The milieu of host components that compose the tumor is termed the tumor microenvironment (TME). Host cells can be those derived from the tissue in which the tumor originates (e.g., fibroblasts and endothelial cells) or those recruited, through chemotactic or other factors, to the tumor (e.g., circulating immune cells). Some immune cells are key players in the TME and represent a large proportion of non-tumor cells found within the tumor. Immune cells can have both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activity. In addition, crosstalk between prostate cancer cells and immune cells affects immune cell functions. In this review, we focus on immune cells and cytokines that contribute to tumor progression. We discuss T-regulatory and T helper 17 cells and macrophages as key modulators in prostate cancer progression. In addition, we discuss the roles of interleukin-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in modulating prostate cancer progression. This review highlights the concept that immune cells and cytokines offer a potentially promising target for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 520021, P. R. China
| | - Hernan Roca
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jill M Keller
- Department of Urology and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 520021, P. R. China
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-8940, USA.
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Boman A, Kokkonen H, Ärlestig L, Berglin E, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) but not sclerostin or gene polymorphisms is related to joint destruction in early rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1005-1012. [PMID: 28190118 PMCID: PMC5400786 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze relationships between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL), sclerostin and their gene polymorphisms with radiological progression in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with early RA (n = 407, symptomatic <1 year) (ARA criteria) examined radiologically at inclusion and after 24 months were consecutively included. Disease activity score and C-reactive protein were regularly recorded. Sclerostin, RANKL, and anti-CCP2 antibodies were analyzed in plasma at baseline using ELISAs. Data on gene polymorphism for sclerostin and RANKL were extracted from Immunochip analysis. Sex- and age-matched controls (n = 71) were identified from the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden. The concentration of RANKL was significantly higher in patients compared with controls, median (IQR) 0.56 (0.9) nmol/L and 0.20 (0.25) nmol/L (p < 0.001), and in anti-CCP2-positive patients compared with sero-negative individuals. Sclerostin was significantly increased in female patients 0.59 (0.47–0.65) ng/mL compared with female controls 0.49 (0.4–0.65) ng/mL (p < 0.02). RANKL concentration was related to the Larsen score at baseline (p < 0.01), after 24 months (p < 0.001), and to radiological progression at 24 months (p < 0.001). Positivity of RANKL and anti-CCP2 yielded significant risk for progression with negativity for both as reference. No single nucleotide polymorphism encoding TNFSF11 or SOST was associated with increased concentrations of the factors. The concentration of RANKL was related to the Larsen score at baseline, at 24 months, and radiological progression at 24 months particularly in anti-CCP2-positive patients, while the concentration of sclerostin was unrelated to radiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Boman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Heidi Kokkonen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Ärlestig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ewa Berglin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
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Kuźniewski M, Fedak D, Dumnicka P, Stępień E, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Cwynar M, Sułowicz W. Osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin/TRAIL ratio are associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and mortality among patients with renal failure. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:269-275. [PMID: 27128817 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is observed especially in those undergoing dialysis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) have been associated with cardiovascular complications. Our aim was to study their role as cardiovascular risk factors in stage 5 CKD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS OPG, RANKL and TRAIL concentrations were measured in 69 hemodialyzed CKD patients and 35 healthy volunteers. In CKD patients, cardiovascular dysfunction was assessed with aortic pulse wave velocity (AoPWV), carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) serum concentrations. Cardiovascular and overall mortality data were collected during a 7-years follow-up. RESULTS OPG plasma concentrations were higher in CKD patients comparing to controls. Total soluble RANKL was lower and OPG/RANKL ratio higher in patients. Soluble TRAIL concentrations did not differ between the groups and OPG/TRAIL ratio was higher in CKD patients. OPG and OPG/TRAIL positively predicted long-term mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular) in CKD patients. OPG positively correlated with AoPWV, CCA-IMT and NT-proBNP whereas OPG/TRAIL with AoPWV and NT-proBNP. Described relationships were independent of classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors, with exception of age. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the role of OPG as a biomarker of cardiovascular dysfunction and a predictor of mortality in stage 5 CKD. OPG/TRAIL ratio can be proposed as a predictor of cardiovascular dysfunction and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kuźniewski
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Danuta Fedak
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Dumnicka
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Cwynar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Sułowicz
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Lin Y, Kazlova V, Ramakrishnan S, Murray MA, Fast D, Chandra A, Gellenbeck KW. Bone health nutraceuticals alter microarray mRNA gene expression: A randomized, parallel, open-label clinical study. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:18-26. [PMID: 26902403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables has been suggested to have a role in promoting bone health. More specifically, the polyphenols they contain have been linked to physiological effects related to bone mineral density and bone metabolism. In this research, we use standard microarray analyses of peripheral whole blood from post-menopausal women treated with two fixed combinations of plant extracts standardized to polyphenol content to identify differentially expressed genes relevant to bone health. METHODS In this 28-day open-label study, healthy post-menopausal women were randomized into three groups, each receiving one of three investigational fixed combinations of plant extracts: an anti-resorptive (AR) combination of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) and grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.) extracts; a bone formation (BF) combination of quercetin (Dimorphandra mollis Benth) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) extracts; and a fixed combination of all four plant extracts (AR plus BF). Standard microarray analysis was performed on peripheral whole blood samples taken before and after each treatment. Annotated genes were analyzed for their association to bone health by comparison to a gene library. RESULTS The AR combination down-regulated a number of genes involved in reduction of bone resorption including cathepsin G (CTSG) and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1). The AR combination also up-regulated genes associated with formation of extracellular matrix including heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) and hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1 (HYAL1). In contrast, treatment with the BF combination resulted in up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and COL1A1 (collagen type I α1) genes which are linked to bone and collagen formation while down-regulating genes linked to osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with a combination of all four plant extracts had a distinctly different effect on gene expression than the results of the AR and BF combinations individually. These results could be due to multiple feedback systems balancing activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. CONCLUSION In summary, this ex-vivo microarray study indicated that the pomegranate, grape seed, quercetin and licorice combinations of plant extracts modulated gene expression for both osteoclastic and osteogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Lin
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States; Yumei Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 821, Huntington Beach, CA 92648, United States
| | - Valentina Kazlova
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States
| | - Shyam Ramakrishnan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States; The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Tumkur Road, Bangalore 562123, India
| | - Mary A Murray
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States
| | - David Fast
- Access Business Group, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States
| | - Amitabh Chandra
- Access Business Group, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States
| | - Kevin W Gellenbeck
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States.
