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Dulcetti A, Bruscia C, Malena DM, Benvenuto R, Martocchia A, Sentimentale A, Tafaro L, March MR, Martelletti P. Acquired Hemophilia in an Elderly Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Case Report. SN Compr Clin Med 2022; 5:7. [PMID: 36466121 PMCID: PMC9684743 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-022-01330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII and characterized by spontaneous hemorrhage in patients with no previous family or personal history of bleeding. We report here a case of AHA that occurred in the Department of Medicina D'Urgenza in Sant'Andrea Hospital in a patient with previous diagnosis of NSLC. The aim of this article is to allow a more comprehensive knowledge of AHA that both for the rarity and the poor literature is underdiagnosed; for all these reasons, it is important that different specialists, like emergency specialists, experts in internal medicine, hematologists, and oncologists, acquire a more complete knowledge of the clinical and laboratory features of this disease, allowing an early diagnosis crucial for the evolution of the coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dulcetti
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - C. Bruscia
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - D. M. Malena
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - R. Benvenuto
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - A. Martocchia
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - A. Sentimentale
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - L. Tafaro
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - M. Rocchietti March
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
| | - P. Martelletti
- UOC Medicina d’Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, Rome, 00189 Italy
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Maeda K, Yamamoto S, Taniike N, Takenobu T. Acquired hemophilia A that required surgical hemostasis of hematomas occupying oral cavity: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:66. [PMID: 33583426 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acquired hemophilia A is a rare coagulopathy caused by inhibitors of blood coagulation factor VIII. Patients with acquired hemophilia A have a higher mortality risk (5–10%) than those with congenital hemophilia. Moreover, there is no established evidence of management recommended for patients with acquired hemophilia A. Previous studies have reported the presence of hematomas in the oral cavities of patients with acquired hemophilia A, which were treated conservatively. Here, we describe the case of a patient with acquired hemophilia A, where emergency surgical hemostasis was required for large intraoral hematomas. Case presentation A 65-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of bleeding from large intraoral hematomas. On examination, he could not close his mouth because of the hematomas, which were bleeding spontaneously. Computed tomography angiography revealed no evidence of arteriovenous malformation, and blood test results showed that the activated partial thromboplastin time was elevated beyond the normal limit. To avoid a life-threatening hemorrhage from hematomas, emergency surgical hemostasis was performed with nasotracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Hemostasis was successfully performed, as the hematomas were carefully removed. Moreover, the clinical course was successfully completed using intravenously administered activated prothrombin complex concentrate for hemostasis after operation. Conclusions Acquired hemophilia A can cause a life-threatening hemorrhage without predictive factors. Intraoral hematoma may cause airway obstruction. There is no consensus regarding the management of hemorrhage in patients with acquired hemophilia A. As shown here, exophytic hematomas in the oral cavity can be safely removed and nasotracheal intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscopy may be useful in patients with coagulopathy disease.
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Kyang LS, Howard A, Alzahrani NA, Morris DL. Case report: Intraoperative thrombosis cardiac arrest in extended right hepatectomy involving use of local haemostatic agent in intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) and administration of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). Int J Surg Case Rep 2019; 57:48-51. [PMID: 30901569 PMCID: PMC6429545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intractable intraoperative haemorrhage is a result of both surgical and coagulopathic (nonsurgical) components. There is increasing off-label use of rFVIIa for ceasing refractory bleeding aside from its application in patient with haemophilia. rFVIIa use may be associated with increased thromboembolic events according to some literature. The use of topical haemostatic agent in conjunction with ICS may potentially lead to systemic clot formation upon re-infusion of the chemical. Avoid use of cell saver suction while the surgical field is contaminated with topical clotting factors before irrigation with 0.9% sodium chloride.
