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Li X, Zhang B, Li W, Zhao Y, Lyu X, You X, Lin L, Zhang C. Unraveling the chemosensory characteristics dependence of sauce-flavor baijiu on regionality using descriptive sensory analysis and quantitative targeted flavoromics. Food Chem 2024; 441:138274. [PMID: 38181665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Descriptive sensory analysis, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and multivariate statistical analysis were used to elucidate the regional dependence of sauce-flavor baijiu (SFB). Although SFB samples from different regions couldn't be clearly classified by sensory profiles, they could be clearly divided into 5 groups in principal component analysis plot based on quantitative targeted flavoromics analysis. And then, the relationship between sensory attributes and volatile compounds were investigated by network analysis. Twenty regional aroma markers were identified by multivariate statistical analysis to distinguish SFB samples from different regions. Furthermore, the influence of manufacturing operation on SFB in Guizhou region was further analyzed. Thirty-eight potential compounds were significant different in Guizhou SFB samples with different manufacturing operations. This study not only provides a better understanding of regional dependence on SFB flavor, but also further clarifies the inheritance importance of manufacturing operation in traditional SFB production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Busheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong You
- Guizhou Xijiu Co., LTD., Xishui 564622, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangcai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Dan Wu, Liu Y, Yang T. Pet ownership: A sign of superior socioeconomic position? Evidences from six cities in China. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106140. [PMID: 38350165 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pet ownership and the relationship between pet ownership and people's socioeconomic positions examined at the individual, household, and regional levels among a large representative sample of residents in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among six cities in China, incorporating a total of 5782 male residents along with their families in the analysis. The multilevel logistic regression models were employed to determine associations between socioeconomic deprivation and pet ownership prevalence. Pet-keeping is common in China as about 21.6% (95% C.I. 18.4%-24.0%) of households in China owned pets. Male participants aged over 55 years (OR: 0.78, 95%C.I.0.66-0.98) and those who are married (OR: 0.79, 95%C.I. 0.65-0.97) exhibit a reduced likelihood of pet ownership when contrasted with individuals younger than 25 years and those who have never married. Participants originating from medium or large urban centers demonstrate a significantly elevated likelihood of pet ownership, with an odds ratio of 1.98 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.30), when compared to their rural counterparts. Households residing in areas with medium population density have a 1.73 (95%C.I. 1.21-2.19) times higher likelihood to own a pet compared to those in regions of low population density. Elevated levels of socioeconomic deprivation, both at home and regionally, are associated with a substantially reduced probability of pet ownership. This study provides concrete evidence to the prevalence of pet ownership and its demographic distribution in China. These findings suggest that keeping pets might be more available to people with higher socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Psychology/ Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Women' s Hospital/Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Wu T, Liu Y, Wu X, Liu Z, Xiao R. Differentiated impacts of environmental contexts on residents' environmental attitudes towards ecological restoration programs of China's drylands. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120617. [PMID: 38537466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Residents' environmental attitudes (EAs) towards ecological restoration programs are vital for evaluating program effectiveness and promoting environmental management. However, most local studies have neglected the indirect environmental contextual influences on residents' EAs, and have omitted the regional variations in the environmental contextual influences. To investigate the multilevel factors affecting residents' EAs, we conducted a transect survey that included the eastern, middle, and western regions in northern China's drylands, where have experienced ecological restoration. Multilevel linear models (MLMs) were applied to analyse the direct and indirect impacts of environmental contexts and individual characteristics on rural residents' EAs. The results showed the environmental context can indirectly impact EAs by amplifying the influence of individual characteristics such as family structure and income on EAs. The EAs are influenced by different local environmental contexts among the east, middle and west of China's drylands. The humidity attitude was influenced by precipitation only in the highly arid western and middle regions, while precipitation attitude is strongly influenced by land surface temperature and humidity in eastern China's drylands. These findings hold important implications for understanding the cross-scale impact of environmental contexts on EAs in drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xutong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Lian Y, Lin X, Luo H, Zhang J, Sun X. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of household consumption carbon emissions in China from a spatial perspective. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119564. [PMID: 38042085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Household consumption carbon emissions (HCCEs) have become the main growth point of China's carbon emissions in the future. It is important to investigate the factors affecting the demand-side carbon emissions in order to find the accurate entry point of emission reduction and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Different from previous studies, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of provincial HCCEs in China from a spatial perspective by using the Theil index and spatial auto-correlation and explored the key influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of HCCEs in different regions by using an econometric model. The results of the study showed that: (1) Per capita HCCEs increased by 11.90% annually, and the eastern region > northeastern region > western region > central region. (2) There were regional differences in per capita HCCEs, but the decrease was significant at 40.32%. (3) The spatial agglomeration effect of per capita HCCEs was significant, and the hot spots were mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. (4) From the national level, every 1% increase in residents' consumption power would increase HCCEs by 2.489%. Which was the main factor for the growth of HCCEs, while the increase in fixed asset investment would restrain HCCEs. At the regional level, the change in population size significantly increased the HCCEs in the eastern and central regions. While for the western region, a 1% increase in population would reduce the HCCEs by 0.542%. For the eastern and central regions, the degree of aging and the consumption structure of residents could suppress regional HCCEs. However, the consumption structure of residents drove the growth of HCCEs in the western region. For the Northeast region, residents' consumption capacity and cooling degree days were the main factors for the growth of residents' consumption, while fixed asset investment could inhibit the growth of HCCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Lian
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, PR China; Institute of Energy Economics, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Lin
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, PR China; School of Business, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, PR China.
| | - Hongyun Luo
- School of Business, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, PR China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, PR China; Institute of Energy Economics, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, PR China; Institute of Energy Economics, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, PR China
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Zhan P, Zhu W, Zhang T, Li N. Regional inequalities of future climate change impact on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165495. [PMID: 37451446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The implications of climate change for rice yield have significant repercussions for food security, particularly in China, where rice cultivation is diverse, involving various cropping intensities, management practices, and climate conditions across numerous regions. The regional discrepancies in the impact of climate change on rice yield in China, however, are yet to be fully understood. Using the ORYZA(v3) model and future climate data from 2025 to 2084, gathered from ten climate models and three climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), we conducted an investigation into these regional discrepancies. Our findings suggest a projected average decline in rice yield ranging from 3.7 % to 16.4 % under both rainfed and fully irrigated conditions across different scenarios. Central, eastern, and northwestern China could face the most significant climate change impacts on both rainfed and irrigated rice, with yield reductions reaching 41.5 %. In contrast, low levels of climate change under the RCP2.6 scenario may benefit northeastern (2.4 %) and southern (1.0 %) regions for rainfed and irrigated rice, respectively. Fertilization effects from elevated CO2 could counterbalance climate change's negative impact, resulting in yield increases in all Chinese rice-growing regions, excluding the northwest. The primary factor influencing rice yield changes in all regions under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios was temperature. However, precipitation, solar radiation, and relative humidity had notable and sometimes dominant effects, especially under the RCP2.6 scenario. These results highlight the divergent, even contradictory, rice yield responses to climate change across China, underlining the need to account for regional differences in large-scale impact studies. The study's findings can inform future policy decisions regarding ensuring regional and national food security in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China
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Lee CC, Liu F, Shi J. What impacts do green bonds have on carbon emissions and how? A dynamic spatial perspective in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:117981-117997. [PMID: 37875762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Green bonds are adopted to exclusively finance or refinance green projects and thus is an important policy instrument for sustainable development. The development of these eco-friendly projects benefits the reduction of carbon emission. What impacts do green bonds have on carbon emission intensity and how? This issue needs to be revealed, including the dynamic spatial interactive rules and regional heterogeneity. This is especially true for China, with its vast territory and a short history of green bonds. Different with existing literature, this paper collects the data of the amount of green bond issued in each province in China rather than the policy dummy variable of green bond. The spatio-temporal interactions of both the impact of green bonds and the related mechanisms are studied. A dynamic spatial Durbin model (DSDM) combined with a STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model reveals the negative impacts of green bonds on carbon emissions and the spatio-temporal interactions. On this basis, the mediation model is introduced to clarify the three impact mechanisms of green bonds and find the predominant role of technology mechanism. In addition, different characteristics in spatial interactive rules and impact mechanisms of green bonds are found in various regions of China. Finally, the study proposes some policy recommendations on how to effectively reduce carbon emissions with green bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chiang Lee
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fengyun Liu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining & Technology, University Road No. 1, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Jiaoni Shi
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining & Technology, University Road No. 1, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Ma R, Zhang G, Kong Y, Jia S. Regional heterogeneity in short-term associations of meteorological factors, air pollution, and asthma hospitalizations in Guangxi, China. Public Health 2023; 223:42-49. [PMID: 37597463 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify and evaluate the short-term and lag effects of environmental factors on asthma hospitalizations in different regions. STUDY DESIGN The ecological study on asthma is performed in three regions of Guangxi, China, that are distinctly different in geography and climate. METHODS We used distributed lag non-linear models to investigate the exposure-response-lag relationship between meteorological factors, air pollutants, and asthma hospital admissions across the three regions during 2015 (January 1 to December 31). RESULTS Cold was an important meteorological factor affecting asthma. At lag 0, the relative risk (RR; 23°C as reference) of cold in the Northwest, Northeast, and South was 1.10 (10°C), 1.14 (8°C), and 1.30 (11°C), respectively. NO2 was identified as the most important air pollutant affecting asthma. The RR of asthma hospitalization increased by 10.9% (at lag 4), 8.1% (at lag 0), and 4.2% (at lag 2) for every 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration in the Northwest, Northeast, and South, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the three regions of Guangxi, there were differences in the dominant factors affecting asthma hospitalizations. Differences in geography can inform governments as to how to prepare the healthcare system to meet the expected peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; The College of Information Science & Technology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 451044, China.
| | - G Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Y Kong
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - S Jia
- The College of Information Science & Technology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 451044, China.