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Ishikawa S, Ogawa Y, Tamaki M, Takashima M, Tajika Y, Moue T, Zhang M, Kusayanagi H, Sunagawa M, Hisamitsu T. Influence of Palmatine on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Mice and Cytokine Secretion of Osteoblasts. In Vivo 2015; 29:671-677. [PMID: 26546523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), regulate the cognate receptor RANK on osteoclast precursor cells. Herein we examined the inhibitory effects of palmatine on bone metabolism using ovariectomized (OVX) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first experimentaI set was designed to histologically and biochemically examine mice randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, OVX, and OVX-palmatine intake groups (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). The second experimental set examined the influence of palmatine on osteoblast-like cells in vitro. RESULTS Palmatine caused significant suppression of osteoclast numbers in tissues. In palmatine-treated mice, RANKL and OPG expression decreased. In the culture supernatant of MC3T3-E1 cells, RANKL and OPG levels were significantly reduced by palmatine addition. CONCLUSION Palmatine may attenuate osteoclast differentiation through inhibition of RANKL and OPG expression by osteoblasts. Therefore, palmatine might be a candidate anti-resorptive agent for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Ogawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Tamaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takashima
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tajika
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kusayanagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Siddiqi MH, Siddiqi MZ, Ahn S, Kang S, Kim YJ, Sathishkumar N, Yang DU, Yang DC. Ginseng saponins and the treatment of osteoporosis: mini literature review. J Ginseng Res 2014; 37:261-8. [PMID: 24198650 PMCID: PMC3818951 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ginseng plant (Panax ginseng Meyer) has a large number of active ingredients including steroidal saponins with a dammarane skeleton as well as protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol, commonly known as ginsenosides, which have antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-adipocyte, and sexual enhancing effects. Though several discoveries have demonstrated that ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) as the most important therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis, yet the molecular mechanism of its active metabolites is unknown. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the therapeutic properties of ginsenosides both in vivo and in vitro, with an emphasis on the different molecular agents comprising receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, as well as the bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Siddiqi
- Korean Ginseng Center & Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Korea
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Mucci JM, Suqueli García F, de Francesco PN, Ceci R, Di Genaro S, Fossati CA, Delpino MV, Rozenfeld PA. Uncoupling of osteoblast-osteoclast regulation in a chemical murine model of Gaucher disease. Gene 2013; 532:186-91. [PMID: 24076352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the GBA gene that confer a deficient level of activity of glucocerebrosidase (GCase). This deficiency leads to accumulation of the glycolipid glucocerebroside in the lysosomes of cells of monocyte/macrophage system. Type I GD is the mildest form and is characterized by the absence of neuronopathic affection. Bone compromise in Gaucher disease patients is the most disabling aspect of the disease. However, pathophysiological aspects of skeletal alterations are still poorly understood. The homeostasis of bone tissue is maintained by the balanced processes of bone resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts. We decided to test whether bone resorption and/or bone formation could be altered by the use of a chemical in vitro murine model of Gaucher disease. We used two sources of cells from monocyte/macrophages lineage isolated from normal mice, splenocytes (S) and peritoneal macrophages (PM), and were exposed to CBE, the inhibitor of GCase (S-CBE and PM-CBE, respectively). Addition of both conditioned media (CM) from S-CBE and PM-CBE induced the differentiation of osteoclasts precursors from bone marrow to mature and functional osteoclasts. TNF-α could be one of the factors responsible for this effect. On the other hand, addition of CM to an osteoblast cell culture resulted in a reduction in expression of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization process. In conclusion, these results suggest implication of changes in both bone formation and bone resorption and are consistent with the idea that both sides of the homeostatic balance are affected in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Mucci
- LISIN, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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