Introduction In modern surgical era, local haemostatic agents and blood components such as recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) have expanded surgeons’ armamentarium in controlling “surgical” and “nonsurgical bleeding”. We report a case of intraoperative thrombosis and cardiac arrest involving use of local haemostatic agent in intraoperative cell salvage and rFVIIa administration in extended right hepatectomy. Presentation of case A 46-year-old lady underwent extended right hepatectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and autotransfusion with ICS for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour. She became extremely coagulopathic following weaning of CPB despite an array of fluid and blood products replacements. Decision to administer rFVIIa as a measure to arrest bleeding was unsuccessful. Extensive systemic thrombosis occurred which resulted in cardiac arrest and mortality. Discussion The thromboembolic event was unclear but likely multifactorial. Two important hypotheses were the administration of rFVIIa and use of local haemostatic agent in ICS. Conclusion Reported incidence of thromboembolism with use of rFVIIa in refractory bleeding is variable. More randomised controlled trials are needed to ascertain the efficacy and safety profile of the haemostatic agent. At present, off-label use of rFVIIa should be guided by the risk:benefit profile on a case-to-case basis. The authors also feel strongly against the use of local haemostatic gel in conjunction with ICS due to potential systemic circulation of the thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee S Kyang
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Andrew Howard
- Department of Anaesthesia, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nayef A Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Shah NM, Chong SE, Yusoff SM, Mazlan MZ, Johan KB, Azman N, Lim JA, Mohamad SM, Noordin SS, Ghaffar ZA, Hassan MH, Zabidi MA, Rahim NAA. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in refractory haemorrhage for non-haemophiliacs: an eleven-year single-centre experience. BMC Hematol 2018; 18:34. [PMID: 30498571 PMCID: PMC6251212 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-018-0126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Massive bleeding is one of the commonest salvageable causes of death. The search for an ideal haemostatic agent during massive bleeding is still ongoing. One of the novel haemostatic medications is recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). To date, the usage of rFVIIa during massive haemorrhage among non-haemophiliac patients remains off-label. The aim of this study is to report our experience in using rFVIIa to treat refractory bleeding. Methods Medical records of all patients treated with rFVIIa for massive bleeding over an eleven-year period in a single institution were recorded. Treatment indications, 24-h and 30-day mortality, changes in transfusion needs and coagulation profiles after rFVIIa administration were analysed. Results rFVIIa were administered in 76 patients. Of these, 41 (53.9%) were non-surgical bleeding, followed by 22 patients (28.9%) with trauma, other surgery bleedings in 9 patients (11.8%) and 4 patients (5.4%) with peripartum haemorrhage. Total survival rate was 78.9% within 24 h and 44.7% over 30 days. Among all these patients who had received rFVIIa due to life-threatening haemorrhage, blood and blood product requirements were significantly reduced (P < 0.001), and the coagulation profiles improved significantly (P < 0.05). Two patients with preexisting thromboembolism were given rFVIIa due to intractable bleeding, both survived. No thromboembolic events were reported after the administration of rFVIIa. Conclusions rFVIIa significantly improved coagulation parameters and reduced blood product requirements during refractory haemorrhage. Additionally, usage of rFVIIa in trauma and peripartum haemorrhage patients yield better outcomes than other groups of patients. However, the overall mortality rate remained high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfatin Mohd Shah
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
| | - Soon Eu Chong
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia.,3Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, KTN Malaysia
| | - Syahirah Mohamed Yusoff
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulfakar Mazlan
- 2School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, KTN Malaysia.,3Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, KTN Malaysia
| | - Khairul Bariah Johan
- 3Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, KTN Malaysia.,5Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, KTN Malaysia
| | - Nizuwan Azman
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
| | - Jo Anne Lim
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, 08000 Sungai Petani, KDH Malaysia
| | - Siti Mardhiana Mohamad
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
| | - Siti Salmah Noordin
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
| | - Zainab Abdul Ghaffar
- 6Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hasyizan Hassan
- 2School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, KTN Malaysia.,3Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, KTN Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azrul Zabidi
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
| | - Nur Arzuar Abdul Rahim
- 1Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, PNG Malaysia
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Abstract
Obstetric hemorrhage remains the leading cause of maternal death and severe morbidity worldwide. Although uterine atony is the most common cause of peripartum bleeding, abnormal placentation, coagulation disorders, and genital tract trauma contribute to adverse maternal outcomes. Given the inability to reliably predict patients at high risk for obstetric hemorrhage, all parturients should be considered susceptible, and extreme vigilance must be exercised in the assessment of blood loss and hemodynamic stability during the peripartum period. Obstetric-specific hemorrhage protocols, facilitating the integration and timely escalation of pharmacologic, radiological, surgical, and transfusion interventions, are critical to the successful management of peripartum bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Baird
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Mailcode UH2, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Abstract
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) and congenital factor VII deficiency (FVII CD) are rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorders: GT is the most frequent congenital platelet function disorder, and FVII CD is the most common factor-deficiency disease after haemophilia. The frequency of these disorders in the general population ranges from 1:500,000 to 1:2,000,000. Because GT and FVII CD are both rare, registries are the only approach possible to allow the collection and analysis of sufficient observational data. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, eptacog alfa activated) is indicated for the treatment of acute bleeding episodes and for surgery coverage in patients with GT who are refractory to platelets and have antiplatelet or anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies, and for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with FVII CD. This article summarises published data on the mechanism of action and use of rFVIIa in these disorders from two international, prospective, observational registries: the Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Registry (GTR) for GT; and the Seven Treatment Evaluation Registry (STER) for FVII CD. Haemostatic effectiveness rates with rFVIIa were high across all patients with GT and those with FVII CD, and treatment with rFVIIa in the GTR and STER registries was well tolerated. The GTR and the STER are the largest collections of data in GT and FVII CD, respectively, and have expanded our knowledge of the management of these two rare bleeding disorders.