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Tamai T, Narukawa M. Comparison of safety outcomes of anticancer drugs in Japanese and non-Japanese patients in multi-regional clinical trials: meta-analysis of safety profiles. Invest New Drugs 2023:10.1007/s10637-023-01362-7. [PMID: 37162707 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
No report has assessed the differences in adverse event (AE) profiles of anticancer drugs for all types of cancers in clinical trials involving Japanese patients. This study aimed to compare the safety outcomes of anticancer drugs in Japanese and non-Japanese patients in multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs), regardless of the type of cancer or drug. All new approvals of oncology drugs in Japan from January 2009 to December 2018 were searched through the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency website. The odds ratio (OR) for comparing the incidence of AEs between Japanese and non-Japanese patients was estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel method with a random effect model. Sixty-six multi-regional phase 3 trials were identified involving 43,712 patients. Severe AE, AE leading to dose reduction, and AE leading to dose interruption were significantly more frequent in Japanese patients than in non-Japanese (odds ratios [ORs] were 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.53), 1.97 (95% CI: 1.66-2.31), and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.43-1.86), respectively). Serious AEs (SAEs) and AEs leading to death were significantly less frequent in Japanese patients (OR: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.62-0.77) vs. 0.56 (95% CI: 0.44-0.67), respectively). There were no differences in AEs leading to study withdrawal. The incidence of most AEs was significantly higher in Japanese patients. In Japanese patients, the incidence of SAEs and AEs leading to death was low, but severe AEs, AEs leading to dose reductions, AEs leading to dose interruption, and individual adverse events were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tamai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Narukawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Mørup-Petersen A, Krogsgaard MR, Laursen M, Madsen F, Mongelard KBG, Rømer L, Winther-Jensen M, Odgaard A. Hospital variation in revision rates after primary knee arthroplasty was not explained by patient selection: baseline data from 1452 patients in the Danish prospective multicenter cohort study, SPARK. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023:10.1007/s00167-023-07374-3. [PMID: 37083739 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Revision rates following primary knee arthroplasty vary by country, region and hospital. The SPARK study was initiated to compare primary surgery across three Danish regions with consistently different revision rates. The present study investigated whether the variations were associated with differences in the primary patient selection. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study included patients scheduled Sep 2016 Dec 2017 for primary knee arthroplasty (total, medial/lateral unicompartmental or patellofemoral) at three high-volume hospitals, representing regions with 2-year cumulative revision rates of 1, 2 and 5%, respectively. Hospitals were compared with respects to patient demographics, preoperative patient-reported outcome measures, motivations for surgery, implant selection, radiological osteoarthritis and the regional incidence of primary surgery. Statistical tests (parametric and non-parametric) comprised all three hospitals. RESULTS Baseline data was provided by 1452 patients (89% of included patients, 56% of available patients). Patients in Copenhagen (Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, high-revision) were older (68.6 ± 9 years) than those in low-revision hospitals (Aarhus 66.6 ± 10 y. and Aalborg (Farsø) 67.3 ± 9 y., p = 0.002). In Aalborg, patients who had higher Body Mass Index (mean 30.2 kg/m2 versus 28.2 (Aarhus) and 28.7 kg/m2 (Copenhagen), p < 0.001), were more likely to be male (56% versus 45 and 43%, respectively, p = 0.002), and exhibited fewer anxiety and depression symptoms (EQ-5D-5L) (24% versus 34 and 38%, p = 0.01). The preoperative Oxford Knee Score (23.3 ± 7), UCLA Activity Scale (4.7 ± 2), range of motion (Copenhagen Knee ROM Scale) and patient motivations were comparable across hospitals but varied with implant type. Radiological classification ≥ 2 was observed in 94% (Kellgren-Lawrence) and 67% (Ahlbäck) and was more frequent in Aarhus (low-revision) (p ≤ 0.02), where unicompartmental implants were utilized most (49% versus 14 (Aalborg) and 23% (Copenhagen), p < 0.001). In the Capital Region (Copenhagen), the incidence of surgery was 15-28% higher (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patient-reported outcome measures prior to primary knee arthroplasty were comparable across hospitals with differing revision rates. While radiographic classifications and surgical incidence indicated higher thresholds for primary surgery in one low-revision hospital, most variations in patient and implant selection were contrary to well-known revision risk factors, suggesting that patient selection differences alone were unlikely to be responsible for the observed variation in revision rates across Danish hospitals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II, Prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mørup-Petersen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Michael Rindom Krogsgaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section for Sports Traumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Mogens Laursen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Frank Madsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Rømer
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Matilde Winther-Jensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Department of Data, Biostatistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Odgaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang Y, Chen X, Shi L. COVID-19's effect on the spatial integration of fish markets: Evidence from carp price in China. Aquaculture 2023; 563:739017. [PMID: 36345505 PMCID: PMC9628203 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While curbing the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), lockdown policies and "stay-at-home" restrictions caused massive supply chain disruptions worldwide. This led to breaks in spatial market integration, which could further lead to market inefficiency and resource misallocation. Taking daily price data from 2016 to 2021, this study investigates COVID-19's effect on the spatial market integration of fish in China using cointegration tests. We find a high degree of spatial market integration for fish in China before the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, our results show that COVID-19's effect on the spatial market integration of fish varies spatially in China. Specifically, COVID-19 reduces the degree of spatial market integration in most provinces, especially those with high infection rates. Meanwhile, the degree of spatial market integration in provinces with low infection rates remains high. Therefore, the government should be regionally specific when formulating market recovery policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Rd., Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Rd., Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longzhong Shi
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Rd., Wuhan 430070, China
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Wu X, Zhang D, Wang F, Luo L, Chen Y, Lu S. Risk assessment of metal(loid)s in tea from seven producing provinces in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159140. [PMID: 36191717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate metal(loid) contamination in tea leaves and assess health risks of tea drinking in China, metal(loid) concentrations in tea leaves from major tea-producing provinces were determined. Nine metal(loid)s (Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) were measured in a total of 217 tea samples representing five tea varieties (black tea, dark tea, green tea, oolong tea and white tea) from seven major tea-producing provinces of China (Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Zhejiang). The results indicated that tea samples from Hunan Province had the highest metal(loid) concentrations, likely due its high prevalence of heavy industrial activities and soil pollution. The concentrations of As and Pb in dark tea were markedly higher than those in other tea varieties. A strong Spearman correlation coefficient (0.78, P < 0.001) of As and Pb in all the tea varieties has also been found, indicating their similar sources. Human health risk assessment for the nine analyzed metal(loid)s indicated that co-exposure to these metal(loids) may not cause significant health risks (hazard index [HI] > 1 suggests considerable health risks). Among the five tea varieties, metal(loids)s in dark and green tea induced relatively higher health risks, with 90th percentile HI values approached 0.8. Co (53.6 %-84.5 %) and Al (3.33 %-15.8 %) made the highest contributions to the HI of the selected tea commodities. Thus, public and regulatory agencies should reduce excessive Co and Al accumulation in these tea varieties during cultivation and production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Yining Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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12
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Shuwen H, Yinhang W, Xingming Z, Jing Z, Jinxin L, Wei W, Kefeng D. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to plot colorectal cancer-related gut microbiota in a population with varied geography. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:50. [PMID: 36578080 PMCID: PMC9795735 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors. Regional differences in risk factors are an important reason for the different incidences of CRC in different regions. OBJECTIVE The goal was to clarify the intestinal microbial composition and structure of CRC patients in different regions and construct CRC risk prediction models based on regional differences. METHODS A metagenomic dataset of 601 samples from 6 countries in the GMrepo and NCBI databases was collected. All whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were annotated for species by MetaPhlAn2. We obtained the relative abundance of species composition at the species level and genus level. The MicrobiotaProcess package was used to visualize species composition and PCA. LEfSe analysis was used to analyze the differences in the datasets in each region. Spearman correlation analysis was performed for CRC differential species. Finally, the CRC risk prediction model was constructed and verified in each regional dataset. RESULTS The composition of the intestinal bacterial community varied in different regions. Differential intestinal bacteria of CRC in different regions are inconsistent. There was a common diversity of bacteria in all six countries, such as Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Fusobacterium nucleatum at the species level. Peptostreptococcus stomatis (species level) and Peptostreptococcus (genus level) are important CRC-related bacteria that are related to other bacteria in different regions. Region has little influence on the accuracy of the CRC risk prediction model. Peptostreptococcus stomatis is an important variable in CRC risk prediction models in all regions. CONCLUSION Peptostreptococcus stomatis is a common high-risk pathogen of CRC worldwide, and it is an important variable in CRC risk prediction models in all regions. However, regional differences in intestinal bacteria had no significant impact on the accuracy of the CRC risk prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- grid.412465.0Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Building 6 Room 2018, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhao Xingming
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liu Jinxin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Wei
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ding Kefeng
- grid.412465.0Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Building 6 Room 2018, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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13
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Li F, Yin X, Shao M. Natural and anthropogenic factors on China's ecosystem services: Comparison and spillover effect perspective. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116064. [PMID: 36179477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the development of urbanization, ecological space is increasingly disturbed and invaded by human activities. From 2000 to 2020, the value of ecosystem services in China decreased from 28.05 to 27.77 trillion yuan. This paper combines the natural and social data of 370 administrative units in China from 2000 to 2020 with the GTWR model. Our results show that in most regions of China, the coefficient value of factor GDP or POP is significantly higher than that of other factors. The regions with higher natural factors coefficient value are concentrated in the northwest and southeast. In addition, this study found that the driving factors and ESV have geographical spillover effects. The above conclusions have important practical significance for planning policies according to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Li
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Yin
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ming Shao
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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14
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Cui T, Zhang Y. Research on the impact of circular economy on total factor carbon productivity in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:78780-78794. [PMID: 35697991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circular economy plays an important role in carbon emissions reduction. To understand how the development of circular economy in China improve the carbon productivity is of great significance to realize China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Due to the late introduction of the concept of carbon productivity, only a few studies have preliminarily analyzed the impact of the overall development of circular economy on carbon productivity at the macro level, but they ignored the different impact of different dimensions of the circular economy indicator system on carbon productivity at the micro level. In this context, this paper analyzes the impact of circular economy on carbon productivity by constructing an index evaluation system for the carbon reduction effect of circular economy through the two dimensions of resource efficiency and economic benefits and using the total factor carbon productivity measured by the DEA-Malmquist model and also analyzes the untapped potential of circular economy in different regions, which is expected to provide policy reference for how to achieve green and sustainable development in China under low-carbon constraints. Results show that first, the development of circular economy positively affects carbon productivity, and such promotion effect gradually strengthens with time. Meanwhile, the proposed indices demonstrate varying effects, with the resource efficiency indices outperforming the economic efficiency indices. Second, the varying degrees of circular economy development across regions lead to variations in the carbon reduction effect of circular economy on carbon productivity. Specifically, compared with the eastern and central regions, the western region shows the greater untapped potential of the circular economy. Identifying priorities for circular economy development, developing a circular economy in accordance with the local conditions, developing and utilizing advanced carbon emissions reduction technologies, and opening up further to the outside world have important theoretical value and practical significance for exploring the carbon emission reduction effect of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiening Cui
- Economics and Management School, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Economics and Management School, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China.
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15
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Sun S, Zheng X, Liu X, Wang Z, Liang L. Global pattern and drivers of water scarcity research: a combined bibliometric and geographic detector study. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:523. [PMID: 35737175 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity, which refers to a deficit of freshwater resources availability in meeting anthropogenic and environmental water needs, is nowadays a growing concern in many countries around the world. Because water scarcity is often poor management induced, research is critical to advance knowledge and provide technical and policy support for water scarcity adaptation and solutions. Here, we address global water scarcity research pattern and underlying drivers, using the bibliometric analysis combined with geographic detector. The results indicate that water scarcity research exhibits great temporal and spatial variations. Predominant factors that control the numbers of water scarcity publications are gross domestic products (GDP) and population, which altogether explain 30-52% of the variance of the number of publications in different countries. Water scarcity research is biased in a few populated and affluent countries. Other factors, including physical water scarcity, research and development expenditure, and governance indicators can also be linked to water scarcity research. Keywords mining reveals that hotspots of research domains on causes, approaches, types, and effects of water scarcity show continental difference. The results have policy implications for guiding future water scarcity research. Research in developing countries suffering from physical and economic water scarcity should be enhanced to improve adaptive capacity and reduce vulnerability to water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xingcai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Longwu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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16
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Du X, Niu D, Chen Y, Wang X, Bi Z. City classification for municipal solid waste prediction in mainland China based on K-means clustering. Waste Manag 2022; 144:445-453. [PMID: 35462289 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cities in mainland China are usually classified according to geographical locations. This traditional city classification system is limited to relative fixed factors, which lives out a gap in terms of the spatial differences of municipal solid waste (MSW). Developing a more comprehensive city classification system is essential for MSW generation prediction and waste management. In this study, six economic, social and climatic indicators that affect MSW generation: population, per capita GDP (PCGDP), environmental sanitation investment (ESI), average temperature, average precipitation, and average humidity, are selected. Weights were calculated for each indicator using a combination of CRITIC weight method and Pearson correlation coefficient prior to cluster analysis. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify all cities into four clusters, which differed significantly in the relationships between MSW generation and influencing factors. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test also show that cities in different clusters show different distributions in terms of the indicators selected. The cross-prediction results of the model further validate the reliability of the clustering results from a quantitative perspective. By establishing a city classification system, cities with similar relationships between MSW generation and influencing factors can be placed into one cluster. The model established in one certain city cluster can be used to predict the MSW generation for cities in the same cluster that lack historical data. This may also help to formulate appropriate regional policies according to different relationships between MSW generation and influencing factors, especially for the four city clusters in the mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Eco-Urban Design (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhujie Bi
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitary Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200232, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, China
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Khan SU, Cui Y, Khan AA, Ali MAS, Khan A, Xia X, Liu G, Zhao M. Tracking sustainable development efficiency with human-environmental system relationship: An application of DPSIR and super efficiency SBM model. Sci Total Environ 2021; 783:146959. [PMID: 33866185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin, China, has gained comprehensive realistic and academic attention as a significant part of high-quality development. Current study used the 30 years (1997-2017) panel data of 9 provinces and constructed Drivers, Pressure, State, Impact and Response analysis framework and super efficiency Slack-Based Measure (DPSIR-SBM) model to evaluate rural sustainable development efficiency (RSDE). For the reason, the convergence, divergence and their influencing factors are discussed from three aspects, which are σ convergence, absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence. The research findings revealed that the RSDE in yellow river basin display a fluctuating downward pattern per an average decrease rate of 0.03%, while regional differences exist in three sub-basins. The upper and lower basins display a fluctuating upward pattern, whereas the middle basin present a fluctuating downward pattern. Moreover, regional differences were also observed from the average RSDE, followed by the spatial pattern of "upper basin > lower basin > middle basin". σ convergence exist in the whole basin as well as in its upper basin, while absolute β convergence exists in the whole basin and in the lower basin, and there exists conditional β convergence in the whole as well as in all the three sub-basins. Initial RSDE, planting structure, financial autonomy rate and mechanization level inhibit the improvement of RSDE, while urbanization level and rural GDP per capita have negative and non-significant impact on RSDE of the whole basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Cui
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Arshad Ahmad Khan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Aftab Khan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xianli Xia
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guobin Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Minjuan Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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18
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Liu D, Wu P, Zhao N, Nie S, Cui J, Zhao M, Jin H. Differences of bisphenol analogue concentrations in indoor dust between rural and urban areas. Chemosphere 2021; 276:130016. [PMID: 33684859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are widely applied in varying consumer products. Many studies have reported their presence in indoor dust samples from China. However, the differences in occurrence and concentration profiles of BPs in indoor dust between rural and urban areas are still not well characterized. In this study, eight BPs were measured in 60 indoor dust samples collected from rural and urban districts of Hangzhou, China. Bisphenol A (BPA; mean 1.8 μg/g, range 0.20-7.2 μg/g) was the predominant BP in indoor dust samples, accounting for mean 57% of the total BP (∑BP) concentration, followed by bisphenol S (BPS; 0.58 μg/g, <LOD-2.4 μg/g) and bisphenol AF (0.43 μg/g, <LOD-2.6 μg/g). Indoor dust samples from the urban areas (n = 27) contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of ∑BPs, BPA, and BPS than that from the rural areas (n = 33). Comparatively, bisphenol F and bisphenol AP were more frequently detected in urban indoor dust samples. Daily intakes (DIs) of BPs through the indoor dust inhalation were estimated for infants, children, and adults. Infants had much higher (p < 0.01) DIs of BPs than children and adults, mainly owing to their lower body weights and higher indoor dust ingestion rates. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies examining the regional differences of BP concentrations in indoor dust from China, which could contribute to the more accurate evaluation of human BP exposure through indoor dust intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Saisai Nie
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China.