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Sprenker C, Omar HR, Powless RA, Mangar D, Camporesi E. Massive oral bleeding after full-mouth extraction in a patient with B-cell lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma reversed with recombinant activated factor VII. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 147:142-5. [PMID: 26562728 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW Full-mouth extraction can be associated with intraoral bleeding, which usually is controlled with local hemostatic measures. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) occasionally is used to stop bleeding in a variety of off-label indications, with the main argument curtailing its use being thrombotic events. The authors describe the use of rFVIIa for bleeding after full-mouth extraction in a patient with undiagnosed B-cell lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. CASE DESCRIPTION A 72-year-old man underwent full-mouth extraction (18 teeth). The next day, the patient experienced massive oral bleeding. The authors administered tranexamic acid, aminocaproic acid, and a total of 12 units of packed red blood cells in addition to local hemostatic measures without control of bleeding. On postoperative day 10, the authors administered 5,000 micrograms of rFVIIa, and within 2 hours oral the bleeding ceased. The authors performed flow cytometry and diagnosed B-cell lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Unexplained massive oral bleeding despite adequate local hemostatic measures should prompt further investigations for underlying bleeding or coagulation disorders. The authors describe the successful use of rFVIIa in massive oral bleeding. Further studies are mandatory to study the effectiveness of this drug for this off-label indication.
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Tanaka KA, Mazzeffi M, Durila M. Role of prothrombin complex concentrate in perioperative coagulation therapy. J Intensive Care 2014; 2:60. [PMID: 25705417 PMCID: PMC4336276 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-014-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is a term to describe pharmacological products that contain lyophilized, human plasma-derived vitamin K-dependent factors (F), FII, FVII, FIX, FX, and various amounts of proteins C and S. PCCs can be rapidly reconstituted in a small volume (20 ml for about 500 international units (IU)) at bedside and administered regardless of the patient’s blood type. PCCs are categorized as 4-factor PCC if they contain therapeutic amounts of FVII, and 3-factor PCC when FVII content is low. In addition, activated PCC which contains activated FVII and FX with prothrombin is available for factor VIII bypassing therapy in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Currently, 4-factor PCC is approved for the management of bleeding in patients taking warfarin, but there has been increasing use of various PCCs in the treatment of acquired perioperative coagulopathy unrelated to warfarin therapy and in the management of bleeding due to novel oral anticoagulants. There is also an ongoing controversy about plasma transfusion and its potential hazards including transfusion-related lung injury (TRALI). Early fixed ratio plasma transfusion has been implemented in many trauma centers in the USA, whereas fibrinogen concentrate and PCC are preferred over plasma transfusion in some European centers. In this review, the rationales for including PCCs in the perioperative hemostatic management will be discussed in conjunction with plasma transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Division, University of Maryland, Suite S8D12, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Michael Mazzeffi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Division, University of Maryland, Suite S8D12, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Miroslav Durila
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bardon J, Fink J, de Montblanc J, Bergmann JF, Sarrut B, Benhamou D. [Off-label use of recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) in teaching hospitals in Paris in 2010]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 32:659-64. [PMID: 23953834 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) (Novoseven(®)) was initially developed as a substitutive treatment in haemophiliacs but has then been used in situations of major haemorrhage in non-haemophiliacs (off-label use). The goal of the present study was to assess the practice patterns when rFVIIa is used in off-label indications in major teaching hospitals of Paris in 2010. METHODS We retrospectively identified files of patients in whom rFVIIa had been used. Physicians in charge of these patients (or the most proxy physician available) were contacted and files analysed with one of the authors. Quality of rFVIIa used in these off-label situations was determined based on either French or European guidelines or the available literature when no guidelines could be found. Three categories were defined for indication, dosage, timing, associated biological factors and overall use: adequate, acceptable (mainly adequate but lacking some characteristics of an "ideal" prescription) and inadequate (lacking most of the necessary characteristics of an "ideal" prescription). RESULTS Among 59 patients who had an off-label prescription of rFVIIa, 49 prescriptions could be analysed. Indication for use and timing of administration were adequate in 100% of multiple trauma cases and 83% of obstetrical cases. Biological criteria associated with an improved efficacy were found in two thirds of prescriptions analysed. Overall, prescriptions were adequate or acceptable in 82% of cases. CONCLUSION In the vast majority of patients who received rFVIIa for off-label indications in teaching hospitals of the Paris area in 2010, prescriptions were in line with recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bardon
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud, France; Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
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Rujirojindakul P, Rujirojindakul P, McNeil EB, Geater AF, Chanchayanon T, Sangthong B, Chittithavorn V. Prediction score for effective bleeding control using recombinant activated factor VII in perioperative nonhemophilic patients. Am J Surg 2013; 206:326-32. [PMID: 23726232 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there has been growing evidence from off-label use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in surgical bleeding, there is limited information on prediction scores. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted from 2004 to 2009. The primary outcome was efficacy of bleeding control. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to develop a new prediction score for success of rFVIIa. RESULTS A total of 320 bleeding episodes from 243 nonhemophilic patients who underwent surgery were analyzed. Effective bleeding control was demonstrated in 153 patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 40%. Multivariate analysis identified 4 independent predictors for effective bleeding control: timing of rFVIIa administration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative international normalization ratio values, and total units of platelets transfused. A rFVIIa success prediction score was developed. CONCLUSIONS The use of this new prediction score may support decision making by identifying patients with a high probability of obtaining effective bleeding control from rFVIIa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panthila Rujirojindakul
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Solari
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Cavallo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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