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China.
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Wada K, Yokoyama T, Uno S, Araki M, Sadahira T, Maruyama Y, Acosta H, Nakajima H, Hiyama Y, Kunishima Y, Togo Y, Nukaya T, Yamada H, Shigemura K, Ito S, Tanimura M, Kobayashi K, Kitano H, Teishima J, Yasuda M, Uehara S, Hamasuna R, Watanabe T, Nakagawa T, Hayami H, Miyazaki J, Takahashi S, Masumori N, Ishikawa K, Kiyota H, Fujisawa M, Arakawa S, Nasu Y, Yamamoto S. Nationwide surveillance of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis in 2018: Conducted by the Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infections (JRGU). J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:1169-1180. [PMID: 33863634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to monitor the development of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) and to evaluate methodology of the survey conducted by collecting only clinical data. METHODS We enrolled female patients at least 16 years of age diagnosed with AUC in 2018. Patient information including age, menopausal status, and results of bacteriological examination were collected and analyzed regardless of bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) detection method. RESULTS A total of 847 eligible cases were collected. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most frequently isolated bacterial species at about 70%, with proportions of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates at 15.6% and 9.5% of all E. coli isolates, respectively. The proportion of Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) was significantly higher in premenopausal women. Regarding the drug susceptibility of E. coli, isolates from Eastern Japan had significantly higher susceptibility to cefazolin, cefotiam and cefpodoxime and lower susceptibility to levofloxacin in postmenopausal women. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates had a high susceptibility to tazobactam-piperacillin, cefmetazole, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fosfomycin. In S. saprophyticus, the susceptibility to β-lactams including carbapenems was 40-60%. CONCLUSIONS The proportions of QREC and ESBL-producing E. coli were increasing trends and lower susceptibility to LVFX in postmenopausal women was observed. Such surveillance, consisting of the collecting only clinical data, could be conducted easily and inexpensively. It is expected to be continuously performed as an alternative survey to conventional one collecting bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Teruhiko Yokoyama
- Yokoyama Urological Clinic, 2-7-1 Ima, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0975, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uno
- Hirajima Clinic, 1041-4 Higashi-hirajima, Okayama, 709-0631, Japan
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Maruyama
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Herik Acosta
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirochika Nakajima
- Department of Urology, Fukuyama City Hospital, 5-23-1 Zao-cho, Fukuyama, 721-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hiyama
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, S1 W17 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kunishima
- Department of Urology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, N3-1-1 W4 Sunagawa, 073-0196, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Togo
- Department of Urology, Kyowakai Medical Corporation Kyoritsu Hospital, 16-5 Chuo-cho, Kawanishi, 666-0016, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takuhisa Nukaya
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University Hospital, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Urology, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, 125-8506, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Deartment of Urology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shin Ito
- IClinic, 5-9-6 Nagamachi, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, 982-0011, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tanimura
- Department of Urology, JA Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Aza-Nakano, Myōken, Nankoku, 783-8509, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kanao Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Chugoku Rosai Hospital, 1-5-1 Tagaya, Kure, 737-0193, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yasuda
- Center for Nutrition Support and Infection Control, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Uehara
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hamasuna
- Department of Urology, Federation of National Public Services and Affiliated Personel Mutual Aid Associations, Shin-Kokura Hospital, 1-3-1 Kaneda-cho, Kita-ku, Kokura, Kita-kyusyu, 803-8505, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, 173-8606, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayami
- Blood Purification Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Miyazaki
- Department of Urology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, 6-1-14 Kounodai, Ichikawa, 272-0827, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical, University Hospital, S1 W17 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Naoya Masumori
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, S1 W17 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Ishikawa
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University Hospital, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyota
- Department of Urology, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, 125-8506, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Deartment of Urology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Soichi Arakawa
- Department of Urology, Sanda City Hospital, 3-1-1 Keyakidai, Sanda, 669-1321, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine College Hospital, 1-1 Mukogawa-machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa- Machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
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20
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Dong E, Xu J, Sun X, Xu T, Zhang L, Wang T. Differences in regional distribution and inequality in health-resource allocation on institutions, beds, and workforce: a longitudinal study in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:78. [PMID: 34001268 PMCID: PMC8130126 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The distribution of health-care resources is foundational to achieving fairness and having access to health service. China and its local Shanghai’s government have implemented measures to allocate health-care resources with the equity as one of the major goals since 2009-health-care reform. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in regional distribution and inequality in health-resource allocation on institutions, beds, and workforce in Shanghai over 7 years. Methods The study was conducted using 2010–2016 data to analyze health-resource allocation on institutions, beds, and workforce in Shanghai, China. The annual growth rate (AGR) was used to evaluate the time trends of health-care resource from 2010 to 2016, and Theil index was calculated to measure inequality of five indicators of health-care resource allocation during this study period. Results All quantities of health-care resources per 1000 people increased across Shanghai districts from 2010 to 2016. Compared with suburban districts, the central districts had higher ratios on five health-care resource indicators, and faster average growth in the bed and nurse indicator. The Theil of the indicators, except for doctors in hospitals, all exhibited downward time trends. Conclusions Regional difference between urban and rural areas and inequality between institution and workforce, especially for doctors, still existed. Some targeted measures including but not limited to income raising, facilitation of transportation conditions, investment of more fiscal funds, enhancement of health-care service provision for rural residents should be fully considered to narrow resource distribution gap between urban and rural districts and mitigate the inequality of health-care resource allocation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-021-00597-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhong Dong
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China.,School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Emergency Department, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, 253003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Lufa Zhang
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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21
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Koyanagi-Matsumura E, Miura H, Saito M, Harada S. Type II/III cell composition and NCAM expression in taste buds. Cell Tissue Res 2021. [PMID: 33942154 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Taste buds are localized in fungiform (FF), foliate (FL), and circumvallate (CV) papillae on the tongue, and taste buds also occur on the soft palate (SP). Mature elongate cells within taste buds are constantly renewed from stem cells and classified into three cell types, Types I, II, and III. These cell types are generally assumed to reside in respective taste buds in a particular ratio corresponding to taste regions. A variety of cell-type markers were used to analyze taste bud cells. NCAM is the first established marker for Type III cells and is still often used. However, NCAM was examined mainly in the CV, but not sufficiently in other regions. Furthermore, our previous data suggested that NCAM may be transiently expressed in the immature stage of Type II cells. To precisely assess NCAM expression as a Type III cell marker, we first examined Type II and III cell-type markers, IP3R3 and CA4, respectively, and then compared NCAM with them using whole-mount immunohistochemistry. IP3R3 and CA4 were segregated from each other, supporting the reliability of these markers. The ratio between Type II and III cells varied widely among taste buds in the respective regions (Pearson's r = 0.442 [CV], 0.279 [SP], and - 0.011 [FF]), indicating that Type II and III cells are contained rather independently in respective taste buds. NCAM immunohistochemistry showed that a subset of taste bud cells were NCAM(+)CA4(-). While NCAM(+)CA4(-) cells were IP3R3(-) in the CV, the majority of them were IP3R3(+) in the SP and FF.
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22
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Moon SW, Mo HY, Choi EJ, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Cancer-related SRCAP and TPR mutations in colon cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 217:153292. [PMID: 33307343 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current information suggests that SRCAP, TPR and CEACAM5 genes have cancer-related activities, but their alteration status is not well identified in colon cancer (CC). In this study, we analyzed frameshift mutations of these genes in CCs according to the microsatellite instability (MSI) status (high MSI (MSI-H) and microsatellite stable (MSS) CCs). In addition, regional difference in frameshift mutations of SRCAP, TPR and CEACAM5 genes were studied in CCs. In this study, we detected frameshift mutations (deletion or duplication of one or two bases) of SRCAP in 12 (12 %), TPR in 3 (3%) and CEACAM5 in 2 (2%) CCs with MSI-H. However, there was no such mutations in MSS cancers (P < 0.001). 18.8 % and 6.3 % of 16 CCs showed the regional difference in the SRCAP and TPR mutations, respectively. Approximately in 60 % of the CCs, SRCAP expression was increased compared to normal colon cells. Our study shows that SRCAP, TPR and CEACAM5 frameshift mutations and their regional difference as well as altered SRCAP expression are present in MSI-H CCs, which could contribute to CC development with MSI-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Won Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yoon Mo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Tamai T, Kaneko M, Narukawa M. Comparison of efficacy outcomes of anticancer drugs between Japanese patients and the overall population. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 26:296-304. [PMID: 33057897 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to recognize regional and racial differences in drug efficacy and safety when performing multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs). To understand regional differences, we compared the efficacy results in Japanese patients and the overall population in the MRCTs of anticancer drugs. METHODS All new approvals of oncology drugs in Japan from January 2009 to December 2018 were searched using the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency web site to find phase 3 MRCTs for the analysis. As the supporting data source, a literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar. Linear regression analysis was performed and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to compare the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR) between Japanese patients and the overall population. RESULTS Seventy MRCTs were identified. The correlation of hazard ratios (HRs) for OS between Japanese patients and the overall population was moderate (r = 0.45), and OS was 1.31 times longer in Japanese patients than in the overall population, although the correlation of median OS was strong (r = 0.91). The HRs for PFS were moderately correlated (r = 0.70) and the correlation of median PFS was strong (r = 0.90). The correlation of ORR was very strong (r = 0.96). CONCLUSION The PFS and ORR were consistent between Japanese patients and the overall population. A longer median OS was observed in Japanese patients. Our results would be a useful reference when planning and conducting MRCTs that include Japan for global simultaneous drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tamai
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mamoru Narukawa
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Chinese society has experienced a dramatic change over the past several decades, which has had a profound impact on its household system. Utilizing the Chinese national census and 1% population survey data from 1982 to 2015, this study demonstrates the transition of the Chinese household structure through typology analyses. Five typical regional household structure types-large lineal, large nuclear, small nuclear, mixed lineal, and small and diverse-are identified. Our findings demonstrate that since the 1980s, the household system in almost all Chinese regions has evolved from a large unitary model to a small diversified one. However, this evolutionary path diverged after 2000 and formed two distinct household structure systems. There are also significant regional differences in the transition trajectory. Influenced by developmental, cultural, and demographic factors, the regions exhibit four distinct transition paths: lineal tradition, nuclear retardation, smooth transition, and fast transition. On the basis of these results, we discuss family modernization and other theories in explaining the transition of the Chinese household structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Ave, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Wenting Fan
- School of Public Affairs & Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Song
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Ave, Beijing, 100872, China.
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Liu K, Lu S, Zhang G. Regional difference in global unified efficiency of China-Evidence from city-level data. Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136355. [PMID: 31955072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the world's most energy-consuming and carbon-emitting country, China faces enormous pressures on energy conservation and emission reduction, and improving energy efficiency is one of the most important ways to save energy and reduce emissions. Using the city-level panel data in China during 2013-2017, we apply the global non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) to estimate the global unified efficiency (GUE) of each city as well as their driving forces, and identify the change of efficiency performance. The results indicate that the average GUE changed -1.0%, 1.2%, 6.0% and 7.0% during 2013-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, respectively. The more developed Central China and the relatively underdeveloped Northwest China have high GUE, while the lower GUE exists in the Northeast and North China regions with greater industrial transformation and upgrading pressures. In general, the global unified efficiency of each region increases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Suying Lu
- School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Guanglu Zhang
- International Development Cooperation Academy, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai 200336, PR China.
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26
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Wu F, Niu D, Dai S, Wu B. New insights into regional differences of the predictions of municipal solid waste generation rates using artificial neural networks. Waste Manag 2020; 107:182-190. [PMID: 32299033 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most popular non-linear models, artificial neural network (ANN) has been successfully applied in the prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Despite its high accuracy achieved in a specific city or region, little progress is made on a larger-scale, which would be resulted from the regional difference. In this study, ANN models for MSW prediction in mainland China are developed and optimized. Besides a model aiming for all cities, regional models are developed by grouping these cities into three categories. Impact of regional difference in MSW prediction is analyzed by evaluation of model's dependence on each predictor, and comparisons made between these models. Results show that regional difference has huge impact on MSW prediction. Accuracy of MSW prediction would increase from 0.916 in R2 and 59.3 in rooted mean squared error (RMSE) to 0.968/0.946/0.943 in R2 and 6.4/9.7/17.6 in RMSE for southern/northern/western region after a three-region division. Models for MSW prediction in southern and northern region of mainland China share much similarity in dependence on predictors, which differs a lot from that for western region. Further cross-prediction process confirmed that models for southern or northern regions might be suitable for the MSW prediction in another, yet not apply to that in western region. Such large-scale based model can be used by cities lacking historical data for prediction of their local MSW generation, the predictive result would be helpful in MSW disposal planning and the analysis of regional difference would be helpful in establishing regional policy, especially for the three regions in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shijin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Takai Y, Nakatani M, Aoki T, Komori D, Oyamada K, Murata K, Fujita E, Akamine T, Urita Y, Yamamoto M, Kanehisa H. Profile of regional fat and fat-free soft tissue accumulation in male athletes. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:5. [PMID: 32143706 PMCID: PMC7059667 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-0215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether or not the breakpoint (BP), at which the proportion of each of fat mass (FM) and fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM) to body mass (BM) alter, exists in male athletes. We examined the hypothesis that in male athletes, the regional FM and FFSTM-BM relationships have a BP, but the body mass at BP (BMBP) differs among the arms, trunk, and legs. Methods By using a dual X-ray absorptiometry, whole-body and regional FMs and FFSTMs in the arms, trunk, and legs were estimated in 198 male athletes (20.8 ± 2.1 years; 1.73 ± 0.07 m; 72.7 ± 14.8 kg). To detect the BP in the relationship between each of FM and FFSTM and BM, a piecewise linear regression analysis was used. If a BP was detected in the corresponding relationship, the significant difference between the regression slopes above and below the BP was examined. Results The regression analysis indicated that the BMBP existed in the FM- and FFSTM-BM relationships regardless of region and whole body. For the whole body, BMBP was 81.8 kg for FM and 82.2 kg for FFSTM. In regional FM-BM relationships, BMBP was 80.5 kg for arms, 82.6 kg for trunk, and 63.3 kg for legs, and the regression slopes above the BMBP became higher than those below the BP, and vice versa in regional FFSTM-BM relationships (BMBP 104.6 kg for arms, 80.9 kg for trunk, and 79.0 kg for legs). The relative differences in the slopes between below and above BMBP in the regional FM-BM relationships were higher in the arms and trunk than in the legs, and those in the regional FFSTM-BM relationships in the legs than in the trunk. Conclusion Whole-body and regional FM- and FFSTM-BM relationships for male athletes have breakpoints at which the proportion of the tissue masses to BM alters. The BMBP and differences in the distribution of regional FM and FFSTM around the breakpoint are region specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takai
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Nakatani
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Toru Aoki
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komori
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oyamada
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Kensuke Murata
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Eiji Fujita
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Takuya Akamine
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Urita
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamamoto
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Ye D, Li N, Bi P, Tong S, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Li Y, Yao X. High temperatures and emergency department visits in 18 sites with different climatic characteristics in China: Risk assessment and attributable fraction identification. Environ Int 2020; 136:105486. [PMID: 31991239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health impacts of high temperatures on hospital emergency department visits (EDVs) have been less reported, especially from developing countries. OBJECTIVES To investigate high temperature-EDVs relationship in various regions with different climatic characteristics, to explore the regional differences, to identify vulnerable populations, and to provide scientific evidence for climate change adaptation strategies in China. METHODS Daily data on weather, air pollution and EDVs were collected from 18 sites in China from June to August during 2014-2017. A quasi-Poisson generalized additive regression model was applied to examine the high temperature-EDVs relationship in each site. Site-specific risks of EDVs were pooled using a random effect meta-analysis model. Stratified analyses were performed by gender, age-groups, cause-specific EDVs and regions. Attributable fractions of EDVs due to high temperatures were calculated in different regions. RESULTS 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature was associated with 1.07% (95% CI, 0.46-1.67%) increase in EDVs across all study regions. The negative health effects from high temperatures were worse for the people living in southern China, in subtropical monsoon climate zone or in counties, with percentage change of 1.96% (95% CI, 0.92-3.02%), 1.35% (95% CI, 0.95-1.76%) and 1.41% (95% CI, 0.48-2.34%), respectively. People under 18 were more vulnerable to high temperatures. Exposure to high temperatures increased EDVs risks from endocrine, respiratory, and digestive diseases and injury. The attributable fraction due to high temperatures was 8.64% for overall EDVs, 11.70% for the people living in southern China, 10.80% for people living in subtropical monsoon climate zone and 12.65% for the county population. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to high temperatures resulted in extra burden to China's already overloaded hospital emergency departments. More resources are needed to meet increasing demands and effective preventative measurements are warranted to tackle such a challenge. Further studies should pay more attention to both heat and cold-related EDVs risks and socioeconomic cost for better climate change adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dianxiu Ye
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Takagi S, Kime R, Midorikawa T, Niwayama M, Sakamoto S, Katsumura T. Differences in Muscle O 2 Dynamics During Treadmill Exercise Between Aerobic Capacity-Matched Overweight and Normal-Weight Adults. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1232:223-9. [PMID: 31893414 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare muscle O2 dynamics during exercise between aerobic capacity-matched overweight and normal-weight adults. Overweight women (OW, n = 9) and normal-weight women (NW, n = 14) performed graded treadmill exercise until exhaustion. Muscle O2 saturation (SmO2) and relative changes from rest in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (∆deoxy-Hb) and total hemoglobin concentration (∆total-Hb) were monitored continuously at gastrocnemius medialis muscle by near infrared spatial resolved spectroscopy. Significantly higher SmO2 and lower ∆deoxy-Hb and ∆total-Hb were observed in OW compared with NW. Pulmonary O2 uptake (VO2) normalized by fat-free mass was matched between groups. In both groups, peak VO2 was significantly correlated with change in SmO2 and ∆deoxy-Hb. Our findings suggest that both muscle blood volume and deoxygenation were lower in overweight adults, compared to aerobic capacity-matched normal-weight adults. Moreover, lowered muscle O2 extraction was related to peak VO2 in overweight adults, as well as in normal-weight adults.
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Song Y, Guo S, Zhang M. Will environmental regulations affect subjective well-being?-a cross-region analysis in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:29191-29211. [PMID: 31392618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is a vast country with a wide range of difference in local customs and practices, whose governments at all levels have certain flexibility in policy formulation and implementation accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the impacts of environmental regulations (ERs) on subjective well-being (SWB) in different areas, which was totally overlooked by many scholars. Combining environmental regulations data with subjective well-being data from CGSS (2015), we conduct an empirical study on the linear and non-linear relationships between three different types of ERs and SWB in this study, then, we further verify the lag effects because of the time lag-related policies. Research results provide support that (1) in the eastern region, when command-and-control regulations(CMCER) and market-based regulations (MBER) have a reversed "U"-shaped curve connection with SWB, informal regulations (INFER) would reduce subjective well-being, and (2) for the central region, a "U"-shaped curve relationship exists between CMCER with SWB, while MBER and INFER have no significant impact, and (3) in the western region, MBER can promote SWB more sharply, and CMCER and INFER play negative roles in SWB improvement. Finally, by comparing the hysteresis results of different regions, we find that INFER and MBER are required to be strengthened for all above regions. In addition, implementation of CMCER is the highlight point for western region. Our findings have meaningful policy implications and the government should develop appropriate environmental regulations based on local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Energy and Management Base, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu Guo
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Energy and Management Base, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
- Jiangsu Energy and Management Base, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Wei YX, Shen ZW, Yu CQ, Du HD, Lyu J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Pei P, Chen JS, Chen ZM, Li LM. [Epidemiological characteristics and correlated factors of habitual snoring among Chinese aged 30 to 79 year-old]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:917-923. [PMID: 31484254 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the characteristics of habitual snoring among adults from 10 regions engaged in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study. Methods: The baseline survey of CKB was conducted from 2004 to 2008. Data was collected regarding the information on socio- demographic characteristics, lifestyle, sleeping habits, and results from the physical examination of the participants. Logistic regression models were used to compare the regional differences and to estimate the associations of other baseline characteristics on snoring habit. Results: A total of 512 713 participants were included in this study. The overall prevalence of habitual snoring was 21.2%, higher among men, in south regions and urban areas, but no difference observed among people with different socioeconomic status after adjusting for age, regions, BMI, waist circumference or lifestyle factors. Results showed that the prevalence of habitual snoring under the multivariable adjusted model increased among current and ever smokers, also among current and ever alcohol consumers. The risk of habitual snoring was increased by 19% per 1 kg/m(2) and 6% per 1 cm increment in BMI or waist circumference, respectively. Among participants with similar BMI, central obese individuals were more likely to be habitual snorers. For individuals with similar waist circumference, the prevalence of habitual snoring was higher among those with higher BMI. Conclusion: The prevalence of habitual snoring varied across regions. Substantial differences in habitual snoring were also seen among people with different lifestyles and body sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z W Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C Q Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H D Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - J Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Z Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - P Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J S Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Z M Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - L M Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang Z, Zhang B, Zhang C, Ren S, Wang W, Wang Y, Jiang T, Wei H, Li Y, Wu Q, Chen J. Effect of region on the Outcome of Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors for Advanced Cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105709. [PMID: 31276976 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regional differences were associated with cancer incidence and mortality. However, the correlation between regional differences and cancer immunotherapy efficacy was still not evaluated. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether regional differences play a role in efficacy of PD-1/L1 inhibitors in cancer patients. METHODS A meticulous review of relevant randomized controlled trials that were sourced from the PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE databases. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the primary outcome and secondary outcome in our study, respectively. We also assessed difference on the hazard ratio (HR) between European and North American groups. RESULTS A total of 14 randomized clinical trials including 9387 patients were finally eligible for meta-analysis in our study. With respect to the pooled HR in treatment with PD-1/L1 inhibitors, North American patients presented OS as 0.60 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.67), and PFS as 0.49 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.59), whereas European patients presented OS as 0.76 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.90), and PFS as 0.58 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.72), relative to their corresponding control groups. OS efficacy thus varied significantly (Pheterogeneity = 0.028) between North American and European patients when treated with PD-1/L1 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings were very surprising especially considering the higher prevalence of cancer in Europe. Although PD-1/L1 inhibitors improved OS and PFS in both North American and European patients compared with controls, the magnitude of benefit was region-dependent. North American patients can benefit more from PD-1/L1 inhibitors than European patients. More researches were urgently demanded to explore its potential molecular mechanisms.
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Li Z, Wang X, Zhang T, Si H, Xu C, Wright AG, Li G. Heterogeneous development of methanogens and the correlation with bacteria in the rumen and cecum of sika deer (Cervus nippon) during early life suggest different ecology relevance. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:129. [PMID: 31185894 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric methane from the ruminant livestock is a significant source in global greenhouse gas emissions, which is mainly generated by the methanogens inhabiting the rumen and cecum. Sika deer (Cervus nippon) not only produces less methane than bovine, but they also harbor a distinct methanogen community. Whereas, knowledge of methanogens colonization in the rumen and cecum of sika deer is relatively still unknown, which could provide more insights to the manipulation of gut microbiota during early life. RESULTS Here, we examined the development of bacteria and methanogens in the rumen and cecum of juvenile sika deer from birth to post-weaning (1 day, 42 days and 70 days, respectively) based on next generation sequencing. The results showed that the facultative anaerobic bacteria were decreased and the cellulolytic bacteria were increased. However, methanogens established soon after birth thrived through the whole developmental period, indicating a different succession process than bacteria in the GIT, and the limited role of age and dietary change on GIT methanogens. We also found Methanobrevibacter spp. (Mean relative abundance = 44.2%) and Methanocorpusculum spp. (Mean relative abundance = 57.5%) were dominated in the rumen and cecum, respectively. The methanogens also formed specific correlations with bacteria under different niches, suggesting a role of ecology niche on methanogen community. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to our knowledge about the microbial succession in GIT of sika deer, that may facilitate the development of targeted strategies to improve GIT function of sika deer.
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Fan JL, Cao Z, Zhang X, Wang JD, Zhang M. Comparative study on the influence of final use structure on carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Sci Total Environ 2019; 668:271-282. [PMID: 30852204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region's rapid economic development has led to a dramatic increase in its CO2 emissions, which is closely related to various regions' consumption habits and structures. In this paper, the decomposition analysis method based on input and output (IO-SDA) was applied to decompose the CO2 emissions change of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1997 to 2012 into five driving factors: population, carbon emission efficiency, production structure, final use structure and per capita regional GDP, and then the final use structure factor was further analyzed. The results show that: (1) the population and per capita regional GDP promote the CO2 emissions of all regions; Carbon emission efficiency is the biggest offsetting factor; The effect of final use structure changes on the growth of CO2 emissions in Beijing and Hebei remains unchanged. The effect on Tianjin was from 0.7Mt offset to 0.8Mt promotion. (2) Urban household consumption is the most important factor offsetting CO2 emissions in Beijing. Investment and export are the most important final use types for promoting the growth of CO2 emissions in Tianjin and Hebei, with the contribution of 95.78% and 88.09%, respectively. (3) From the sectoral perspective: The construction sector has the greatest impact on the total capital formation of the three regions. In terms of exports, Beijing's tertiary industry has the largest offsetting effect, while Tianjin and Hebei mainly rely on the promotion of metal smelting and other manufacturing industries. Finally, some policy implications for low carbonization are proposed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Li Fan
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 100083 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, 100083 Beijing, China; Centre for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21, Ministry of Science and Technology, 100038 Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Da Wang
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 100083 Beijing, China
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Zhou M, Zhu NB, Yu CQ, Du HD, Lyu J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Tan YL, Pei P, Chen JS, Chen ZM, Li LM; China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. [Analysis on adulthood weight change in adults in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:510-4. [PMID: 31177729 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the characteristics of adulthood weight change through the analysis on data from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Study of 0.5 million adults from ten areas in China. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the information about the body weight at age 25 years, social-demographic characteristics and lifestyle of the study subjects and their body weight were measured. After excluding the adults with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer or diabetes and those who had no data of body weight at age 25 years and those aged outside of 35-70 years, a total of 360 903 adults were included in the analysis. Adulthood weight change were defined as difference value between current body weight and body weight at age 25 years. Results: The mean adulthood weight change of the participants was 4.9 kg. The adults living in urban area showed more body weight increase compared with those living in rural area, so did the adults in northern area compared with those in southern area. Among the ten areas in China, Qingdao reported the highest adulthood weight increase (9.3 kg), and Gansu reported the lowest adulthood weight increase (1.5 kg). Older adults had higher BMI at early adulthood (25 years old), but the adults aged 45-50 years had the highest adulthood body weight increase. Adults with higher educational level, higher household income level, but lower physical activity level had more body weight increase, while current smokers, farmers and workers had less body weight increase. BMI at age 25 years was negatively associated with adulthood body weight change, but current BMI was positively associated with adulthood body weight change (P<0.001). Conclusion: Adulthood body weight change varied greatly among population with different demographic characteristics and lifestyle and in ten areas in China.
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Dong Y, Wang H, Chang E, Zhao Z, Wang R, Xu R, Jiang J. Alleviation of aluminum phytotoxicity by canola straw biochars varied with their cultivating soils through an investigation of wheat seedling root elongation. Chemosphere 2019; 218:907-914. [PMID: 30609495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The types and amounts of cations and their uptake by plants vary with cultivating soils, which correlates with the carbonates and subsequent alkalis contents in the derived biochars. However, regional differences in the alkaline properties of crop straw biochars are unclear. In the present study, biochars pyrolyzed from canola straws collected from four different regions were used to assess the differences in the alkaline properties among them. The biochars were referred to as YTBC, XCBC, NJBC, and HYBC, respectively, and their feedstocks were collected from four different regions from south to north of China. The NH4OAC exchangeable base cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) in the biochars were 270.74, 1427.05, 2089.23, and 1516.48 mmol kg-1 for YTBC, XCBC, NJBC, and HYBC, respectively, which were roughly consistent with the exchangeable base cations in the corresponding planting soils (17.57, 28.20, 151.26 and 444.65 mmol kg-1, respectively). The pH, carbonates content, and alkalinity of biochars considerably increased as follows: YTBC < XCBC < NJBC < HYBC. Wheat seedling root elongation experiment indicated that the Al(III) phytotoxicity alleviation effect of the biochars was as follows: HYBC > NJBC > XCBC > YTBC, which was corroborated by the subsequent findings of Evans blue staining, the remnant aluminum (Al(III)) in the reaction solution and Al(III) distribution in the wheat seedling roots. Thus, planting soil had a dominant influence in alleviating Al(III) phytotoxicity, and studies on crop straw biochar properties concerning alkalinities or liming potentials should not only consider crop genera and pyrolysis conditions, but also cultivating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Environment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Environment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - E Chang
- Institute of Information Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruhai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Renkou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Hohnloser SH, Calkins H, Willems S, Verma A, Schilling R, Okumura K, Nordaby M, Kleine E, Biss B, Gerstenfeld EP; RE-CIRCUIT® investigators. Regional differences in patient characteristics and outcomes during uninterrupted anticoagulation with dabigatran versus warfarin in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: the RE-CIRCUIT study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2019; 55:145-52. [PMID: 30758702 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-019-00518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe regional differences in patient characteristics, ablation procedures, and bleeding events in the RE-CIRCUIT study. RE-CIRCUIT was a prospective, multicenter study that captured data from different regions, providing an opportunity to understand the practices followed in various regions. The incidence of major bleeding events (MBEs) was significantly lower with uninterrupted dabigatran versus uninterrupted warfarin. METHODS Patients were randomized to receive dabigatran 150 mg twice daily or warfarin. Ablation was performed with uninterrupted anticoagulation for 8 weeks after the procedure. Regions were Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, and Asia. RESULTS Of 704 patients screened across 104 sites, 635 underwent catheter ablation (dabigatran, 317; warfarin, 318). Patient characteristics were different across various regions. Patients from North America had the highest prevalence of atrial flutter (33%), coronary artery disease (29%), diabetes mellitus (18%), and previous myocardial infarction (9%). Hypertension was most prevalent in Eastern Europe (75%), as was congestive heart failure (40% vs 2% in Western Europe). Pulmonary vein isolation alone was the preferred technique used in most patients (86% in North America and 75-83% elsewhere) and radio frequency was the preferred energy source. The major outcome measure, incidence of MBEs during and up to 2 months after the procedure, was consistently lower with uninterrupted dabigatran versus warfarin, irrespective of regions and their procedural differences, and different ablation techniques utilized. CONCLUSIONS This analysis shows that the benefits of dabigatran over a vitamin K antagonist in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation are consistent across all geographic regions studied. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02348723 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02348723).
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Hirata Y, Hamano SI, Ikemoto S, Oba A, Matsuura R. Quantitative evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow changes during childhood using 123I-N-isopropyl-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography. Brain Dev 2018; 40:841-849. [PMID: 30227937 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional developmental changes during childhood using 123I-N-isopropyl-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and autoradiography. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed quantitative values of rCBF in 75 children (29 girls) aged between 16 days and 178 months (median: 12 months), whose brain images, including magnetic resonance imaging and SPECT data, were normal under visual inspection at Saitama Children's Medical Center between 2005 and 2015. The subjects had normal psychomotor development, no focal neurological abnormalities, and neither respiratory nor cardiac disease at the time of examination. Regions of interest were placed automatically using a three-dimensional stereotactic template. RESULTS rCBF was lowest in neonates, who had greater rCBF in the lenticular nucleus, thalamus, and cerebellum than the cerebral cortices. rCBF increased rapidly during the first year of life, reaching approximately twice the adult levels at 8 years, and then fell to approximately adult levels in the late teenage years. Cerebral cortex rCBF sequentially increased in the posterior, central, parietal, temporal, and callosomarginal regions during infancy and childhood. CONCLUSIONS rCBF changed dramatically throughout childhood and ranged from lower than adult values to approximately two times higher than adult values. It had different trajectories in each region during brain development. Understanding this dynamic developmental change is necessary for SPECT image evaluation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hirata
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hamano
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Satoru Ikemoto
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Atsuko Oba
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryuki Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Takahashi R, Ishii K, Tokuda T, Nakajima M, Okada T. Regional dissociation between the cerebral blood flow and gray matter density alterations in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalous: results from SINPHONI-2 study. Neuroradiology 2018; 61:37-42. [PMID: 30269153 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to elucidate the specific regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) alterations for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) by comparing the proportional rCBF and gray matter change from those of a normal database at the same point of SPECT and MRI examinations. METHODS Thirty subjects with iNPH underwent both CBF SPECT and MRI. After normalization, voxel-wise two-sample t tests between patients and 11 normal controls were conducted to compare the regional alteration in the gray matter density and rCBF. RESULTS The rCBF reduction and the gray matter decrease were seen in almost similar regions surrounding Sylvian fissure, the left parietotemporal region and frontal lobes, whereas we did not find rCBF increase at the top of the high convexity, where the increase of the gray matter density was the highest (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study showed regional associations and dissociations between the relative gray matter density and rCBF in patients with iNPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital at Nishi-Harima, Tatsuno, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaharu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tama-Hokubu Medical Center, Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Higashimurayamashi, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka TD, Sawano M, Ramani R, Friedman M, Kohsaka S. Acute heart failure management in the USA and Japan: overview of practice patterns and review of evidence. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:931-947. [PMID: 29932314 PMCID: PMC6165950 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, acute heart failure (AHF) remains an ongoing public health issue with its prevalence and mortality increasing in the east and the west. Effective treatment strategies to stabilize AHF are important to alleviate clinical symptoms and to improve clinical outcomes. However, despite the progress in the management of stable and chronic heart failure, no single agent has been proven to play a definitive role in the management of AHF. As a consequence, contemporary treatment strategies for patients with AHF vary greatly by region. This manuscript reviews the medical treatment options for AHF, with an emphasis on the differences between the treatment strategies in the USA and Japan. This information would provide a framework for clinicians to evaluate and manage patients with AHF and highlight the remaining questions to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu D Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ravi Ramani
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Friedman
- Section of Cardiology, Sarver Heart Center, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Xie H, Zhang D, Mao G, Wang F, Song A. Availability of lignocellulose from forestry waste for use as a biofuel in China. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:234. [PMID: 29725573 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass is a very important renewable energy and plays an important role in the energy structure of China. Here, the role of forestry waste in producing energy in China was analyzed and the availability of forestry waste for biofuel production, theoretically collectable amounts of forest biomass, and density of forestry waste were assessed. Agricultural and forestry waste are important biomass resources. The potential for using forestry waste as a low cost substrate for producing fuel ethanol using existing forestry resources and techniques was analyzed, and the feasibility of producing fuel ethanol in different Chinese provinces was assessed using the specific situation for each province. The results showed that 1081.73 × 106 t of forestry waste could be produced in China, and 270.43 × 106 t (25% of the amount that could be collected) could be used to produce fuel ethanol. Assuming 10 t of sawdust could be converted into 1 t of ethanol, 27 × 106 t of ethanol could be produced from forestry waste. Different provinces have different potentials for producing ethanol from forestry waste, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Sichuan Province, and Yunnan Province having higher potentials than the other provinces. It was predicted that 4478 × 106 t of fuel ethanol could be produced from woodcraft waste by 2020, and the provinces with the most potential were found to be Fujian Province, Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Shanxi Province, Sichuan Province, Xinjiang Province, and Yunnan Province. Using forestry waste to produce ethanol could alleviate the energy shortage in China.
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Takagi S, Kime R, Murase N, Niwayama M, Osada T, Katsumura T. Multi-site Measurements of Muscle O 2 Dynamics During Cycling Exercise in Early Post-myocardial Infarction. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 977:35-41. [PMID: 28685425 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the muscle oxygen dynamics between early post-myocardial infarction (n = 12; MI) and age-matched elderly subjects without MI (n = 12; CON) in several leg muscles during ramp cycling exercise. Muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), deoxygenated-hemoglobin concentration (∆deoxy-Hb), and total-hemoglobin concentration (∆total-Hb) were monitored continuously at the distal site of vastus lateralis (VLd), proximal site of the vastus lateralis (VLp), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles by near infrared spatial resolved spectroscopy. At given absolute workloads, higher SmO2 was observed at VLd, VLp, RF, and VM in MI, compared to CON. Simultaneously, in MI, deoxy-Hb was lower at VLd, VLp, and VM than CON. In contrast to the thigh muscles, muscle oxygen dynamics were similar between groups in GM and TA. In total-Hb, no significant differences were found at any measurement sites. These results demonstrated that the absence of muscle deoxygenation was observed in MI muscles, especially in the thigh muscles, but not in the lower leg muscles.
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Pu H, Luo K, Wang P, Wang S, Kang S. Spatial variation of air quality index and urban driving factors linkages: evidence from Chinese cities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:4457-4468. [PMID: 27943141 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Daily air quality index (AQI) of 161 Chinese cities obtained from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China in 2015 is conducted. In this study, to better explore spatial distribution and regional characteristic of AQI, global and local spatial autocorrelation is utilized. Pearson's correlation is introduced to determine the influence of single urban indicator on AQI value. Meanwhile, multiple linear stepwise regression is chosen to estimate quantitatively the most influential urban indicators on AQI. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that the AQI value of Chinese 161 cities shows a spatial dependency. Higher AQI is mainly located in north and northwest regions, whereas low AQI is concentrated in the south and the Qinghai-Tibet regions. The low AQI and high AQI values in China both exhibit relative immobility through seasonal variation. The influence degree of three adverse urban driving factors on AQI value is ranked from high to low: coal consumption of manufacturing > building area > coal consumption of the power industry. It is worth noting that the risk of exposed population to poor quality is greater in the northern region than in other regions. The results of the study provide a reference for the formulation of urban policy and improvement of air quality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Pu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, All Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kunli Luo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, All Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Pin Wang
- Design and Research Institute of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, All Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shun Kang
- China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
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Zhang Y, Shen J. Regional and tissue-specific differences in brain glutamate concentration measured by in vivo single voxel MRS. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 239:94-9. [PMID: 25261738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in characterizing spatial distribution of glutamate (Glu) in brain disorders. Comparing the differences in Glu concentration using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is hampered by the confounding effects of different anatomical regions and tissue composition. NEW METHOD Effect of tissue composition on Glu concentrations was studied by selecting closely adjacent voxels within a designated cortical region. Glu regional differences were assessed using voxels comprising essentially the same tissue composition from different cortical regions. RESULTS Using point-resolved-spectroscopy (PRESS)-based averaged echo time method, Glu concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was found to correlate strongly with tissue gray matter (GM) fraction (r=0.87, p=10(-5)). No significant regional difference in Glu concentration was found between frontal and occipital lobes (p=0.23) when the two measured voxels had essentially the same tissue composition. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The method of the current study is aimed to circumvent the difficulties in differentiating anatomical region from tissue composition, given that both can lead to Glu variations in brain. Glu concentration versus tissue composition was measured in the same anatomical region, while the comparison of regional differences was performed with the two regions that had essentially the same tissue composition. CONCLUSIONS In brain cortices, Glu level is significantly higher in GM than in WM. Glu level difference between frontal lobe and occipital lobe is insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- MR Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jun Shen
- MR Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chen TJ, Ji CY. Secular changes of stature in rural children and adolescents in China, 1985-2010. Biomed Environ Sci 2014; 27:573-581. [PMID: 25189603 DOI: 10.3967/bes2014.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze and assess secular change in stature in rural children and adolescents in China from 1985 to 2010. METHODS Data were obtained from the 6 rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health. The subjects enrolled in the study were children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in rural areas of provincial capitals. RESULTS An overall positive secular trend in stature occurred in rural areas of provincial capitals in China from 1985 to 2010. The overall average increase rates were 3.1 and 2.4 cm/decade for boys and girls, respectively. The total body height increases for grown up boys and girls were 3.6 and 2.3 cm and the increase rates were 1.4 and 0.9 cm/decade, respectively. There were differences in body height increase among eastern, central and western regions. The average body height of the children or adolescents in eastern region was highest, followed by central region and western region. The overall increase rates in central region were highest among the three regions. The difference between eastern/central region and western region was obvious. CONCLUSION Positive secular trend in stature of children or adolescents has occurred in rural area of China, and rural boys and girls showed a great potential for continuous growth. More attention should be paid to the differences in children's body height between western region and eastern/central region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiao Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Ye Ji
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Ishizuya-Oka A, Shimozawa A, Takeda H, Shi YB. Cell-specific and spatio-temporal expression of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene during amphibian metamorphosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994; 204:150-155. [PMID: 28305939 DOI: 10.1007/bf00361110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/1994] [Accepted: 06/11/1994] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) gene is known to be regulated during Xenopus metamorphosis. To determine the relationship between its regulation and cellular differentiation during metamorphosis, we have examined the distribution of IFABP mRNA in the Xenopus digestive tract by in situ hybridization techniques. Throughout all stages examined, transcripts of IFABP gene were observed exclusively in absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine, and they decreased in amount towards the posterior intestine. Around stage 58, just before metamorphic climax, IFABP mRNA level began to decrease in larval absorptive cells that still remained intact morphologically. Thereafter, IFABP mRNA was no longer detected among larval cells. In turn, at stage 62, IFABP mRNA became detectable in some of the newly formed adult epithelium that had not yet developed a brush border, but not in the remaining larval cells. By the end of metamorphosis, IFABP mRNA became more abundant towards the crest of intestinal folds. These results suggest that IFABP gene expression is specific for absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine and is regionally regulated along the intestinal anterior-posterior axis in both tadpoles and frogs and also along the trough-crest axis of frog intestinal folds. In addition, our present study directly shows that IFABP mRNA level decreases in larval absorptive cells but increases in adult ones during metamorphosis, preceding morphological changes of both types of cells. Therefore, the regulation of IFABP gene is an early event during both larval epithelial cell death and adult epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka
- Department of Anatomy, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 321-02, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsumi Shimozawa
- Department of Anatomy, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 321-02, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, 464-01, Chigusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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